IPython - isirhubuluzi somndeni wezinyoka ezingenabuthi ezihlala e-Afrika, e-Asia ngisho nase-Australia. Izimbila zase-Afrika ziyazi kahle indawo eseningizimu yeSahara. Abantu base-Asiya bayachuma eNdiya, eNepal, kuyo yonke iningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe, eziqhingini, kuhlanganise nase-Oceania. Abantu base-Australia batholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga nasezindaweni ezingaphakathi kweGreen Continent.
Ngama-70s ekhulu elidlule leminyaka, ama-pythons alethwa e-United States. Bazivumelanisa nezimo, bazizwa bekhululekile emaxhaphozini aseFlorida. Zizala ngempumelelo futhi zikhule zifike kumamitha ayi-5 ubude.
Incazelo nezici
Umndeni we-python uhlanganisa izinyoka ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Futhi hhayi ezinkulu kuphela. I-Australia Antaresia perthensis ikhula ize ibe ngamasentimitha angama-60 kuphela.Azigcini ngobukhulu bezinyoka kuphela, kodwa nohlelo lwazo lombala.
Umbala wezinyoka uhlotshaniswa nendawo lapho i-python ihlala futhi izingela khona. Ezikhumbeni zezinye izinhlobo zezinto, lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlobisa, ehlukile. Phindisela python esithombeni ikhombisa ubuhle nobulukhuni bomdwebo.
Iningi lezinhlobo zinamabala, imibala engacacile nemivimbo emzimbeni. Kukhona izinyoka ezinemibala eqinile. Kukhona izinhlwathi ezingama-albino. I-python emhlophe kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zasendlini kunasemvelweni.
Izinhlobo eziningi zinezitho ezithile zemizwa endaweni yezindebe: imigodi ye-labial. Laba bangabamukeli be-infrared. Bayakuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukutholakala kwesilwane esinegazi elifudumele eduze.
Izinyoka zinamakhanda angunxantathu. Amazinyo abukhali, agobile ngaphakathi, okuhlinzeka isibambiso esiphephile. Izinyoka ze-arboreal zinamazinyo amade kunalawo asemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zezinkuni zinomsila omude futhi onamandla.
IPython — inyoka, engazange idlule yonke indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izici ezimbili zingabizwa ngenxa yokuthi i-python ibhekwa njengenyoka endala, engaphansi.
- Izitho zangemuva ezingekho emthethweni, okuthiwa ama-spurs.
- Amaphaphu amabili.
Ezinyokeni eziphakeme, yonke imikhondo yezitho zomzimba ilahlekile ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iphaphu elilodwa lahlala ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ezivela emndenini omkhulu walabo abaphakeme.
Izinhlobo
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuthola uhlobo lwesirhubuluzi. Izinyoka boa constrictor ne-python zibonakala ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo kubantu abavamile. Kepha bayizihlobo ezikude kakhulu. Ungowemindeni ehlukene.
Umehluko omkhulu uyindlela yokukhiqiza inzalo: ama-boas yi-viviparous, ama-pythons ayi-oviparous. Umndeni we-python uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezihlala e-Australia nase-Oceania. Lezi yizinyoka ezincane neziphakathi nendawo.
- I-Antaresia
Uhlobo lwezinyoka zase-Australia. Ubude besirhubuluzi esidala bungahluka kusuka ku-0.5 m kuye ku-1.5 m. Ngaphezu kwe-Australia, itholakala empumalanga yeNew Guinea. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-4. Ngokuvamile kugcinwa ezindaweni zasekhaya. Uhlobo lwathola igama lenkanyezi ku-constellation Scorpio ngo-1984 ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa okulandelayo kokuhlelwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
- I-Apodora
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa uhlobo olulodwa. Uhlala esiqhingini saseNew Guinea. Inyoka inkulu ngokwanele. Kusuka ku-1.5m kuye ku-4.5m ubude. Ukuzingela kusihlwa kakhulu ebusuku. Umbala wesikhumba ungowomnqumo noma onsundu. Izinketho ezahlukahlukene zesikhashana zingenzeka: emuva onsundu onsundu, izinhlangothi eziphuzi ngoku nsundu, nokunye okunjalo. Ibekezelela impilo ema-terrariums kahle.
- Ama-Aspidites
Igama lesibili lalesi silwane yi-python enekhanda elimnyama. Umzimba onsundu ophuzi onemivimbo eguqukayo uthweswe umqhele ngekhanda elimnyama. Kutholakala enyakatho naphakathi ne-Australia. Indawo ehlala kuyo ngamahlathi, amasimu agcwele izihlahla, amathafa asuka eQueensland aya eCape Leveque.
- I-bothrochilus
Inyoka yalolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuthi i-python enezindebe ezimhlophe. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ama-2-3 ubude. Umzimba upendwe ngombala ofanayo. Umbala uncike endaweni yokuhlala. Izinketho zihlukile: mpunga, cishe omnyama, onsundu, ophuzi. Ukuhluka okuphakathi kungenzeka.
- Liasis
Uhlobo lwezinhlwathi, lapho kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zesimanje kanye nefosili eyodwa, yi-Liasis dubudingala. Kwakuyinyoka enkulu. Ubude bayo bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Wahlala ePliocene yokuqala.
- UMorelia.
Lolu hlobo lubandakanya izinhlobo ezi-4. Esikhathini esedlule, ifake ezinye izinhlobo eziyi-7. Izinyoka ezifakwe kuhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi ama-rhombic pythons.
- IPython
Lolu uhlobo lwezinhlwathi eziyiqiniso. AmaGreki asendulo abiza iPython noma iPython ezinganekwaneni zabo ngokuthi inyoka egade umnyango wendawo yokumemezela ukubhula. Okuthiwa yi-Delphic oracle. Inyoka ayigcinanga ngokuqapha lesi siprofetho kuphela, kodwa yaphinde yachitha nezindawo ezakhelene nedolobha laseDelphi. Unkulunkulu u-Apollo waqeda intukuthelo yenyoka: wabulala isilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu.
Izinyoka ezinkulu zazihlala eYurophu. Ngemuva kokuhlola izinsalela zabo, ososayensi babona ukuthi lolu uhlobo lwezinsalela zasendulo zaseYurophu ezivela kuhlobo lwePython. Babekhona ngesikhathi seMiocene. Ukuqothulwa ngesikhathi sePliocene, cishe eminyakeni eyi-4-5 yezigidi edlule. Uhlobo lwezimbungu lweqiniso lubandakanya izinhlobo eziyi-11.
- I-python yemifino. Inyoka engeqi kumamitha ayi-1.8. Uhlala emasimini ase-Angola naseNamibia, kugcwele izihlahla. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yanikeza lesi silwanyane igama eliphakathi - i-python yase-Angola.
- Ingwe emnyama python. Inyoka enkulu efinyelela kumamitha ama-5 ubude namakhilogremu angama-75 isisindo. Ihlala ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nakwezinye iziqhingi zase-Indonesia.
- I-motley python kaBreitenstein. Uhlala emahlathini emvula ashisayo aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Umuntu omdala ukhula aze afike ku-2, kuyaqabukela afike kumamitha ama-3. Le nyoka ihlukaniswa ngomsila omfushane nomzimba ojiyile.
- I-python ebomvu enombala obomvu. Inyoka iyisakhamuzi sase-Asia. Eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi, ithuthukise amahlathi aswakeme. Uvakashela amasimu ezolimo. Ingaphila emagqumeni, kuze kufike ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2000. Kubonakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwemibala.
- I-python enomsila omfishane. Igama libonisa ukubonakala kwesakhiwo somzimba: inyoka inomsila omfushane nomzimba omkhulu. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha amathathu. Izinhlobo zase-Indonesia: iBali, iSumatra neBeltinga. Kutholakala eVietnam naseThailand.
- Ingwe yePython... Ikhula kahle ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eziqhingini zase-Indonesia. Wazi namathafa ahlukahlukene: amahlathi aswakeme, izimfunda ezinamaxhaphozi, izihlahla, amagquma.
- Inhlwathi yase-Ethiopia. Igama linikezwa yizwe lapho livame ukutholakala khona. Kepha akuhlali kuyo kuphela. Kubhekwe ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeSahara. Ubude bezilwane ezihuquzelayo buhluka kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayisithupha.
- I-Royal python... Ohlala emahlathini, ezigodini zemifula nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zaseNtshonalanga ne-Afrika Ephakathi. Enye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke. Ubude abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.3. Uma kwenzeka ingozi izigoqa ibe yibhola. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukubizwa nge-python ball, noma ibhola.
- I-Hieroglyph python. Inyoka ibizwa nangokuthi i-python seba. Ukuhlonipha isazi sezilwane saseDashi u-Albert Seb. Kukhona negama lesithathu: i-rock python. Lesi sakhamuzi sase-Afrika singakhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-6 noma ngaphezulu ubude. Enye yezinyoka ezinde kunazo zonke ezitholakala e-Afrika.
- I-python eyenziwe kabusha. Uhlala eHindustan nasenhlonhlweni yaseKorea. Wahlala eziqhingini zase-Indonesia nasePhilippines. Kubhekwa njengenye yezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu. Abanye ososayensi bezilwane, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esedlule, babike ubukhulu obumangazayo ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10. Eqinisweni, kuboniswe izinhlobo ezifinyelele kumamitha ayi-7 ubude.
Ngo-2011 izinhlobo zamapharoni lezi ezikhona manje zanezelwa yiPython kyaiktiyo - etholakala kwesinye sezifunda zaseMyanmar.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama yisimo esiyinhloko sokuba khona kwama-python. Zingahlala emahlathini emvula, amaxhaphozi, izimfunda ezivulekile nezinamahlathi, ngisho nokufakwa kwamatshe nezindunduma.
Ama-pythons alethwe eNyakatho Melika asesimweni esihle. Akudingeki ukuthi bashintshe imikhuba yabo futhi bazivumelanise nesikhathi eside. Uhlobo lweFlorida Everglades luhambisana ngokuphelele nokuthandwa kwesimo sezulu nokwakheka kwezwe kwamaPython.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphiri zinekhono ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla. Cishe wonke umuntu ubhukuda kahle. Kodwa alukho uhlobo olulodwa olungabizwa ngejubane elikhulu. Amaphiri adonswa aya phambili. Ncika emhlabathini ngengaphambili lomzimba. Iqinisa iphakathi nomsila. Ingaphambili lomzimba lidonswa liye phambili futhi.
Le ndlela yokunyakaza kwe-serpentine ibizwa nge-rectilinear. Kujwayelekile ngezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinyoka. Ijubane lokunyakaza lincane. Cishe 3-4 km / h. Ibanga elifushane i-python enkulu ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-10 km / h.
Ubuhle, isisulu esidlayo kanye nemfihlakalo equkethwe izinyoka zenza ama-pythons abe yizakhamuzi ezihlala njalo ezindaweni zasekhaya ezifuywayo. Royal, aka i-python ephuzi buka okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi nabathandi bezifundo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izimpungushe zidla ngokukhethekile. Izilwane ezahlukahlukene ziba yizisulu. Konke kuya ngobungako benyoka. Izinhlobo ezincane nezinyoka ezincane ziyaneliseka ngamagundane, izibankwa, nezinyoni. Ukudla kwabantu abakhulu kubandakanya izinkawu, ama-wallabies, izinhlwathi nezingulube zasendle. Imfuyo ingabuye ibe yindebe yokuzingela i-python.
Izinhlwathi ziqamekele izilwane. Ugibe lokudla luhlelwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: phakathi kotshani obude, ezihlahleni, okucwiliswe kancane emanzini. Umsebenzi omkhulu womzingeli ukufaka amazinyo akhe esilwaneni esingaqaphile noma inyoni ngokujikijela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyisonga ngezindandatho bese ekhama. Isisulu siyeke ukuphefumula nokujikeleza kwegazi. IPython iyaqhubeka nokugwinya indebe efile.
Imihlathi yenyoka ingavulwa ibanzi njengokufisa kwayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi isilwane esikhulu, njenge-antelope endala, sigwinywe siphelele. Ngemuva kokugwinya, i-python ikhasela endaweni ephephile, ngokombono wayo, endaweni. Idlulela ekudleni kwasemini. Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi izinyoka zalolu hlobo zingahamba ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi esingangonyaka nesigamu.
Impango yamaphiri yizilwane ezidla utshani nezilwane ezidlayo ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ezindaweni okuhlala kuzo izingwenya noma izingwenya, ngisho nalezi ezihuquzelayo zingaklinywa futhi zigwinywe. Kepha kukhona olunye uhlangothi kuhlamvu lwemali. Izinyoka ngokwazo zihlushwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye. E-Australia kusuka ezingwenya ezifanayo, e-Afrika kusuka kumakati amakhulu, izimpungushe, izinyoni ezinkulu nezinye izidalwa.
Umagazini iNational Geografic ubike ngesigameko esibuhlungu e-Indonesia ngoJuni 2018. UPython uhlasele owesifazane oneminyaka engama-54 ubudala osebenza engadini yakhe. Isiphetho sowesifazane ompofu saba lusizi. Ngonyaka owedlule, ezindaweni ezifanayo i-python ebuyisiwe yahlasela insizwa yayigwinya.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lapho uneminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala, ama-python ayakwazi ukuzala kabusha. Isifiso sokuqhubeka nomncintiswano asinqunywa kuphela ngeminyaka yobudala nekhalenda, kepha futhi nokutholakala kokudla. Owesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili utshela ukulungela kwakhe ukuzala ngosizo lwama-pheromones.
Indoda iyithola ngomkhondo wephunga. Izinyoka zigudlana. Owesilisa ubhucunga umzimba wenyoka ebambisene naye ngeziqalo zezitho zangemuva. Ukukhwelana kungumphumela wokuvuselelwa kokunye.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-python ziyi-oviparous. Owesifazane ulungisa isidleke - ukucindezeleka okwenziwe ngesitsha emhlabathini noma izinkuni ezibolile. Ukubeka kwenziwa izinyanga ezi-2-3 ngemuva kokukhwelana. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqanda anesikhumba. Ama-clutches wokuqopha afinyelela kumaqanda ayi-100, imvamisa icala likhawulelwa izingcezu ezingama-20-40.
Insikazi iqaphe i-clutch. Naphezu kokuthula kwawo, izinhlwathi ziyakwazi ukufudumeza inzalo, eboshwe ngamagobolondo. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa, imisipha yenyoka iqala ukushesha futhi ngokukhanyayo, ithuthumele. Umphumela walokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-contractile thermogenesis ubangelwa.
Insikazi ayidli phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela. Indoda ayibambi iqhaza kule nqubo. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, ama-python amancane ayazalwa. Abazali abahlanganyeli ekuphelelweni okuqhubekayo kwenzalo. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimo okulungile, ama-pythons angaphila iminyaka engama-25-35.
