Ukuze abathandi abaningi be-entomology babone uvemvane apollo - iphupho elithandekayo, yize kuze kube muva nje litholakale emahlathini ompayini owomile enkabeni yeRussia. Isazi semvelo esidumile uLB Stekolnikov wanikezela inkondlo kuye.
Igama livela kunkulunkulu wamaGrikhi wobuhle u-Apollo futhi ngesizathu esizwakalayo - ubuhle besinambuzane ngeke bushiye noma ngubani engenandaba. Futhi uvemvane luvela egameni lesiSlavic elithi "gogo", bekukholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabesifazane abafile iyandiza.
Incazelo nezici
Igama lesiLatin: Parnassius appollo
- Uhlobo: ama-arthropods;
- Isigaba: izinambuzane;
- I-oda: Lepidoptera;
- Uhlobo: Parnassius;
- Buka: Apollo.
Umzimba uhlukaniswe ikhanda, isifuba nesisu, okuqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye. Amathambo angaphandle ayisembozo esiqinile se-chitinous esivikela emathonyeni angaphandle.
I-Lepidopterology yingxenye ye-entomology efunda i-lepidoptera.
Amehlo we-Convex (ama-sclerites womlomo wesibeletho) wohlobo olunezinhlangothi, aqukethe inani elikhulu lamalensi, ukukhipha ukukhanya kulo lonke uzungezo, odokotela bezinambuzane babalelwa ku-27 000 wabo. Amehlo, athatha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zekhanda, aklanywe yi-corolla yezinwele ezinhle. Kukholakala ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala, kepha kungakanani abazi ngokuqinisekile.
Izitho zomqondo ze-Antennae ezihlukanisa iphunga nokunyakaza komoya, zibamba iqhaza ekugcineni ibhalansi ngesikhathi sendiza. Abesilisa banezimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Imihlathi eguqulwe ngokuqinile iguqulwa ibe yiproboscis ngesimo sethubhu eligingqiwe laba umqulu. Igobolondo langaphakathi le-proboscis limbozwe nge-cilia encane entekenteke ukuthola ukunambitheka kuketshezi. Isinambuzane sinemilenze eyisithupha enezinzipho, kunezimbobo zokuzwa.
Izimpiko ezinkulu ngobude zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye, ziwukhilimu, ziyaguquguquka zinamabala abomvu ezimpikweni ezingezansi futhi zimnyama ngaphezulu. Amabala abomvu azungezwe umugqa omnyama, kwezinye izinhlobo ziyindilinga, kokunye ziyisikwele.
Iphethini lamaphiko angezansi lakhiwe uboya obumhlophe obukhulu; esiswini esimnyama esicwebezelayo, izinwele ezifanayo ziyaqaqeka njengezinwele. Imiphetho engenhla yamaphiko yakhelwe ngomphetho obanzi ompunga; izindawo ezimpunga eziphaphathekile zisakazeke yonke iphiko.
Emithanjeni yamaphiko aphezulu nangaphansi kunesikali se-chitinous esenziwe ngoboya obuyisicaba, ngasinye siqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwe-pigment, olubhekele iphethini ebalazweni lempiko. Ukundiza kungahambisana nokushaya amaphiko noma ukuntanta uye phezulu emoyeni oshisayo. Umbala wenza u-Apollo abe uvemvane oluchazayo nolumangalisayo ngokumangalisayo. Uma zibukeka zintekenteke kakhulu, zingaphila ezimweni ezinzima.
Amacimbi amancane amnyama, engxenyeni ngayinye yomzimba kunamabala akhanyayo, emigqeni emibili, okuvela kuwo izinhlayiya zezinwele ezimnyama. Amacimbi amadala anombala omuhle omnyama onemigqa ephindwe kabili yamachashazi abomvu emzimbeni wonke kanye nezinsumpa ezimpunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ekhanda kunezimbobo ezimbili zokuphefumula nophondo olufihlekile, olukhula uma kunengozi, likhiphe iphunga elinyanyekayo elingathandeki. Unamabhangqa amathathu wesifuba nemilenze emihlanu yesisu - eminyene enezingwegwe ezithombeni. Umbala ogqamile okhombisa ukwesaba uvikela izitha, ngaphezu kwalokho, amacimbi anoboya, ngakho-ke izinyoni eziningi azizingeli, kuphela izinkukhu eziwadlayo.
Ngaphambi kokufundelwa, isibungu siqala ukukhathazeka kakhulu, sihambe ngokushesha, sifune indawo yokukhosela, kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo nasemigwaqweni. Lapho esethole indawo efanelekayo, uqala ukuluka umfece, aqale aluke ama-cobwebs amaningana ngesisekelo se-capsule, bese eqhubeka nokweluka okuqinile kuze kutholakale indlu eqinile, eqinile esigabeni esilandelayo sokukhula komuntu.
Isibungu esidala sovemvane i-Apollo simnyama sinamabala abomvu
Iziphungumangathi zimbozwe ngesembozo esimnandi, lapho ngokushesha ngemuva kokugoqwa ngezicubu, izinhlaka zovemvane ziqala ukuvela, i-proboscis icace bha, izinhlaka zamaphiko nezamehlo zesikhathi esizayo ziyabonakala. Izindandatho zengxenye engemuva yesiphungumangathi kuphela ezihambayo.
U-Apollo Butterfly Pupa
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo zezimvemvane u-Apollo
- UDemokratus krulikovski - uhlala eMiddle Urals nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, yaqala ukutholwa ngo-1906;
- IMingardi Sheljuzhko iyi-subspecies enkulu kakhulu ehlala ezifundeni ezinamahlathi aseWestern Siberia, izinhlobo zahlukaniswa ngo-1924;
- ILimikola Stichel - 1906, iMigwaqo Ephakathi NaseNingizimu - etholakala emagqumeni;
- UCiscucasius Shelijuzhko - uhlala eGreater Caucasus Range, eyatholakala ngo-1924;
- IBreitfussi Brik - izinhlobo eziningana zitholakala eNhlonhlweni YaseCrimea, ngo-1914;
- I-Alpheraki Krulivski - indawo yokusabalalisa - intaba i-Altai, 1906;
- USibirius Nordmann - izinkangala zaseSayan, izindawo eziphansi zangaphambi kweBaikal, unyaka wokutholwa kuka-1851;
- UHesebolus Nordmann - iMongolia, izindawo zeBaikal, empumalanga yeSiberia, 1851;
- I-Merzbacheri - izinhlobo phakathi kwezimbali zaseKyrgyz;
- Parnassius Mnemosine - uvemvane omnyama i-Apollo;
- ICarpathicus Rebel et Rogenhofer - Indawo yaseCarpathia, 1892;
- Ama-subspecies amaningana atholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba zasePyrenees nase-Alps.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Abantu bahola indlela yokuphila, ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala i-Apollo yehle kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezinambuzane ngabantu. Umsebenzi wezomnotho ubhubhisa izitshalo ezikhona ezilungele ukudla amacimbi ezinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunomthelela omubi kulo lonke uhlobo lwezinambuzane.
Izizathu zokwehla kwezifunda zokuhlala:
- Ukulima kwezindawo;
- Izinhlanga ezivuthayo;
- Ukudla kwemfuyo emadlazini lapho kuhlala khona u-Apollo;
- Ukutshalwa kwezwe elimnyama;
- Ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba.
Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekuqhamukeni kokuqala kwamacimbi, abulawa yiqhwa nokuntuleka kokudla, ngaphandle kokuqeda umjikelezo we-metamorphosis.
Umkhakha wokusabalalisa:
- Izifunda zezintaba ze-Urals;
- ENtshonalanga yeSiberia;
- Ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan;
- EMpumalanga Ekude;
- I-America esenyakatho;
- Izimfunda ze-Alpine.
Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4000, azikaze zehle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Udlani uvemvane i-Apollo? Ake sikuthole lokhu. Abantu abadala badla umpe wezimbali, kepha ukuthola i-sodium trace edingekayo bahlala odakeni olumanzi, bakhothe usawoti. Amalahle aluhlaza, izithukuthuku zomuntu, umchamo wezilwane umele umthombo wezinto ezilandelwayo. Ikakhulukazi abesilisa bavame ukuhlangana ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izithasiselo ezidingekayo.
Amaqanda abekwa ezitshalweni isibungu esizodla kuso kamuva, yilezi:
- I-sedum iyimbangela;
- I-sedum imhlophe;
- Uphephuli;
- I-grate yentaba enameva;
- I-sedum iyinhlanganisela;
- Oregano ezejwayelekile;
- Umbala we-cornflower;
- I-Meadow clover;
- Intsha idliwa ezintabeni zase-Alps.
Amacimbi adla lapho ilanga libalele, ancamela ukucasha otshanini obomile lapho izulu lina futhi liguqubele. Iziphungumangathi zizondla ngaphakathi, azinawo umlomo wangaphandle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesilisa, abalungele ukukhwelana, baxosha zonke izimbangi endaweni yabo, kwesinye isikhathi izinyosi, iminyovu. Ubudlelwano bomshado e-Apollo bumi kanje: abesifazane bakhipha ama-pheromones - izinto ezikhethekile ezinamakha eziheha owesilisa.
Uthola intokazi ngephunga alithandayo futhi imidanso yomshado iyaqala. Owesilisa ukhombisa isithunzi sakhe ngokunyakaza, ukuthi mkhulu kangakanani, izimpiko zinkulu kakhulu, uthinta izinwele zowesifazane ngezinwele zakhe esiswini, ekhipha iphunga elimnandi
Ekupheleni kocansi, owesilisa uvala isisu sowesifazane ngophawu lwe-sphragis, ukuze kukhishwe ukuvundiswa okuphindaphindwayo - uhlobo olunjalo lwebhande lobumsulwa.
Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukushaya amaphiko akhe ngesigqi, awavule akhombise amehlo abomvu engxenyeni engezansi. Ihambisa izimpondo ezinezimpondo, uma owesifazane evuma ukukhwelana, bese uhlala phansi eduze kwakhe.
Undiza amzungeze futhi ahlangane naye endizeni, amafomu okukhula (i-sphragis noma ukugcwalisa) onqenqemeni lwesisu ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Ukukhwelana kuthatha imizuzu engama-20, lo mbhangqwana uchitha lesi sikhathi unganyakazi, uhleli esihlahleni.
Ama-Metamorphoses wemijikelezo yokuphila:
- Isiteji samaqanda - insikazi izalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-1000, ngamaqembu amaqanda ayi-10-15, ezindaweni eziningana, ewanamathisela eshidini ngezimfihlo ezivela esihlokweni sesisu. Igobolondo lamaqanda liminyene, i-mucus iyaqina, kwakheka isivikelo esiqinile, njengesembozo se-chitinous.
- Isigaba sesibungu - isibungu sikhasa siphuma eqandeni, ngokushesha siqala ukuququda iqabunga elazalelwa kulo. Esikhundleni somlomo, unezinsimbi zokugaya kanye nezindlala ezimbili zamathe, uketshezi olufihlwa yilezi zindlala lubanda emoyeni, lwenze ubulembu. Ekupheleni komjikelezo wesibungu, ikhipha iwebhu, iqale ukuyigoqa ukuze iphenduke isiphungumangathi.
- Isigaba sabafundi - kuvamise ukuba yiqhwa, ukulala ubusika. Inamathiselwe esihlahleni noma eqabungeni, ayijwayele ukusongwa ngeqabunga. Kuqala kuba ubulembu obumhlophe ngombala, bese buqina bese bugcwele ukuqhuma okumhlophe. Ngokubuka, uhlaka lwevemvane lesikhathi esizayo luqala ukubonakala phezulu. Ngaphakathi, okungabonakali kweso, i-histolysis iyenzeka - inqubo yokuqedwa komzimba wesibungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-histogenesis iqala - ukwakheka kwezitho zovemvane wesikhathi esizayo, amathambo ayo, izitho zemizwa, amaphiko kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Zombili izinqubo zisebenza ngokufana.
- Imago - kuphuma isikebhe esidala, sithambile, amaphiko agoqiwe futhi afinyeziwe. Ngempela kungakapheli amahora amabili, amaphiko enwetshiwe, aqine, ageze, aqondise izimpondo zakhe kanye ne-proboscis. Manje isiyakwazi ukundiza nokuzala, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngoJulayi-Agasti!
Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okujulile kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwendawo yokuhlala U-Apollo ojwayelekile, ukunyamalala kwama-subspecies athile. Kubhalwe kuRed Book le-International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN, eRussian, Belarusian, Ukraine Red Data Books.
Ezinye izifunda zaseRussia zingene ezincwadini zendawo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo - iSmolensk, iTambov neMoscow, iChuvashia, iMordovia. I-Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve yayihileleke ekubuyiseleni imikhumbi ka-Apollo, kodwa ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwama-biotopes, umsebenzi awunikezi imiphumela oyifunayo.
