I-Garfish — inhlanzi ngomzimba okhethekile, ohlangene. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umcibisholo ufishi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-garfish zitholakala emanzini ageza eNyakatho Afrika naseYurophu. Akuvamile eMedithera naseziLwandle eziMnyama.
Incazelo nezici
Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200-300 yokuphila kwabo, i-garfish ishintshe kancane. Umzimba uvulekile. Isiphongo siyisicaba. Imihlathi mide, ibukhali, ifana ne-stiletto blade. Umlomo, onamazinyo amaningi amancane, ukhuluma ngobunjalo bezinhlanzi.
Ekuqaleni, abaseYurophu babiza i-garfish ngokuthi "inhlanzi yenaliti". Kamuva leli gama lanamathela kubanikazi balo beqiniso abavela emndenini wenaliti. Ukufana kwangaphandle kwenaliti ne-garfish kusaholela ekudidekeni kwamagama.
Umgogodla omkhulu we-dorsal utholakala engxenyeni yesibili yomzimba, eduze komsila. Ingaqukatha imisebe esuka ku-11 kuye ku-43. Isiphetho se-caudal silingana, sinobungqingili. Ulayini we-lateral uqala kusukela kumaphiko we-pectoral. Igijima ngengxenye yomzimba womzimba. Kuphela emsileni.
Ngemuva kuluhlaza sasibhakabhaka, kumnyama. Izinhlangothi zimhlophe mpunga. Umzimba ongezansi ucishe ube mhlophe. Izikali ezincane, ezinama-cycloidal zinikeza inhlanzi insimbi, i-silvery sheen. Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngu-0.6 m, kepha bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. Ngobubanzi bomzimba obungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-0.1 Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ngaphandle kwe-garfish yengwenya.
Enye yezinto ezivelele zezinhlanzi umbala wamathambo: luhlaza okotshani. Lokhu kungenxa ye-pigment efana ne-biliverdin, engenye yemikhiqizo ye-metabolic. Inhlanzi ibonakala ngeplastiki yemvelo. Akafune kakhulu ukushisa namanzi anosawoti. Ububanzi bayo abufaki nje kuphela izilwandle ezisendaweni eshisayo, kepha futhi namanzi ageza iScandinavia.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-garfish zikhetha ukuba khona komhlambi kunokuba wedwa. Ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwemini zihamba ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-30-50. Kusihlwa ziphakama zicishe zifinyelele khona kanye ebusweni.
Izinhlobo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo kufaka phakathi imikhakha emihlanu kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 zezinhlanzi ze-garfish.
- I-European garfish yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-garfish ejwayelekile noma ye-Atlantic. EYurophu i-garfish esithombeni ibukeka njengenhlanzi yenaliti enomlomo omude, onamazinyo.
I-garfish ejwayelekile, eza eNyakatho Sea ukuzondla ehlobo, ibonakala ngokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Izikole zale nhlanzi ekuqaleni kwekwindla ziya emanzini afudumele ogwini lwaseNyakatho Afrika.
- ISargan uLwandle Olumnyama - ama-subspecies we-garfish evamile.
Le yikhophi elincanyana le-garfish yaseYurophu. Ifinyelela kubude obungu-0.6 m. Ama-subspecies ahlali nje kuphela eMnyama, kepha naseLwandle i-Azov.
- I-garfish yengwenya iphethe irekhodi ngobukhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zayo.
Ubude be-1.5 m bujwayelekile kule nhlanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula zifike kumamitha ama-2. Azingeni emanzini apholile. Ukhetha izindawo ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba.
Kusihlwa nasebusuku, inhlanzi idonswa ukukhanya okuvela emalambini awela phezu kwamanzi. Usebenzisa lesi sici, uyahlela ukudoba nge-sargan ebusuku ngokukhanya kwezibani.
- I-Ribbon garfish. Uyi-garfish enombala, eyisicaba.
Ifinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude futhi icishe ibe ngu-5 kg ngesisindo. Kutholakala olwandle lonke. Kuphela emanzini afudumele. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi eduze kweziqhingi, iziziba, ulwandle.
- I-garfish yaseMpumalanga Ekude.
Kutholwe ngasogwini lwaseChina, emanzini eziqhingi zaseHonshu, eHokaido. Ehlobo, lisondela ogwini lwaseRussia oluseMpumalanga Ekude. Inhlanzi iphakathi nendawo ngosayizi olinganiselwa ku-0.9 m. Into ehlukile yimivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaceleni.
- Umsila omnyama noma i-garfish emnyama.
Wazi kahle ulwandle oluzungeze iNingizimu Asia. Igcina isondele ogwini. Inesici esithandekayo: kumaza aphansi, i-garfish iyazimbela emhlabathini. Ukujula ngokwanele: kufinyelela ku-0.5 m. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba usinde ekwehleni okuphelele kwamanzi emanzini amancane.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zasolwandle, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamanzi ahlanzekile. Bonke bahlala emifuleni eshisayo yaseNdiya, eCeylon, naseNingizimu Melika. Indlela yabo yokuphila ayihlukile kozakwabo basolwandle. Izilwane ezifanayo ezihlasela noma yiziphi izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuhlasela kwempahla kwenziwa ngokuqamekela, ngejubane elikhulu. Zihlelwe ngemihlambi emincane. Zincane kunezihlobo zazo zasolwandle: azidluli ku-0.7 m.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
USargan ungumdli ongakhethi. Ukuhlasela ngesivinini esikhulu uhlobo oluphambili lokuhlaselwa kule nhlanzi. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zikhetha ukuba wedwa. Izisulu zilindele ukuqamekela. Umakhelwane ngohlobo lwawo uqobo udala ukuncintisana okungenasidingo endaweni yezimvu futhi usongela ngokushayisana okukhulu kuze kudliwe ophikisana naye.
Izinhlobo eziphakathi nezincane zakha imihlambi. Indlela yokuphila ehlangene isiza ekuzingeleni ngokuyimpumelelo futhi yandisa amathuba okulondoloza impilo yabo. I-garfish yasemanzini angenasawoti itholakala kuma-aquariums asekhaya. Kepha kuphela ama-aquarist afanelekayo angaziqhayisa ngokugcina izinhlanzi ezingavamile.
Ekhaya, i-garfish ayikhuli ngaphezu kwe-0.3 m, kepha-ke, isikole senhlanzi emise okomcibisholo wesiliva sidinga inani elikhulu lamanzi. Ingakhombisa ubunjalo bayo bokudla futhi idle omakhelwane endaweni yokuhlala.
Lapho ugcina i-aquarium yasemanzini angenasawoti, kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ne-asidi. I-thermometer kufanele ikhombise ama-22-28 ° C, umhloli we-asidi - 6.9… 7.4 pH. Ukudla kwe-aquarium garfish kufana nesimo sabo - lezi izingcezu zezinhlanzi, ukudla okuphilayo: ama-bloodworms, ama-shrimps, onoshobishobi.
I-Arrowfish ibuye ikhombise uthando lokugxuma lapho igcinwe ekhaya. Lapho unakekela i-aquarium, uyethuka, angagxuma aphume emanzini futhi alimaze umuntu ngoqhwaku olubukhali. Ukucija, isivinini esiphonsayo ngesinye isikhathi kulimaza inhlanzi uqobo: yephula izinhlangothi, njengezimpintshi ezincanyana, imihlathi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Sargan idla izinhlanzi ezincane, izibungu ze-mollusk, ezingenamgogodla. Izibazi ze-garfish zilandela izikole zezilwane ezingaba yisisulu, isibonelo, i-anchovy, i-mullet yentsha. Ama-Bocoplavas namanye ama-crustaceans yinto ehlala njalo ekudleni kwe-arrowfish. I-Garfish icosha izinambuzane ezinkulu eziwile ezisemanzini. Amaqembu e-garfish ahamba emva kwemihlambi yezilwane zasolwandle ezincane. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ukusuka ekujuleni kuye ngaphezulu - ukuzulazula nsuku zonke.
- Ukusuka ogwini kuya olwandle oluvulekile - ukufuduka kwesizini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuya ngohlobo, i-garfish iqala ukuzala ineminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu ubudala. Ngentwasahlobo, njengoba amanzi efudumala, isitokisi esizalanayo sisondela ogwini. EMedithera, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi. Enyakatho - ngoMeyi.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-garfish sinwetshwa ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuphakama kokuzala kuphakathi nehlobo. Izinhlanzi zikubekezelela ukushintshashintsha kokushisa kwamanzi nosawoti. Izinguquko zesimo sezulu zinomthelela omncane ekuvezeni umsebenzi nemiphumela.
Izikole zezinhlanzi zisondela ngasogwini lolwandle. Ukuzalela kuqala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-15. Owesifazane osekhulile ubeka izinhlanzi ezingama-30-50 ezizayo ngokuzala okukodwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa endaweni ene-algae, amadiphozi edwala noma amadwala emifula.
I-Sargan caviar eyindilinga, enkulu: 2.7-3.5 mm ububanzi. Kunokuphuma kwegobolondo lesibili - imicu emide enamathele ngokulinganayo isatshalaliswa ebusweni bonke. Ngosizo lwemicu, amaqanda anamathelwa ezimileni ezizungezile noma ezakhiweni zamatshe amatshe namatshe angaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukukhula kombungu kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-12-14. Ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka ikakhulu ebusuku. Amafry azalwe acishe akhiwa ngokuphelele. Ubude be-garfish yentsha bungu-9-15 mm. Isikhuphasha sefry sincane. Kukhona umlomo onemihlathi, kepha awuthuthukile kahle.
Umhlathi ongezansi uphumele phambili ngokugqamile phambili. Ama-gill asebenza ngokuphelele. Amehlo anezinhlamvu avumela ukuthosa ukuzulazula ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Imisebe imakwa emaphikweni. Amaphiko we-caudal ne-dorsal awakhuliswanga ngokuphelele, kepha i-fry ihamba ngokushesha nangokuhlukahluka.
UMaleki unombala onsundu. Ama-melanophores amakhulu ahlakazekile emzimbeni wonke. Izinsuku ezintathu gazinga londla okuqukethwe kwisikhwama se-yolk. Kowesine, iya emandleni angaphandle. Ukudla kufaka phakathi izibungu zama-bivalves nama-gastropods.
Intengo
ECrimea, izindawo zokuhlala oLwandle Olumnyama, ukuhweba nge-garfish kwandile ezimakethe nasezitolo. Ezitolo ezinkulu zamaketanga neziku-inthanethi, i-Black Sea garfish ithengiswa iqandisiwe, ibanda. Sinikela nge-garfish ebhemayo elungele ukudliwa. Intengo incike endaweni okuthengiswa kuyo nohlobo lwenhlanzi. Ingakhuphukela kuma-ruble angama-400-700 ngekhilogremu ngalinye.
Inyama yeSargan inokunambitheka okuhle nenani lokudla okunempilo eliqinisekisiwe. Ama-Omega acids anomthelela omuhle empilweni yomuntu nasekubukekeni. Ubuningi be-iodine bunomphumela omuhle endlaleni yegilo nasemzimbeni wonkana.
Ukuthokoza komlobi uKuprin kwaziwa kahle. Abadobi abavakashile, eduze nase-Odessa, wanambitha isidlo esibizwa nge- "shkara". Ngesandla esincane se-classic yaseRussia, imiqulu ye-garfish ethosiwe isuke ekudleni komdobi okulula yakwenza kwaba yisibiliboco.
Impilo yasolwandle ayisebenziswanga ukuthosa kuphela. Ukushisa okubandayo nokubanda okubandayo kanye ne-garfish kudume kakhulu. I-garfish ebhemayo izobiza cishe ama-ruble angama-500 ngekhilogremu kubathandi bokudla okulula kwezinhlanzi.
Ukubamba i-garfish
AmaSargans ngamabanga amafushane angashesha afike kuma-60 km / h. Ukubamba izisulu zabo noma ukugwema ababasukelayo, i-garfish yeqa emanzini. Ngosizo lokugxuma, kufinyelelwa isivinini esikhulu kakhulu futhi kunqotshwe izithiyo.
USargan, ngemuva kokugxuma, angagcina esikebheni sokudoba. Kwesinye isikhathi, le nhlanzi iphila ngokuphelele egameni layo eliphakathi: umcibisholo ufishi. Njengoba kufanele umcibisholo, i-garfish inamathela kumuntu. Ekuhlanganisweni okuyishwa kwezimo, ukulimala kungaba kubi kakhulu.
AmaSargans, ngokungafani noshaka, awabalimazi ngamabomu abantu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibalo sokulimala okwenziwe yi-garfish sidlula isibalo sokulimala okubangelwa oshaka. Lokho wukuthi, ukudotshwa kwezimfundamakhwela ngesikebhe akukhona ukuzijabulisa okunjalo okungenangozi.
Entwasahlobo, i-garfish isondela ngasogwini. Kuyenzeka ukuthi udobe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imikhumbi yamanzi. Induku yokudada ingasetshenziswa ukubhekana nayo. Imichilo yenhlanzi noma inyama yenkukhu isebenza njengodobo.
Ekubunjweni kwesithiyelo sebanga elide, basebenzisa induku yokuphotha kanye nohlobo lokuntanta - ibhomu. Ukuphotha ngenduku engamamitha ayi-3-4 kanye ne-bombard kwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukuzama inhlanhla yakho ebangeni elikude kakhulu nogu kunentonga yokuntanta.
Ukuphotha kungasetshenziswa ngendlela yendabuko: ngesipuni. Lapho kukhona isikebhe noma isikebhe esinenjini, amathuba omdobi nokusebenza kokudoba kwanda kakhulu. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa ukubhekana okubizwa nge- "nguzwilakhe".
Izinhlanzi eziningi ezidlayo zinikezwa inqwaba yemicu enemibala esikhundleni sesiheho. Lapho kubanjwa i-garfish, umashiqela ongenayo ingwegwe uyasetshenziswa. Inhlanzi ibamba inqwaba yemicu ukulingisa udobo. Amazinyo aso amancane, abukhali abanjwa yimicu yendwangu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlanzi ziyabanjwa.
Ngaphezu kokudoba amateur, kukhona nokudoba ngemicibisholo kwezohwebo. Emanzini aseRussia, amanani amancane we ISargan yoLwandle Olumnyama... ENhlonhlweni YaseKorea, ezilwandle ezigeza iJapan, China, Vietnam, i-garfish iyinto ebalulekile embonini yokudoba.
Amanetha nezingwegwe zokuloba zisetshenziswa njengamathuluzi okudoba. Umkhiqizo wezinhlanzi emhlabeni jikelele ulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-80 ngonyaka. Isabelo se-garfish kuleli nani asidluli ku-0.1%.
