I-Saker Falcon ukuphela kokhokho abakwazi ukubamba insikazi. Zonke izinyoni zalo myalelo, lapho zizama ukuhlasela umdlalo omkhulu, zaphula i-sternum. Ukuhamba kwalo mzingeli ohloniphekile kuyashesha futhi kupholishiwe, kodwa hhayi njengombani osheshayo njengalezo zezihlobo zakhe, okunikeza amathuba amaningi okuhamba. Muhle, unomusa futhi uyingozi kakhulu ekuzingeleni.
Incazelo nezici
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zamathoni wezimpaphe, okumpunga okukhanyayo ngezansi nobomvu onsundu ngenhla kuyanqoba. Abasiki abancane nabadala banemibala ekhanyayo. Emahlombe nasemaphikweni kunamabala anqamulelayo anombala ocher.
I-wax, izidladla namasongo angenazimpiko azungeze amehlo ezilwane ezincane mpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Umlomo oqinile, ogobile wombala ofanayo, omnyama ekugcineni. Njengoba iSaker Falcon ikhula, umbala kulezi zindawo, ngaphandle komlomo, uphenduka uphuzi.
Izinyoni zithola ingubo yazo yokugcina unomphela ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala ephelele, eyenzeka ngonyaka nohhafu. Iqala ngoMeyi futhi ihlala izinyanga eziyi-5. Iphiko lingama-37-42 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-24. Ubude bomzimba bungaphezulu kancane kwesigamu semitha. Isithombe seBalaban ayihlukile ngokukhanya, kepha ukubukeka kuqinile futhi kuhle.
Usayizi uphansi kancane kune-gyrfalcon. Lapho indiza, yehlukile kunkohliso ngosayizi wayo omkhulu womsila, amaphiko. Abesifazane banesisindo esingu-1.3 kg, abesilisa 1 kg. Le nyoni ngesisindo sayo esezingeni nosayizi kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ukhozi lwegolide balaban... Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ukhozi olunguGolide lukhulu kunalo lonke olwe-falconry, ngaphandle kwabafuneki. Isisindo sayo sikhulu kane kuneSaker Falcon. Ihlukile kunkohliso weparegrine ngokungabikho kwemivimbo emnyama egijima entanyeni.
Ukushaya akuvamile ngesikhathi sendiza. Inyoni ishibilika futhi indiza isikhathi eside ngosizo lwemifudlana edlulayo. Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane ngosayizi abancane, izimpaphe ziyafana. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana, ubungozi, i-Saker Falcon ikhipha imisindo ehlukahlukene futhi ihearse trills. Ngokuyisisekelo i- "hack" ebuthuntu nenokhahlo, "heck" ne "boo".
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-balabans, ezihlukile ezindaweni zokuhlala nezimpaphe:
- I-Sakeran Saker Falcon
Amachashazi aphuzi anezinsimbi zangemuva ensundu enza iziphambano. Ikhanda nalo limnyama, kepha likhanya ngamathoni ambalwa, lihlotshiswe ngemigqa emnyama. Isisu simhlophe ngokuphuzi. Izinhlangothi, izimpaphe zemilenze zilula ngephethini elibizwa kancane.
Uhlala ezifundeni zezintaba zeCentral Siberia.
- Ukhozi lweSaker
Umzimba ophezulu unombala onsundu. Izimpaphe emaphethelweni zine-ocher enemibala. Inhloko ihlukaniswa yithoni ekhanyayo empunga ngokunsundu ngemigqa emnyama. Entanyeni i-balaban ejwayelekile lokho okuthiwa amadevu akubonakali kahle. Esiswini esimhlophe kunamabala amnyama amise okwe-teardrop. Ngaphansi komsila, ezinhlangothini, izimpaphe ziyi-monochromatic.
Inani labantu litholakala eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeSiberia, eKazakhstan.
- I-Turkecan Saker Falcon
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, umbala weTurkestan Saker Falcon, ohlala e-Asia Ephakathi, unamathoni agcwele kakhulu. Ikhanda elibomvu ngokubomvu lidlulela ezimpapheni ezinsundu ezimpunga zangemuva nomsila ezinamaphethini abonakala ngokusobala.
- I-Mongolian Saker Falcon
Ikhanda elikhanyayo ligqame ngemuva ngemuva komhlane onsundu ngezinsimbi eziwela. "Amabhulukwe" nezinhlangothi kuhlotshiswe ngephethini yemivimbo emnyama namabala. UMongolian Saker Falcon uhlala eTransbaikalia, eMongolia.
- I-Altai Saker Falcon
Ngosayizi, abameleli bezinhlobo zezinto ezifana ne-balaban ejwayelekile, efanayo enkulu. Ikhanda limnyama, umbala womzimba unsundu onsundu nge-tint empunga esifundeni se-lumbar. Kunemivimbo ephikisanayo eveziwe ezinhlangothini zemilenze nezinhlangothi. Indawo yokusabalalisa ifaka izindawo ezinezintaba zase-Altai naseSayan ezise-Asia Ephakathi.
- I-Aralokaspian saker falcon
Uhlala eNtshonalanga Kazakhstan esiqhingini saseMangyshlak, ugqama ngomhlane okhanyayo, onsundu onemicu evundlile. Isinqe simpunga, futhi "amabhulukwe" nezinhlangothi kuhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama yobude.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Saker Falcon itholakala kuyo yonke iCentral kanye ne-Asia Minor, i-Armenia, iSouth Siberia, neKazakhstan. Bambalwa abantu abake babonwa eHungary naseRomania. Izindawo zokuhlala zihlala zikhethiwe zivulekile ngamawa aseduzane noma emaphethelweni ehlathi.
Izintaba ezihamba ngezintaba zizulazula zibheke phezulu, ezisezansi zindiza ziye ogwini lwaseMedithera, ziye eChina, eNdiya. Ambalwa amaqembu abonakala ngisho nase-Ethiopia nase-Egypt. AmaSaker Falcons ezifunda eziseningizimu ahlalisiwe. Ngokushoda kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke, izinyoni zizakha ezisekelweni zezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu, amabhuloho wesitimela.
Bathanda ukuhlala phakathi kwezindwandwe, kepha ososayensi abakazifundi izinzuzo zokuhlala ndawonye. Izinduna kufanele ziqwashise ama-falconry engozini.
I-Saker Falcon iqala ukuzingela ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa, ihlezi phezulu esihlahleni esizimele, edwaleni ledwala, noma izulazula phezu kwethafa. Lapho ibona into efanelekayo, ihamba phezu kwesisulu lapho indiza. Yehlela phansi ngejubane elikhulu noma ibamba inyamazane endizeni enezingqimba.
Ngalesi sikhathi, awuzwakali umsindo nxazonke. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zicashe ezindaweni zokukhosela, zilindele ingozi. I-Saker Falcon ayikwazi nje ukushesha phansi ngemuva kokudla inyamazane, kepha futhi nokuyilandela njengokhozi olusensimini evulekile noma ehlathini. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela kuhlale kuphumelela.
Ibamba inyamazane ngozipho lwayo, ukhozi luyiyisa endaweni eyomile, ephakeme, lapho iqala khona ukudla kwayo. Ukushisa kosuku kulinda esihlahleni emthunzini womqhele. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, indiza ihambe ebusuku.
Izindawo zokuzingela zombili ngazinye zisatshalaliswa amakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka esidlekeni. Iqiniso lokuthi iSaker Falcon ayitholi nyama eduze nendawo yokuhlala isetshenziswa izinyoni ezincane. Zihlala ngokuthula futhi zizalane endaweni, zizizwe zivikelekile. Abakhohlisi abanolwazi bathi iSaker Falcon ingaqeqeshwa ukuzingela okuphethwe ngesandla emasontweni amabili.
Umnikazi kuqala kwakho konke usungula isibopho esiqinile esingabonakali nenyoni. Ukuze benze lokhu, bambamba ngesandla kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bamphathe ngezicucu zenyama. Ukuqeqeshwa kwePheasant kuqala ngesikhathi sokubuthwa kwentsha. Amakhono okuzingela namakhono azokhula nawo.
Ukuzingela imidlalo, bathatha amatshwele asekhaya esidlekeni noma amantshontsho. Bambalwa abangakwazi ukuthambisa i-balaban yabantu abadala. Bafundisa ukubamba umdlalo hhayi kuphela esandleni, kodwa futhi nasendizeni. Esimweni sesibili, kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona izinja ezizingelayo. Kuqeqeshelwe uhlobo oluthile lwendebe. Kungaba inyoni noma isilwane sasendle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uhlu lwezinto zokuzingela Ukhozi lwe-balaban ama-ornithologists afunde ngezinsalela zokudla ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ama-pellets. Kwavela ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zisendaweni yokuqala ngokuthanda izinyoni:
- izingwejeje zomhlabathi ezimpunga nezibomvu;
- amagundane e-vole;
- ama-hamsters;
- ama-jerboas;
- hares abasha.
Ngaphezu kokudla amagundane aqeda izitshalo zezolimo, amaSaker Falcons adla izibankwa, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezincane neziphakathi nendawo. Ukhozi ubamba inyamazane endiza noma phansi.
Ukudla kuqukethe izinyoni zemindeni:
- njengejuba (ihobheva, ijuba lezinkuni);
- ama-corvids (jackdaw, jay, rook, magpie);
- idada (curlew, mallard, duck);
- izinyoni ezimnyama;
- i-pheasant (partridge).
Kokukhulu, amahansi, ama-bustard, izindwandwe, ama-bustard amancane abanjwa kuzipho ze-balaban. Isikhathi sokukhulisa inzalo sibonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwama-lark amaningi amancane, amagundane, athathwe ngabazali amakhilomitha ama-5-15 ukusuka endaweni yokwakha izidleke.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi, amandla okunakekela inzalo i-saker falcon ithola ngonyaka. Amabili amiswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, sonke isikhathi, abantu bahlala kude kude komunye nomunye. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, baqala ukufuna izidleke ezisezindaweni zemvelo emadwaleni amakhulu.
Ama-Saker Falcons, akhetha amahlathi asemahlathini, agoduka nawo amatshwele azayo avela kuma-buzzards, amagwababa, ama-kites, kwesinye isikhathi izinkozi, esezilungisile kancane.
Isikhathi esingangenyanga, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda abomvu amathathu kuya kwamahlanu anezinkukhu ezimnyama ezifakwe ngo-Ephreli. Ukuvela ngempumelelo kwamachwane kuncike emizameni yowesilisa. Kufanele anakekele intombi yakhe, ayondle kabili ngosuku, kwesinye isikhathi angene esikhundleni. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, iSaker Falcon ishiya imisebenzi yayo, isidleke sizoshiywa.
Amachwane achanyuswayo ambozwe ngobuncane obumhlophe phansi. Ama-paw, uqhwaku kanye nendawo yamehlo mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abazali bondla inzalo ngezinyoni ezincane kanye namagundane inyanga nenyanga, kuze kufike lapho amantshontsho esephikweni. Izazi zezinyoni ziye zalinganisa ukuthi lapho zihlala esidlekeni, iphuphu elilodwa lidla kuze kufike kumakhilogremu amahlanu enyama.
Abazali abafundisi izilwane ezincane ukuzingela, banamakhono ezingeni lemvelo. Kukholakala ukuthi abantu abadala abazingeli izinyamazane eziseduze nezindawo zokwakha izidleke ukuze bakhe izinqolobane zokudla okokuqala ngqa. Amachwane aphuma esidlekeni ezinyangeni ezimbili, eqala impilo ezimele.
AmaSaker Falcons akha i-pair eyodwa iminyaka eminingana, inzalo ichanyuselwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-20. Abanye abantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu beqa iminyaka engama-28.I-Saker Falcon Encwadini Ebomvu I-RF isengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Amantshontsho ohlobo olungajwayelekile lwenyoni yasendle uSaker Falcon asabanjwa futhi akhuliswe ngabazingeli ngokukhohlisa. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke, isimo semvelo esingagculisi, ukwehliswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezingenabantu, kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi le nyoni yafakwa ku-Appendix 2 yemihlangano yaseBonn naseVienna, yavinjelwa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba njengenhlobo esengozini.
Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, inani lamaSaker Falcons eRussia lehle ngesigamu. Inani labantu selinyamalale ngokuphelele ePoland, e-Austria. Inyoni esenhlonhlweni yaseBalkan isiphenduke isivakashi esingajwayelekile.
Ukukhula kwamanani kunciphisa ukuncishiswa komthombo wabo wokudla oyinhloko - izimbila. I-marten iphula izidleke. Minyaka yonke, kuboshwa abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho abangaba ngamakhulu amabili emahhovisi okuhlola impahla eRussia naseKazakhstan, bezama ukushushumbisa amaSaker Falcons aphesheya ukuze abuyiselwe kubaphangi abangama-Arab.
E-Altai, azikho izindawo ezanele zokwakha izidleke phambi kwamakholoni ezimila. Izishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane zizama ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhulisa inani lezinyoni ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zokufakelwa ziyakhiwa, kuthi izidleke ezikhuliswe ezinkulisa zifakwa ezinyonini zasendle.
Balandelela ukuvuthwa kwabo futhi babondle uma kunesidingo.Yimithetho yokusebenza kuphela nemizamo yabantu abakhathalelayo lapho kuzokwazi ukusindisa uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwenyoni enhle eziqhoshayo yethimba le-falcon - iSaker Falcon.
