Ukhozi inokubukeka okudala komhlaseli onezimpaphe. Igama lenyoni lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini njengokhozi lwasolwandle. Ngempela, ufana kakhulu nokhozi. Kodwa akanazo izimpaphe ezandleni zakhe. Uqhwaku oluqinile. Kukhona ama-nuances esimweni samaphiko nomsila, okuwukwehluka kokwehlukana kwezindlela zokuzingela.
Awekho amagama ahlukene okhozi namakhozi esiNgisini. Zombili zibizwa ngokuthi ukhozi, okungukuthi, ukhozi.
Incazelo nezici
Ukhozi lungezinye zezidalwa ezinkulu ezidla izinyoni. Isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-7, kanti ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lungafinyelela kuma-9 kilograms. Ubukhulu obufanele: ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-120, ubude bephiko bube ngamasentimitha angama-75, amaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-250.
Ekhanda elincane, elihlanzekile, neligudlukayo, kunomlomo oyisibonelo wenyoni edla inyama. Inokuxhuma okuveziwe nombala ophuzi oyisixwayiso. Ubukhulu bomlomo (amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka kwesisekelo kuya kuchopho) kukhombisa ukuthi inyoni ithanda inyamazane enkulu. Ukufanisa uqhwaku, umbala wamehlo ajulile, nawo aphuzi. Intamo ivumela ikhanda ukuthi lizungeze cishe ama-degree angama-180.
Izimpiko zibanzi. Ngesikhathi sendiza, izimpaphe zokundiza zisakazeka ezinhlangothini, indawo yephiko yanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukonga futhi kube nempumelelo kwemisinga yomoya ephezulu.
Umsila omise okonjiwe usiza ukwenza imigilingwane eyindida, ecishe ifane ne-acrobatic. Isici sokhozi: izidladla zayo eziphuzi azimboziwe ngezimpaphe kuze kufike ezinzwaneni. Izinzwani zinombala ofanayo nezinyawo, ezingafika kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude, zigcina ngozipho ezinamandla eziboshwe.
Umbala ojwayelekile wezimpaphe unsundu ngemicu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala amhlophe abanzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba. Umbala wezimpaphe wehluka kakhulu ngobudala. Umbala uzinza kuphela ngeminyaka engu-8-10. Izimpaphe zokuqala zinombala onsundu ngokufanayo.
I-molt yesibili iletha ukuhlukahluka ngesimo se-splashes esimhlophe. I-molt yesithathu iyisinyathelo esiphakathi esiya emthunzini wokugcina. Umuntu omdala, umbala wokugcina utholakala kuphela ngemuva kwe-molt yesihlanu.
Le nyoni ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, kodwa ukukhala kwayo akwesabisi. Iphinda ikhiqize ukukhala nokushaya amakhwela. Iphimbo eliphakeme lingashintshwa ngumsindo ofana nokutshiyoza okubandayo. Ukukhala kwezinyoni ezincane kuzwakala ngokuzuma okukhulu.
Izinyoni azivamile ukushintshela ekukhulumisaneni komsindo. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho kushintshwa abalingani esidlekeni.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi umehluko ngosayizi wabesifazane nabesilisa. Kepha izinkozi zisukile emthethweni ojwayelekile wemvelo. Abesifazane babo bakhulu kunabesilisa (ngamaphesenti ayi-15-20).
Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ilungelo elincomekayo lokushiya inzalo alitholakali ngabesilisa abakhulu, kepha yilabo abangazingela inyamazane encane ngesikhathi sokondla amaphuphu.
Izinhlobo
Ngokusho komhleli wokwehlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukhozi (Haliaeetus) lungolomndeni omncane wegama elifanayo, izinkozi (Haliaeetinae), ezingabomndeni woKlebe, obangelwa ukuhleleka kophondo. Ososayensi bahlukanisa lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili.
- Okuvame kakhulu futhi okukodwa okukhulu kunakho konke ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe... Izazi zezilwane zikubiza ngokuthi yi-Haliaeetus albicilla. Igama libonisa isici esihlukile - umbala omhlophe womsila. Yenza izidleke eYurophu, e-Asia enyakatho yamaHimalaya, kufaka phakathi iJapan. Kutholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGreenland.
- Uphila futhi uzala izingane eNyakatho Melika ukhozi olunempandla. Igama lakhe lesiLatin nguHaliaeetus leucocephalus. Ngaphandle, umehluko ophawulekayo ubonakala egameni lakhe. Ukhozi lolu lunezimpaphe ezimhlophe ekhanda. Isisekelo sokudla kwakhe izinhlanzi. Isikhathi eside, ibibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingasekho. Kepha ukuphepha okuqinile kuzenzile.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, esikhundleni sesimo, abanyamalalayo bathola isimo sokuba sengozini. Kukhona ikhwalithi eyodwa eyingqayizivele - ayikho inyoni eMelika eyakha izidleke ezinkulu kangaka. Esisekelweni, bangafinyelela kumamitha ayi-4.
- Ukhozi olwandle lwaseSteller - izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ku-classifier ibizwa nge-Haliaeetus pelagicus. Ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude, kufaka phakathi iKoryak Highlands, iKamchatka, iSakhalin, inyakatho yeChina neNhlonhlo yaseKorea. Izimpaphe ezinsundu ezimnyama namabala amhlophe emahlombe yizici eziyinhloko zombala wazo. EMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, kunabantu abafinyelela ku-4,000, okubhekwa njengenombolo enhle yezinkozi zasolwandle.
- Ukhozi olunamabhande amhlophe lusatshalaliswa ogwini lwezwekazi naseziqhingini zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kusukela ogwini lwaseNdiya kuya ePhilippines, futhi kutholakala enyakatho ye-Australia. Kufakwe kusihlukanisi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Haliaeetus leucogaster. Le nyoni inemenyu ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ithanda kakhulu ukudla izidumbu kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. Abase-Australia kwesinye isikhathi bayamshayela ukhozi olubomvu ngenxa yezimpaphe ezinsundu zezinyoni ezisencane.
- Ukhozi olunomsila omude lunekhanda elimhlophe elimbozwe ngehood elikhanyayo ngokukhanyayo. Kuyaziwa yisayensi njengoHaliaeetus leucoryphus. Uhlala e-Asia Ephakathi, empumalanga ifinyelela eMongolia naseChina, eningizimu - eya eNdiya, ePakistan naseBurma.
- Ukhozi iScreamer ungowase-Afrika. Amandla akhe okwenza ukukhala okungavamile abonakala ngisho nasegama lesiLatini: Haliaeetus vocifer. Izala kulo lonke elase-Afrika ngaphandle kwaseSahara. Ingxenye yokuqala yegama lale nyoni, njengazo zonke izinkozi, ivela egameni lesiGreki sasendulo elisho ukhozi lwasolwandle. Ingxenye yesibili yegama lale nyoni yabiwa ngekhulu le-18 ngumhambi waseFrance uFrançois Levalan.
- IMadagascar Screamer Eagle iyisakhamuzi esiqhingini e-Indian Ocean. NgesiLatin ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Haliaeetus vociferoides. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezivamile. Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMadagascar. Akukaziwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lukhona manje. Ngo-1980, ososayensi babalwa ngamabili kuphela angama-25.
- Ukhozi lwaseSanford (Haliaeetus sanfordi) luzala amachwane eSolomon Islands. Ngezikhathi ezithile ibizwa ngobani bayo. Kuyinto endemic. Kuchazwe kuphela ngo-1935. Ngalesi sikhathi, uDkt Leonard Sanford wayengumphathi we-American Society for Natural History. Okokwakha isidleke, ithanda indawo yasogwini ekhuphuka kakhulu ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yezinkozi zasolwandle isuka eNyakatho Melika iye e-Australia, kufaka phakathi iGreenland, i-Afrika, iningi le-Eurasia, iMpumalanga Ekude, iJapan kanye neziqhingi zaseMalay Archipelago.
Izinyoni zihlala zihlala phansi, kepha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezimo ziyakwazi ukuzulazula. Lezi zimo zingaba: ubusika obunzima, ukwehla komdlalo, imisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu. Bese kuthi izinyoni ziqale ukuzulazula kokudla kwazo, zishintshe izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke.
Zonke izinhlobo zale nyoni zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi. Ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo, izinkozi ezimbili zidinga indawo enobude basogwini lwamakhilomitha ayi-10 nendawo ephelele yamahektha ayi-8.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube nenani elanele lezisulu ezingaba yisisulu. Esinye isimo sokukhetha indawo yokuhlala ukude nokuhlala kwabantu kanye nezindawo zezomnotho.
Izindawo ezinamathafa aseBare, izindawo eziwugwadule azihambelani nezinyoni noma ngabe kukhona amanzi amaningi aseduze. Amahlathi e-Coniferous futhi ahlanganisiwe, ukukhululeka okungalingani okuphenduka amatshe - indawo enjalo iheha izinyoni ukuhlela isidleke.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kunezinto eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko kwimenyu yokhozi. Okokuqala, lezi izinhlanzi ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo. Izinyoni zasemanzini noma izinyoni eziseduze kwamanzi nazo ziyizisulu ezamukelekile. Umdlalo wasemhlabeni osayizi abahlukahlukene kusuka kumagundane kuya ezimpungutwini kuyilokho okubhekiswe kulaba bazingeli. Abazideleli izilwane eziphila nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kusuka kumasele kuya ezinyokeni. Naphezu kwedumela lawo lokuzingela okuphumelelayo, izinkozi zijabulela izidumbu.
Ukudoba okuthakazelisayo ukhozi, okufanekiselwa nevidiyo ongayifunda ngokuningiliziwe ngalesi senzo esenziwe ngobuciko. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zilindile lapho zindiza noma ezihlahleni eziphakeme kakhulu.
I-Hover ingena esigabeni sendiza esebenzayo. Isidlakela sihlasela ngejubane elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-40-50 ngehora bese sicosha izinhlanzi ngezinzipho eziboshwe. Ukuhlasela okusheshayo nokunembile kuyenziwa ukhozi, inyoni ukwazile ukungamanzisi izimpaphe zakhe. Ukuhlaba nokudla izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe kungaqala ukubaleka.
Ngesikhathi izingela amadada, ukhozi luyehla izikhathi eziningana. Iphoqa izinyoni zamanzi ukuba zitshube ziphindelela. Ngenxa yalokho, isisulu sikhathele futhi asikwazi ukumelana naso. Umzingeli uhlasela ezinye izinyoni emoyeni.
Indiza isuka ezansi, ijike bese ishaya izinzipho zayo esifubeni sezilwane. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoni iyakhumbula - izimbangi azilele. Ukweba nokuncelisa ukudla kuyinsakavukela. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi awukona nje ukubamba inyoni noma inhlanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuyihambisa ngokushesha endaweni efihlekile ukuze idle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukungaguquguquki ebudlelwaneni nomlingani kungumthetho wezinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama. Akuhlukile ukhozi inyoni ukwenza izithandani impilo yakho yonke. Ukunamathela okunjalo kwabesifazane nabesilisa kuvame ukuveza insumansumane yokuthi lapho kufa inyoni eyodwa, kufa eyesibili. Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi inyoni esele ihlangana nomlingani wayo omusha.
Eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala, izinyoni sezikulungele ukunweba uhlobo. (Izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller ziqala ukuzala kamuva, lapho zineminyaka engu-7). Inqubo yokukhetha umlingani ayiqondakali kahle. Kepha ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, imibhangqwana iyakhiwa bese kuqala imidlalo yokukhwelana. Ziqukethe izindiza ezihlangene.
Izinyoni ziyasukelana, zenza ukuqubuka komoya nokunye ukunyakaza kwe-acrobatic. Kuvela ukuthi kube yisilinganiso esiphakathi kwempi yomoya ekhombisa nokudansa. Ukuqomisana akuhlali kuphela imibhangqwana esanda kudalwa, kodwa futhi naleyo ekhona.
Ngemuva kwemidlalo yomoya, sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela isidleke. Izithandani ezisencane zikhetha indawo bese zisetha indawo entsha yokucasha. Izinyoni ezinokuhlangenwe nakho komndeni zilungisa futhi zakhe esidlekeni esidala. Ihlala esihlahleni esikhulu noma edwaleni.
Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko zendawo yokuhlala zingamagatsha, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kugcwele utshani obomile. Ngesisekelo, indawo yokuhlala yenzalo ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ukuphakama kungabonakala (1-2 amamitha) futhi kuya ngenani lokulungiswa (superstructures) ezenziwe.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi wokulungisa nokwakha, izinyoni ziyahlangana. Ngokuvamile, insikazi izalela amaqanda amabili. Ukuqubuka kweqanda elilodwa noma amathathu kuyenzeka. Insikazi ihlala ifukamela. Kwesinye isikhathi ithathelwa indawo owesilisa.
Amachwane angenakuzisiza avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35-45. Insikazi ihlala esidlekeni ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15-20, ivikela futhi ifudumeze inzalo. Owesilisa uletha ukudla esidlekeni - lona ngumsebenzi wakhe omkhulu. Uma amatshwele amathathu echanyuselwa, encane iyafa, ngenxa yomncintiswano wokudla onamandla.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-2,5, izilwane ezincane ziqala ukuphuma esidlekeni. Ukundiza kwesinye isikhathi kufana nokuwa. Kulokhu, iphuphu liyahamba ngezinyawo, ngaphambi kokuba amaphiko aqiniswe ngokuphelele.
Izinkozi ezisencane ziba yizinyoni zangempela ezinyangeni ezi-3,5.5 kusukela lapho zizalwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezifanele, umbhangqwana oshadile ungandiza izizukulwane ezimbili ngenkathi eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokuphila semvelo yiminyaka engama-23-27. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi izinhlobo zezinkozi zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezimweni ezihluke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane yesikhathi sezinto ezenzeka empilweni yezinyoni ingahluka kakhulu.
Ngisho nezinkulungwane zabantu ngabanye ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe encwadini ebomvu ezisohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ezinye zezinkozi zicishe zaphela; ezinye zinganyamalala ngekhulu lama-21. Ngakho-ke, zivikelwe izifundazwe nezivumelwano zangaphakathi.
