Isilwane esinomusa sinqoba ngenhlanganisela yamandla nobuhle besilwane esidlayo. Igama lesayensi elithi Puma concolor lisho ukuthi "puma i-monochromatic ”, kepha imibala egqamile yenza ingubo yakhe yoboya ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela encazelweni yokuqala yomzingeli ngekhulu le-16 kuze kube namuhla, intshisekelo ngesilwane sasendle ayikapheli. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokulawula izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngisho nokuzenza izifuyo zazo.
Incazelo nezici
IPuma ibizwa ngenye indlela. Ngaphezu kwento eyinhloko, amagama asakazwa: ibhubesi lentaba, i-cougar. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlobene nazo, lesi silwane siba sesine ngosayizi, silandela ihlosi, i-jaguar nengonyama. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-180 cm, umsila ufinyelela ku-70 cm, isisindo somuntu sisilinganiso esingu-80 kg, kepha abamele abakhulu bafinyelele ngaphezu kuka-100 kg. Ubukhulu be-Cougar abesifazane bangaphansi kuka-25-30% kunabesilisa.
Ikati lasendle lePuma
Umzimba womzingeli uguquguquka ngokungavamile. Izidladla zibanzi, izinzipho ezinkulu ezihlehlekayo zisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane. Emilenzeni yangemuva, emikhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili, i-cougar inezinzwane ezine, ngaphambili - ezinzwaneni ezi-5. Uzipho olucijile lusiza izigaxa ezihlala ezihlahleni. Njengawo wonke ama-felines, kune-lobes yamapads amathathu ezithendeni.
Ikhanda elincane lithweswe umqhele ngezindlebe eziyindilinga. UPuma esithombeni njalo ngamehlo azwakalayo azungezwe irimu emnyama. Iris iyimpunga, i-hazel, iluhlaza. Ngamazinyo aqinile, izilwane ziphula amathambo, zidabula izicubu. Ubudala bamakati asendle bunqunywa yisimo sama-canines kanye nama-incisors.
Umbala woboya obufushane obumfishane bunsundu ngombala ompunga noma ophuzi. Umhlane nenhloko kuhlala kumnyama ngombala kunengxenye yesisu sesilwane. Ukumakwa okumhlophe kutholakala esifubeni, emphinjeni. Ukumakwa okumnyama ekhanda le-cougar, ichopho lomsila, izindlebe.
Isimo sezulu sithinta ububanzi bombala woboya: ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, uboya bezilwane bumpunga, ezindaweni ezishisayo - ezibomvu. ELatin America, kunabantu abangavamile bombala okhanyayo, omhlophe, onsundu ngokugqamile. Awekho ama-albino nama-melanists phakathi kwama-cougars. I-cougar emnyama, i-heroine yekhathuni "Mowgli" - eqanjiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi amaphuphu amnyama abizwa ngephutha ngokuthi ama-panther.
Puma esihlahleni esomile
Umbala wama-puma amancane uhlukile. Uboya bumbozwe ngamabala amnyama, imivimbo emnyama kuzidladla, izindandatho emsileni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 zokuphila, amamaki ayaphela, anyamalale ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emi-2. Uboya bezilwane bukhulu, bukhulu.
Ukunyakaza kwe-cougar kubucayi, kuyashesha; ekugxumeni okusheshayo, umsila usebenza njengebhalansi. Ngokungafani nezingwevu ezihlobene, amahlosi awela ogibeni awagcini ekuziphatheni kobuhlanya, kepha kulindelwa ama-stoic womzingeli ngemuva kwemizamo eminingi yokuzikhulula.
Ngokungefani namabhubesi amakhulu, izingwe zeqhwa, namahlosi, ama-cougars awanawo amandla angokomzimba okukhipha umsindo noma ukubhonga okwesabekayo. Kepha bayacwenga, njengabahlali bezindlu, ngokuxhumana namazinyane, kwesinye isikhathi bayamemeza ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
I-cougar inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Izilwane ezincane ezibuthakathaka zingahlaselwa ama-jaguar, ama-grizzlies, ama-alligator. Ingozi enkulu ezilwaneni ezidliwayo ithathwa ngumuntu ozisusayo, abeke izingibe. I-puma yezilwane zasendle akuvamile ukuhlasela umuntu. Izinto zokuhlaselwa ngabantu abakhungathekile, izingane eziwela izindlela zezilwane ebusuku. Ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezindaweni zezilwane kwanele ukugwema ukuhlangana okungathandeki.
IPuma ebusika
EMelika, lapho kutholakala khona uhla olukhulu lwezilwane ezidliwayo, kwabulawa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane. Ngenxa yekhono lama-cougars lokuzivumelanisa namathafa angajwayelekile nezinyathelo zokongiwa, usayizi wabantu uyalulama kancane kancane.
Izinhlobo ze-Cougar
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesimanje kwama-cougars kusekelwe ekubophweni kwezilwane endaweni ethile, umehluko kuma-genomes.
I-Puma concolor couguar - izinhlobo zivamile eNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi ama-cougars angavamile eFlorida. Indawo yokuhlala emaxhaphozini amahlathi eningizimu yeFlorida. Ama-subspecies ama-predator asencwadini Ebomvu ngenxa yesimo sawo esibucayi.
I-cougar yaseFlorida esengozini
Isilwane sincane ngosayizi, sibomvu ngombala, sinemilenze ephakeme. Ukuzalana okuhlobene eduze kwezilwane kwaholela esicelweni somsila ophakanyisiwe. Izizathu zokuqothulwa ukukhishwa kwamaxhaphozi, ukufaka ubuthi nokuzingela izilwane. Lokhu kufaka ne-puma esempumalanga, eyanyamalala ngo-1925.
I-Puma concolor costaricensis - uhlala eMelika Ephakathi.
I-Puma concolor capricornensis - indawo yokusabalalisa empumalanga yeNingizimu Melika.
I-Puma concolor concolor - ezivamile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
IPuma concolor cabrerae - uhlala engxenyeni emaphakathi yeNingizimu Melika.
I-Puma concolor puma - indawo yokusabalalisa engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika.
Okwamanje, ukuzingelwa kwama-cougars akuvunyelwe, yize kusaqhubeka nokuqothulwa ngomonakalo odaleke ekufuyweni kwemfuyo.
I-Cougar yaseMpumalanga engasekho
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-cougar ibizwa ngekati laseMelika ngenxa yendawo ehlala kuyo ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Isidlakela sihlola izindawo ezinezintaba kuze kufike kumamitha angama-4700, amahlathi, amathafa anotshani, izindawo eziphansi ezinamanzi. Ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nemvelo entsha livikela izilwane eziningi naphezu kwezimo zokusinda ezingezinhle. Ama-cougars enza izinto ezihlukahlukene ekhonweni lokuqwala izihlahla, imithambeka yezintaba, nokubhukuda emzimbeni wamanzi.
Isilwane sikwazi ukweqa size sifike kumamitha ayi-6-7 ubude, sigxume phezulu ngamamitha angu-2.5-4.5 ukuphakama, futhi sithuthukise isivinini sama-50 km / h lapho sigijima. Isici sama-cougars ukugijimela ngokushesha kuphela amabanga amafushane, bese ephumela ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zivame ukukhuphukela endaweni ephakeme uma ingozi isongela. Kuchazwa icala lapho i-cougar yeqa phezu komdolofiya omude, ibalekela iphakethe lezinja.
Ama-Cougars abonakala ngokuphila wedwa, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokukhwelana. Indawo yokuzingela yabesifazane ihlanganisa indawo yomngcele wesilisa, ithatha ama-26-350 km². Amasayithi abesilisa makhulu ngosayizi - 140-760 km², awalokothi ahlangane. Abesilisa abaze bahlangane ndawonye, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuqala kwempilo ezimele. Imingcele yeziqephu imakwe ngemivimbo ezihlahleni, uketshezi lwezilwane. Ukuhamba kwesizini kwabadlayo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo. Ubuningi babantu buncike enanini lomdlalo.
I-cougar izingela kakhulu ebusuku - inamehlo amahle nephunga. Lapho sifuna isisulu, isilwane sinesu laso. Ihlala ihlasela kungalindelekile - yeqa isuka ebangeni eliseduze emhlane wayo, iyidilize ngobuningi bayo. Cishe izilwane ezingama-45-50 ezinezinselo ngonyaka zibe yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye. Inyama ye-cougar edliwe isigamu imbozwe ngamaqabunga, amagatsha, iqhwa.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, babuyela esidlekeni esifihliwe, kwesinye isikhathi izinsalela zithwalwa yizilwane ezihamba ibanga elide. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubukhulu besidumbu bungadlula umhlaseli ngezikhathi ezingama-5-7. Emini ipuma yisilwane ukuvilapha. Uchitha isikhathi sokuphumula emgodini, ethamela ilanga esimweni sezulu esihle. Amandla, amandla, ubuciko, ubuqili besilwane kwaveza izinkolelo zamakhono akhethekile omzingeli. Kanjani isilwane se-totem, i-puma okuvezwe kukhansili labaculi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuzingela kwengonyama yasentabeni kuqala kusihlwa kuqhubeke ebusuku. Izinto ezidliwayo ama-artiodactyls, adlula i-puma ngosayizi nobukhulu. Ngokulwa okuvulelekile, impi ibingaphela ekunqotshweni komzingeli. Kepha ubuqili nobuhlakani, into emangazayo yizo izinzuzo eziphambili ze-cougar edlayo. Isilwane sikhetha indawo yokuqamekela ohlangothini lwe-leeward ukuze iphunga laso lingatholakali kulowo ongaba yisisulu.
I-Cougar ijaha inyamazane
Ukulindela isikhathi ngesineke, ukugxuma okunembile nokusheshayo emhlane wesisulu akushiyi ithuba lokulwa, noma i-elk noma inkunzi enkulu. I-puma isonga intamo yayo ngamazinyo, iququda umphimbo wesilwane sayo. Hlanganisa izilwane ezincelisayo namagundane kuvame ukungena ekudleni kwe-cougar, kepha umhlaseli olambile akazenqabeli ezinye izilwane. Imenyu ifaka phakathi:
- izinyamazane, kufaka phakathi i-caribou, i-wapiti, umsila omhlophe, njll.
- i-moose;
- izimvu ezinkulu;
- izingungumbane;
- i-lynx;
- ama-sloth;
- ama-possum;
- inkawu;
- ama-coyotes;
- amaprotheni;
- ama-beavers;
- onogwaja;
- armadillos, njll.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cougar ibonakale idla abantu. Ukuzingela izingwenya ezinkulu, ama-baribal, ama-grizzlies kugxilwe ekubambeni kwezinyoni, ukubamba izinhlanzi, izinambuzane, noma iminenke. I-omnivorous factor isiza isilwane ukuthi siphile ezimeni ezinzima zokuntuleka kokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi i-cougar ikhokha ngempilo yayo ngokuhlaselwa emapulazini ezinkomo, emapulazini, lapho engagodli khona amakati, izinja, izinyoni.
Ama-Cougars owesilisa (kwesobunxele) nowesifazane
I-cougar idla cishe i-1300 kg yenyama ngonyaka. Isici somzingeli isifiso sokuthola ukudla okugcinelwe izidingo ezizayo. I-puma ithwala izinsalela zezidumbu ezingadliwanga, izifihle ezindaweni ezifihlekile, imboze inyama ngamahlamvu namagatsha. AmaNdiya, afunda imikhuba ye-cougar, amlandela ukuyolanda izidumbu zezilwane eziphelele. Ama-caches anezimpahla asephenduke isisulu sezinye izidumbu kaningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezilwane kwenzeka ngeminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Ama-cougars-abesilisa aqala ukufuna umlingani lapho ethola indawo yawo yokuzingela, agqagqana nezindawo zabesifazane. Izilwane azinayo inkathi ethile yokukhwelana.
Isikhathi sokukhwela sihambisana nokukhala, ukukhala, ukulwa kwabesilisa. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bathwala inzalo yabo cishe izinsuku ezingama-90. Benza indawo yokuhlala ngasese phakathi kwezimpande, amahlathi ashisayo, ngisho nasemigodini yamadwala lapho kuzalwa khona izingane. Kunamazinyane angu-1-4 kudoti azalwa eyimpumputhe, ngayinye enesisindo esingu-400-500 g. Umbala wamehlo ama-cougars asanda kuzalwa aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izoshintshela kumbala onsundu, ithoni ye-amber. Umbala woboya bamawundlu unamabala - lokhu kufihlwa kuvikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kufaka phakathi ama-cougars abesilisa.
I-Cougar female nenzalo yakhe
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, ama-cougars asanda kuzalwa akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, enamasonto amabili ubudala, amazinyo abo ayaqhuma, amantshontsho aqala ukubona nokuzwa, futhi akhasa ngenkungu emgodini. Ngezikhathi ezithile, insikazi kufanele iye kozingela, ishiye izingane zodwa. I-cougar izama ukuhlala eduzane, kepha kancane kancane, njengoba amantshontsho ekhula, iyahamba inqamule insimu yesiza. Kusukela emasontweni ayisithupha, ama-cougars amancane ashintshela ekudleni kwabantu abadala, yize bengakalunikeli ubisi lukamama.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-9, kanye nezinsikazi, amazinyane aya ukuyofuna ukudla. Ubafundisa ukuzingela, ahlukane nentsha ekhulayo. Amabala wejazi anyamalala ngokuphelele eneminyaka emibili, ukuguqulwa kombala kukhombisa ukuqala kobudala. Isikhathi esithile, ama-cougars amancane agcinwa eqenjini, kepha bese ehlakazeka eyofuna amasayithi awo. Abesilisa kufanele bahambe amakhilomitha angamakhulu, bebeka engcupheni ukuhlangana nendoda, amaduna amadala, axosha izingane, aze abulale nokubulala.
Umama we-Cougar uvikela ngonya amazinyane akhe
Kule ndlela enzima, izilwane ezilambile zizulazula emazweni abalimi zifuna inyamazane elula. Impilo ye-cougar emvelweni ivame ukuphazanyiswa ngenxa yamanxeba, okungajwayelekile kusuka ezifweni. Akuzona zonke izilwane ezisinda zize ziguge. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe endaweni yemvelo yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Kuma-zoo, impilo inwetshelwa eminyakeni engama-20.
IPuma njengesilwane esifuywayo inesithakazelo esikhathini samanje. Kodwa imvelo yesilwane esidlayo ayikubekezeleli ukugqilazwa, imingcele. Ukugcina isilwane kuyabiza: intengo ye-cougar yobudala bekati iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-180, ukudla kwenyama nokunakekelwa kuyabiza. Indawo yangempela yezilwane isendaweni yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuwagcina umhlaba lapho ama-cougars angaqhubeka khona nolayini wabo wokuphila.
