Amabhubesi amhlophe qhwa eza empilweni yangempela, njengokungathi avela enganekwaneni. Kuze kube muva nje, babebhekwa njengezidalwa zasenganekwaneni. Namuhla, isimangaliso semvelo singabonakala e-zoo noma esiqiwini semvelo. Sekukonke, kunabantu abangaba ngu-300 abangaphansi kokuvikelwa ngabantu. Isilwane esingajwayelekile esinombala oyingqayizivele asihloselwe ukusinda emvelweni.
Incazelo nezici
Ibhubesi Elimhlophe ayisebenzi ezilwaneni ezingama-albino, izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezihlukene emndenini. Umbala omangalisayo ubangelwa izinhlanganisela ezithile zofuzo ezibangelwa yisifo esibizwa ngeleukism. Lo mkhuba ungaphikisana ne-melanism, ngenxa yalokho kuvela ama-panther amnyama.
Ukungabikho okuphelele kwamaseli e-pigment kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ezilwaneni, i-pigmentation yendawo ibonakaliswa kaningi, lapho amabala amhlophe, njengeqhwa elihlakazekile, emboza izimpaphe zezinyoni, izinwele zezilwane ezincelisayo, ngisho nesikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukuntuleka kwezinwele ze-shaft pigmentation kuyisici sezinhlobo eyodwa kuphela zebhubesi.
Kungani ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kubonakala kubo kuphela - ayikho impendulo. Izinyane lengonyama elimhlophe lizalwa yingonyamakazi enombala okhilimu. Bobabili abazali kumele babe yi-heterozygous, babe nezakhi zofuzo ezivela enhlanganisweni yezakhi zofuzo eziguquguqukayo nezinamandla zombala onsundu omhlophe. Ngenxa yokuwela, kungavela ingonyama emnyama nomhlophe... Njengoba ikhula, amabala amnyama azonyamalala, ijazi lizoba lula ngokufanayo. Inzalo ingahle ilawulwe yisakhi sofuzo esinsundu, ithuba lokuthola ibhubesi elimhlophe njengeqhwa cishe elilodwa kwezine.
Ngokungafani nama-albino ane-iris ebomvu, amehlo, isikhumba, namaphakethe wezingonyama apendwe ngemibala yendabuko. Umbala ophuzi osasibhakabhaka, osibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ulungele kakhulu ama-blondes amahle. Ububanzi boboya obuyigugu ngamathoni kusuka esihlabathini esikhanyayo kuya kokumhlophe okumsulwa, kufaka phakathi umhlwenga omnyama ngokwesiko kanye nethiphu yomsila.
Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izinwele ezimhlophe zebhubesi kuyiphutha elisobala. Ngokombono wobuhle, izilwane ezihlukile zinhle ngokweqile. Ochwepheshe ekuzalaneni kwamabhubesi okugcina emamuo bahileleke ekulondolozweni kombala ongajwayelekile. Ukuqapha kwabantu kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphephile kwezilwane nokuphepha kwempilo.
Izimo zemvelo zinesihluku emabhubesini amhlophe. Umbala othize uncisha izilwane ezidla ezinye ithuba lokufihla, ngenxa yalokho ukubamba inyamazane kungazelelwe. Amabhubesi amhlophe ngokwawo aba yizisulu zezimpisi. Izizukulwane ezimhlophe njengeqhwa zisengozini enkulu ngisho nangaphezulu yokufa. Amabhubesi akhethekile ayaxoshwa ekuziqhenyeni ngempilo ezimele, kepha mancane kakhulu amathuba okuzivumelanisa nemvelo yemvelo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezisengozini zicashe kule savanna ezitheni zemvelo nakubantu.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe linamazinyo amakhulu njengazo zonke izidalwa ezizingelayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kunemibono yokubuyisela abahlali be-zoo endle. Izingxoxo emaphephandabeni kaningi azibonisi izikhundla zochwepheshe. Awunakuxuba i-retroinduction (ukubuyiselwa kwenqwaba yama-subspecies angavamile ebhubesi) nokuzalaniswa kwezilwane ezinombala oyingqayizivele ongakwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimela emvelweni.
Inkolelo yezizwe zase-Afrika yayihlotshaniswa nombala ongajwayelekile wezingonyama. Ngokomlando, eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, uhlanga lwesintu lwaqalekiswa yimimoya emibi eyathumela izifo ezimbi. Abantu babethandaza konkulunkulu babo. Izulu lathumela iNgonyama Emhlophe ukuba ibize insindiso. Ngibonga isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, uhlanga lwesintu lwaphulukiswa. Inganekwane enhle iqhubeka ngokwesiko labantu base-Afrika kuze kube namuhla.
Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukubona ibhubesi elimhlophe kusho ukuzuza amandla, ukuhlawulela izono, nokujabula. Iletha ukuvikelwa kwabantu ezimpini, ekubandlululweni ngokohlanga, ezifweni. Ukujeziswa kanzima kulindele labo abalimaza izilwane ezingavamile ngokungazi.Amabhubesi amhlophe e-Afrika indebe eyigugu, zivikelwe umbuso, zifakwe eRed Book. Ukutakulwa kwesibalo esincane kungenzeka kuphela ngemikhawulo, izindlela zokuvikela.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 eyedlule, amabhubesi ayehlala phakathi kwamathafa aneqhwa, ngakho umbala omhlophe njengeqhwa wawuyisifihla sezilwane ezizingelayo. Ukufudumala komhlaba ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuholele ekunyamalaleni kwamabhubesi amhlophe. Abantu abavamile batholakala phakathi kwama-savanna, emaqeleni wamazwe ashisayo, okwakubonwa njengesimangaliso.
Ukuba khona kwamabhubesi amhlophe kwaqinisekiswa ngo-1975 ngesikhathi bethola amawundlu ezingonyama ezimhlophe eneminyaka engama-8. Umcimbi oyingqophamlando wenzeke eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, eKruger National Park yesiqiwi iTimbavati. Izilwane zihlukaniswa njengePanthera leo krugeri. Indawo yokutholwa yaphakanyiselwa ezingeni elingcwele, igama lisho ukuthi "lapha izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi zehla zivela ezulwini."
Izingane zihanjiswe endaweni ephephile, lapho zitakulwe ezifweni, endlaleni, ekufeni kwabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Kusukela lapho, inzalo yamabhubesi amhlophe ihlala ezikhungweni zezilwane. Esinye sezikhulu kunazo zonke iSanbon Nature Reserve enkulu eNingizimu Afrika, lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezingavamile ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Kubantu, kudalwe izimo zemvelo, lapho abantu bengakuthinti ukukhetha kwemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezilwane. Kwezinye izikhungo zoo, ukulondolozwa kwamabhubesi amhlophe kusekelwa ngobuciko.
Ingonyama emhlophe esithombeni kuhlala kumangaza, kepha empilweni yangempela ukuhlangana naye kugcwalisa abantu ngomuzwa wenjabulo. Ubukhulu, umusa, ubuhle besilwane buyathakazelisa. Ama-zoo eJapan, ePhiladelphia nakwamanye amazwe akha izimo ezikahle zokulondolozwa kwezilwane ezingavamile. Kunamabhubesi angama-20 amhlophe eziqiwini zaseJalimane. Endaweni yaseRussia, ungabona amabhubesi amhlophe e-zoo enkulu kunazo zonke eKrasnoyarsk "Roev Ruchey", e- "Safari Park" yaseKrasnodar.
Inani eliphelele lezilwane emhlabeni alidluli kubantu abangama-300. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu, kepha ukuvikelwa nentuthuko yabantu kuyenziwa ukuze ibhubesi elimhlophe lingagcini liphenduke isidalwa esasenganekwaneni. Ososayensi babhekene nomsebenzi wokubuyisela izilwane ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngoba ukweqa okuhlobene nakho kuyingozi empilweni yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe - isilwane muhle, ubukhosi. Amabhubesi amadala akha imihlambi yemindeni - ama-prides, aqukethe owesilisa, abesifazane bakhe kanye nenzalo. Amabhubesi amancane akhulayo ayaxoshwa ukuze akhe awabo noma abambe ukuziqhenya komunye umuntu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho uneminyaka engama-2-2.5, lapho izingane ziqhudelana.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe liphumule ngemuva kokudla
Abesifazane banesibopho sokukhulisa inzalo. Kuyathakazelisa. Ukuthi omama ababheki amawundlu abo kuphela, kodwa futhi namanye amawundlu ezingonyama. Iduna limatasa ligade umhlambi, indawo yokuziqhenya. Izilwane ezidliwe kahle nezinokuthula zithanda ukugobhoza ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla ezisakazwayo, emthunzini wezihlahla. Isikhathi sokuphumula nokulala okungaphazamiseki singahlala emahoreni angama-20.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Amabhubesi yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ezisuselwa enyameni kuphela. Endle, izilwane zizingela ndawonye ebusuku, ngezikhathi ezithile emini. Izindima zabelwe ngokusobala. Indoda yesabisa isisulu ngokubhonga okubi, abesifazane abasheshayo nabahambayo bahlasela ngokushesha izisulu. Isizathu sokumangala sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amabhubesi angakwazi ukugijima kuphela amabanga amafushane.
Amabhubesi amhlophe kunzima kakhulu ukuzingela ngenxa yokushoda kombala wejazi lokufihla. Kukhona ukuzingelwa wedwa kwamadodana amancane azulazula ngaphandle kokuziqhenya. Ukusebenza kahle kokudla okunje kungama-17% kuphela, ngokungafani ne-30% yokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela. Imfuneko yansuku zonke yengonyama ngayinye ingama-7-8 kg wenyama. E-Afrika, izisulu zezilwane ezidliwayo yizinyathi, izinsephe zikaThomson, izingulube, amadube, izinkonkoni.
Ingonyama emhlophe elambile yahamba iyozingela
Amabhubesi anenhlanhla futhi anamandla angabhekana nendlulamithi endala, imvubu, indlovu. Izilwane azinqabi isidumbu, imfuyo, zithathe inyamazane yezinye izidalwa ezingaphansi kwamabhubesi ngosayizi.
Amabhubesi, angakwazi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene zokubamba inyamazane enkulu, adle amagundane, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, acoshe amaqanda ezintshe, adle izimpisi, amanqe. Ibhubesi lingadla inyama engama-18 kuya kuma-30 kg ngasikhathi. Izinsuku ezilandelayo zingahamba ngaphandle kokudla kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-3-14. Ukudla ema-zoo akufani nokwasendle. Amabhubesi ondliwa kakhulu ngenkomo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amabhubesi yizilwane zesithembu ezingazala unyaka wonke, kepha ukuzala kuyanda ngesikhathi semvula. Owesilisa oyinhloko wokuziqhenya uhlala enokhetho lokuqala lwabesifazane. Akukho kulwa kowesifazane phakathi kwamabhubesi. Amabhubesi avuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni emi-4 kwabesifazane, eneminyaka engu-5 kwabesilisa.
Imvamisa yokuzalwa kwenzalo ebhubesikazi iba kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-3.5. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenzalo, insikazi ishiya ukuziqhenya, ngemuva kwesikhashana ibuya nezingane.
Ingonyama emhlophe enezingonyama
1-5 kuzalwa amawundlu engonyama amhlophe qhwa, ngalinye linesisindo esingu-1-2 kg. Amathole engonyama ezisanda kuzalwa ayizimpumputhe kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-11 lapho amehlo awo evulekile. Izingane ziqala ukuhamba emavikini ama-2, futhi lapho zinenyanga eyodwa sezivele zigijima. Umama ubhekisisa izingane kuze kube amasonto ayi-8. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuphela izinyanga eziyi-7-10. Kuze kube unyaka owodwa nohhafu ubudala, amawundlu ebhubesi amancane asencike kakhulu kubantu abadala ekuziqhenyeni.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, umbala wamazinyane ezingonyama ushintsha kancane - umbala omhlophe njengeqhwa uthola umthunzi wezinyo lendlovu. Izinsikazi zezinsikazi ezisencane zihlala ekuziqhenyeni ngemuva kokukhula, amabhubesi ashiya impilo ezimele, avame ukufa.
Impilo yamabhubesi amhlophe incike ezintweni eziningi ezingezinhle kubo. Ziyakwazi ukuhlala emvelweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13-16 ubudala, kodwa zife ngaphambi kwesikhathi njengezilwane ezisengozini ngenxa yombala wazo wejazi elikhanyayo. Kuma-zoo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuvikelwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula sibe yiminyaka engama-20.
Ingonyama emhlophe insikazi nenzalo yayo
Amaqiniso empilo anjalo kangangokuba kuncike kuphela kumuntu ukuthi ngabe ibhubesi elimhlophe eNcwadini Ebomvu noma abantu bazoba baningi, bangabi sesimweni esibucayi. Imvelo iphana ngokuhlukahluka nobuhle. Amabhubesi amhlophe aqinisekisa lokhu ngobukhona bawo hhayi kuphela ezinganekwaneni, kodwa nasempilweni.
