U-Apollo - uvemvane oluhle ngendlela emangalisayo noluyingqayizivele. Ngokuvamile, ngokuya ngezici zayo zangaphandle, ayihlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-oda le-Lepidoptera. Lesi sinambuzane sehluka ngombala waso ohlukile. Ngokuvamile, izimvemvane yizilwane ezingavamile kakhulu. Izingane eziningi ziyathanda ukuzibamba ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa, kodwa khumbula ukuthi lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni yakhe. Umuntu angalimaza kalula amaphiko ezinambuzane ngephutha, okuzoholela ekuhlulekeni ukundiza.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Apollo
U-Apollo kukodwa igama elingajwayelekile kakhulu levemvane. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi igama elithile walinikwa ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaGrikhi, owayeyindodana kaZeus noLeto, umfowabo ka-Arthemisi nobuhle obumntwentwe ngokukhanya.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-Apollo ayihlukile kangako neLepidoptera ngosayizi wayo. Iphiko langaphambili ngokwesilinganiso lingamamilimitha angama-37 kuye kwangama-40 ubude. Amaphiko amaphiko womabili amaphiko avamise ukuba ngamamilimitha angama-75 kuya kwangama-80. Isibungu esidala singafinyelela usayizi wamasentimitha ama-5 kuze kufike esigabeni secocoon.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: owesilisa mncane kunowesifazane. Umuntu wesifazane ufinyelela kusuka kumamilimitha angama-83 kuya kwangama-86
Lolu hlobo cishe lwaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwezimvemvane kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwayo iParnassius.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Apollo
U-Apollo - uvemvane olunokubukeka okungavamile kanye nezici zalo. Esinambuzaneni, izimpiko ikakhulu zimhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi bathatha umthunzi othambile o-creamy. Emaphethelweni empiko, ungabona umugqa obanzi, lapho kukhona khona amabala amhlophe, ahlangana abe umucu omncane eduze komzimba. Ngokuya ngenani lalawa mabala, awekho ngaphezu kwe-10, ngaphandle uma u-Apollo enokuphambuka okuthile. Ezingu-5 zazo zinombala omnyama, ezitholakala ezimpikweni ezingenhla kuthi ezinye ezi-5 ezibomvu ngaphezulu zivele ezimpikweni ezingezansi, nazo ezime ngendlela eyindilinga.
U-Apollo uneklabhu emnyama ezimpondweni, nokuyinto engajwayelekile ngezimvemvane ngokujwayelekile. Isinambuzane sinamehlo amakhulu abushelelezi anama-tubercles amancane, lapho kukhula khona ama-bristles amancane. Isifuba nesisu sika-Apollo nakho kumbozwe yizinwele ezincane zesiliva. Le nhlobo ine-dimorphism yezocansi eveziwe. Abesifazane babukeka bekhanya kakhulu futhi bemangalisa uma beqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Izinambuzane ezisanda kushiya iziphungumangathi zazo zinombala ophuzi ezimpikweni zazo.
U-Apollo, ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibungu, umbala omnyama unamabala amhlophe amaningi. Kukhona futhi izinyanda zama-villi amnyama emzimbeni wonke. Lapho esekhulile, uba nezinsumpa eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namabala amabili abomvu-owolintshi.
Uhlala kuphi u-Apollo?
Isithombe: Apollo
Lesi sivemvane esiyingqayizivele sitholakala emathafeni aseYurophu. Imvamisa ikhetha imiphetho yehlathi nokuhlanzwa okukhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinjengama-pine, i-pine-oak kanye ne-deciduous njengendawo yayo yokuhlala. Lezi zindawo kufanele zifudumale kahle, ngoba ku-Apollo imisebe yelanga iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yayo. EYurophu, lolu hlobo lungatholakala naseRussia.
Naphezu kokuthanda kwakhe amahlathi nama-glades, u-Apollo uncamela ukuhlala ezintabeni. Lapho, uvemvane lungatholakala emahlathini kaphayini aseduze nemifula yezintaba nemifudlana. Kwesinye isikhathi lolu hlobo lungandizela phezulu ku-char. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-Apollo itholakala emadlelweni angaphansi komhlaba nasemithambekeni yezintaba eziqhakazayo, kodwa endaweni ephakeme engeqi kwamamitha angama-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlala kwalezi zinhlobo, khona-ke kudingeka kuqala uqaphele izinto ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu:
- ENorway
- ESweden
- EFinland
- EFrance
- Ukraine nabanye
Ensimini yaseRussia, u-Apollo angatholakala eSmolensk, eMoscow, eYaroslavl nakwezinye izindawo eziningana.
Udla ini u-Apollo?
Isithombe: Apollo
Ukudla kovemvane njengo-Apollo akuhlukile kakhulu kwabanye abamele izinambuzane ezinamaphiko ezifanayo. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko impova, okuthi bona, lapho bendiza, bayiqoqe ezimbalini ezahlukahlukene. U-Apollo ukhetha izitshalo zeCompositae, okungukuthi, inkunzimalanga, i-crosswort, i-cornflower, i-cornflower, i-oregano, i-knotweed nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-clover. Ekufuneni ukudla, lolu hlobo luyakwazi ukundiza ibanga elide kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amakhilomitha ama-5 ngosuku.
Njengazo zonke izimvemvane, u-Apollo uzondla nge-proboscis yakhe ehlanganisiwe, engangena ekujuleni komongo wesitshalo. Ngosizo lwazo, izinambuzane zingathola umpe kalula embalini eziyithandayo. Ngesikhathi sekhefu phakathi kokudla, i-proboscis yokuvunguza isesimweni sokuwa.
Lezi zinhlobo ezisesigabeni sesibungu ziminzi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuchamuselwa eqandeni sekwenzekile, isilwane siqala ukufuna ukudla. Isibungu siwadla ngokuphelele wonke amaqabunga esitshalo asithandayo, bese sidlulela kwesinye ngokushesha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Apollo
U-Apollo indlela yalo yokuphila cishe ayihlukile kwabanye abamele izimvemvane. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walo liwela emini. Kusihlwa, ucwila otshanini ukuze alale ubusuku futhi acashe ezitheni ezingaba khona.
Emini, izimvemvane zindiza kancane, zimboza amabanga amafushane ukusuka entweni kuye entweni. Uma sisebenzisa igama elithi into, empeleni sisho izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zezimbali.
Abesifazane bachitha iningi lempilo yabo otshanini. Uma bezwa ingozi esondelayo, bese besuka ngokuzumayo, bangandizela ngaphandle kokuma ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha ayi-100. Uma uvemvane lubanjwe isimanga yizitha zemvelo ngesikhathi silele, khona-ke lujika ngokushesha emhlane luvule izimpiko zalo, lubonise izindawo zalo ezibomvu, ngaleyo ndlela luzame ukwethusa izilwane ezizingelayo. Futhi angaklwebha imilenze yakhe ngaphansi kwamaphiko. Lokhu kumsiza ukuthi akhe umsindo ohoshelwayo ocishe ungazwakali kumuntu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Apollo
Isikhathi sokuzalisa sika-Apollo sisehlobo lasehlobo. Abesifazane bakulungele ukukhwelana ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwiziphungumangathi, nabesilisa izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa wakha i-sphargis kowesifazane ngezinto zakhe zocansi, isengezo esithandekayo esingamvumeli ukuba ahlangane nomunye umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi izalela kuze kufike emakhulwini amaqanda amhlophe, ayindilinga, ayi-1.5 mm ububanzi ngamaqoqo ngakunye noma ngamaqoqo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo noma eceleni kwaso. Baqandula amacimbi amnyama anezicucu zezinwele ezinde, ezidwetshwe ezinhlangothini ezindaweni eziwolintshi. Futhi banezinsimbi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni ngayinye kanye ne-osmetrium ebomvu, okufuthwa kuyo iphunga elinyanyekayo ngesikhathi sosongo.
Ngezinsuku ezicacile, amacimbi amadala adla amaqabunga ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-stonecrop - lesi yisitshalo sabo sefolishi. Ngokuya ngendawo, amacimbi nawo angadla kwi-grickly grate. Aziyeki ukudla kuze kube yilapho igobolondo lazo langaphandle liminyene futhi liqinile, bese kuba khona i-molt, iphinda amahlandla ama-5 ngaphambi kwesigaba esilandelayo.
Isibungu sivame ukuququda nge-sedum, siwele phansi sidliwe kuze kube sekugcineni vele emhlabathini. Umdanso nawo uyenzeka lapho. Lesi sigaba sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Isiphungumangathi sifinyelela ku-18-24 mm ubude futhi siqala ngokukhanya nsundu ngokungena okungaguquguquki kanye nemiphetho emnyama ensundu, kuthi ngosuku olulandelayo kube mnyama bese sigubuzelwa ukuqhakaza okuyimpuphu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lesi sigaba sokungakwazi ukuhamba. Ngemuva kwayo yonke le ndlela enzima, uvemvane oluhle lwe-Apollo luzalwa ngesiphungumangathi.
Izitha zemvelo zika-apollo
Isithombe: Apollo
I-Apollo, njengezinye izimvemvane, inezitha eziningi zemvelo. Abamele izilwane ezifana nezinyoni, iminyovu, ama-mantis wokuthandaza, amaxoxo kanye nojekamanzi kubhekwa njengengozi kubo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, loluvemvane nalo aluphikisi ukuzitika ngezinhlobo eziningana zezicabucabu, izibankwa, ama-hedgehogs namagundane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalezi zitha ezifanayo ingabamba u-Apollo ngokumangala ebusuku ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwakhe noma emini, lapho isinambuzane sicashe esitshalweni esiqhakazayo.
Yiqiniso, asinakukhohlwa ngesitha esinjalo njengomuntu. Njengoba siphawulile ngaphambili, izingane ezincane zibamba izimvemvane ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ngqo imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile. Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuntu esekhiphe isinambuzane enetheni lakhe, kungenzeka nje singaphakami phezulu, ngoba kungenzeka kulimale izitho ezibalulekile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Apollo
Inani levemvane le-Apollo lidlula ezikhathini ezinzima. Lolu hlobo lusengozini enkulu. Inani lalo lehla ngendlela emangalisayo minyaka yonke. Phambilini, lezi zinambuzane ezinhle ze-lepidopteran bezihlala emazweni amaningi ase-Europe, kepha okwamanje zihlala ezindaweni ezimbalwa.
Iningi labantu selitholakala eMpumalanga Fennoxandia. Ngeshwa, okwamanje lolu hlobo selusondele ekuqothulweni futhi seluyivelakancane kakhulu kulezo zindawo lapho ngaphambili loluvemvane oluhle lwalutholakala khona ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Isizathu salesi simo kwakuwukunyathela njalo, ukushisa, ukulima eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, lapho uvemvane lwe-Apollo luhlala khona futhi luzala khona. Bacishe bangajwayele ukufuduka, ngakho-ke bafa, bengenalo nhlobo ithuba lokusinda kwezinhlobo ezihlala endaweni eziyichithile. Ngakho-ke, lapho uphazamisa kakhulu futhi uphazamisa ububanzi bevemvane, kulapho inani labo lincipha khona.
Izinyathelo kumele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukwehla okunjalo okunzima kwenani levemvane i-Apollo. Sizokhuluma ngezinyathelo zokuphepha esigabeni esilandelayo.
U-Apollo unogada
Isithombe: Apollo
U-Apollo unesimo sokongiwa kwe-VU, okusho ukuthi okwamanje lolu hlobo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Lesi simo sanikezwa uvemvane yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Lesi sinambuzane singabonakala nakwiRed Book yaseRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, eJalimane, eSweden, eNorway, eFinland. U-Apollo ukhona nasezinhlwini zezifunda zezilwane ezinikezwe isimo esithile sokongiwa. Uvemvane lungabonakala eTambov, eMoscow, eSmolensk nakwezinye izindawo.
Isigaba se-SPEC3 sabelwe u-Apollo kwiRed Data Book of European Day Butterflies. Kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni yaseYurophu nangaphesheya kwemingcele yalo, kepha lezo zangaphambili zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
ERussia nasePoland, kwenziwa amaphrojekthi okubuyisa inani lalesi silwane. Ekugcineni, abazange bakhiqize imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Okokuqala, sizosiza lezi zimvemvane ukuba zikhule endle, ikakhulukazi ukudala izimfunda, ukunqanda ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, nokuqala ukutshala izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezithwala umpe.
U-Apollo - uvemvane, okwamanje olungatholakali endle okwamanje. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi inani labantu seliqale ukwehla. Leli qiniso liqinisekisa amarekhodi esiwatholile kumaRed Data Books wamazwe nezifunda ezahlukahlukene. Abantu abadala kudingeka baqaphele imvelo, futhi izingane kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi ubumnandi obufana nokubamba izimvemvane ngenetha kungaholela ekuqothulweni kohlobo lwazo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/27/2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 27.04.2020 ngo-2: 03
