Isilayidi se-infusoria - umqondo ojwayelekile. Kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-7 ezifihliwe ngemuva kwegama. Wonke umuntu unesimo somzimba esingaguquguquki. Sifana ematheni wesicathulo. Ngakho-ke igama elilula kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, wonke ama-ciliates ane-osmoregulation, okungukuthi, alawula ingcindezi yemvelo yangaphakathi yomzimba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngama-vacuoles amabili we-contractile. Benza isivumelwano futhi bahlukanise, bacindezela uketshezi oluningi ngaphandle kwesihlangu.
Incazelo kanye nezici zomzimba
I-infusoria slipper - elula kunazo zonke isilwane. Ngakho-ke, ayihlukile. Kodwa-ke, leli seli linakho konke ukuphefumula, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukondla nokususa imfucuza ngaphandle, ukuhambisa. Lolu uhlu lwemisebenzi yezilwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izicathulo nazo ngezabo.
Izidalwa ezilula ezingama-unicellular zibizelwa idivayisi yakudala uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezingama-unicellular, kukhona namafomu akhonjwe ososayensi kuzo zombili izilwane nezitshalo. Isibonelo yi-euglena eluhlaza. Umzimba wakhe uqukethe ama-chloroplast ne-chlorophyll, i-pigment yezitshalo. U-Euglena wenza i-photosynthesis futhi ucishe anganyakazi emini. Kodwa-ke, ebusuku, eyodwa ene-unicellular ishintshela ekudleni ezintweni eziphilayo, izinhlayiya eziqinile.
Isilayidi se-infusoria ne-euglena green yima ezigxotsheni ezibhekene nochungechunge lokuthuthuka lweprotozoan. I-heroine ye-athikili ithathwa njengomzimba onzima kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngendlela, isicathulo siyisidalwa, ngoba sinokufana kwezitho. Lezi yizakhi zeseli ezibhekele imisebenzi ethile. Ama-ciliates awekho kwamanye ama-protozoa. Lokhu kwenza isicathulo sibe ngumholi phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezinama-unicellular.
Ama-organelles athuthukisiwe ama-ciliates afaka:
- Ama-vacuoles enkontileka anama-tubules aqhubayo. Lezi zokugcina zisebenza njengohlobo lwemikhumbi. Ngabo, izinto eziyingozi zingena echibini, okuyi-vacuole uqobo. Zisuka ku-protoplasm - okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kweseli, kufaka phakathi i-cytoplasm ne-nucleus.
Ama-slippers womzimba iqukethe ama-vacuoles amabili enkontileka. Ukuqongelela ubuthi, babulahla kanye noketshezi oluningi, ngasikhathi sinye bagcine ingcindezi engaphakathi kwamangqamuzana.
- I-vacuoles yokugaya ukudla. Njengesisu, bacubungula ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-vacuum iyahamba. Okwamanje i-organelle isondela ekupheleni kweseli ngemuva, izakhi zomzimba sezivele zifakiwe.
- Impuphu. Lokhu kuvulwa ekugcineni kwe-ciliate ngemuva, kufana ne-anal. Umsebenzi we-powder uyefana. Imfucumfucu yokugaya isisu isuswa esiseleni ngokuvula.
- Umlomo. Lokhu kucindezelwa kolwelwesi lweseli kubamba amabhaktheriya nokunye ukudla, kukudlulisele ku-cytopharynx, ishubhu elincanyana elithatha indawo yepharynx. Ukuba naye nomlomo, isicathulo sisebenzisa uhlobo olunqunu lokondleka, okungukuthi, ukubanjwa kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo ngaphakathi komzimba.
Enye i-ciliate elula elula yenziwa ngama-2 kernels. Enye yazo inkulu, ibizwa nge-macronucleus. I-nucleus yesibili incane - i-micronucleus. Imininingwane egcinwe kuwo womabili ama-organelles iyafana. Noma kunjalo, ku-micronucleus, ayithintwa. Imininingwane yeMacronucleus iyasebenza, iyaxhashazwa njalo. Ngakho-ke, eminye imininingwane ingalimala, njengezincwadi ezisegumbini lokufundela lomtapo wolwazi. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okunjalo, i-micronucleus isebenza njengendawo yokugcina.
Isilayidi se-infusoria ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
Umnyombo omkhulu we-ciliate usesimweni sikabhontshisi. I-organelle encane iyindilinga. Ama-Organoids infusoria slippers ibonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kokukhuliswa. Konke ubude obulula kungedluli amamilimitha ayi-0.5. Kulula kakhulu, lokhu yi-gigantism. Amalungu amaningi ekilasi aweqi kumamilimitha ayi-0.1 ubude.
Isakhiwo se-ciliate shoe
Isakhiwo se-ciliate shoe ngokwengxenye kuncike esigabeni sayo. Kukhona ababili babo. Owokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi yi-ciliary ngoba abameleli bawo bambozwe nge-cilia. Lezi yizakhiwo ezinjengezinwele, kungenjalo zibizwa nge-cilia. Ububanzi bawo abudluli ku-0.1 micrometer. I-cilia esemzimbeni we-ciliate ingasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo noma iqoqwe ngohlobo lwezinqwaba - i-cirrus. I-cilium ngayinye iyisigaxa semicu. Lawa angama-protein ayindilinga. Imicu emibili ingumgogodla we-cilium, amanye ama-9 atholakala eceleni komjikelezo.
Lapho kukhulunywa ngocili class, ciliates izicathulo ingaba nezinkulungwane eziningana ze-cilia. Ama-ciliates ancelayo ame ngokungafani. Zimelela isigaba esehlukile, asinayo i-cilia. Izicathulo zokuncela nomlomo, umphimbo, imiphimbo yokugaya, isici sabantu "abanoboya", abekho. Kepha ama-ciliates ancelayo afana nokuqina kwezintambo. Kunamashumi amaningana ezinhlobo ezinjalo ngokumelene nezinkulungwane eziningi zama-ciliates.
Isakhiwo se-ciliate shoe
Izicathulo zezicathulo ezincelayo zingamashubhu e-plasma angenalutho. Bathwala izakhi zomzimba ziye endoplasm yeseli. Amanye ama-protozoa asebenza njengokudla. Ngamanye amagama, izicathulo ezincelayo yizilwane ezizingelayo. I-cilia encelayo incishwe i-cilia, ngoba ayinyakazi. Abamele ikilasi banomlenze okhethekile wokuncela. Ngosizo lwayo, izinto ezinama-unicellular zigxiliswe kothile, isibonelo, inkalankala noma inhlanzi, noma ngaphakathi kwazo nakwamanye ama-protozoa. Ama-ciliated ciliates ahamba ngenkuthalo. Empeleni, yilokhu okwenzelwe i-cilia.
Indawo yokuhlala elula
I-heroine ye-athikili ihlala emanzini amasha, angajulile anamanzi amile nenqwaba yezinto ezibolayo. Ukuthandwa kuyavuma ciliate shoe, amoeba... Badinga amanzi amile ukuze banganqobi okukhona manje, okuzomane kumuke nakho. Amanzi angajulile aqinisekisa ukufudumala okudingekayo ekwenzeni izinto ezinama-unicellular. Ubuningi bezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo yisisekelo sokudla.
Ngokugcwaliswa kwamanzi ngama-ciliates, umuntu angahlulela izinga lokungcola kwechibi, udaka, uthingo. Izicathulo eziningi, isisekelo sokudla okunempilo kakhulu kubo - ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukwazi izintshisekelo zezicathulo, zingafakwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, ebhange. Kwanele ukubeka hay lapho bese uyigcwalisa ngamanzi echibi. Utshani obusikiwe buzosebenza njengaleso sithako somsoco esibola kakhulu.
IHabitat ciliates slippers
Ukungawathandi amakhemikhali amanzi anosawoti kubonakala lapho kufakwa ezinhlayiyweni ezijwayelekile zikasawoti wethebula. Ngaphansi kokukhulisa, umuntu angabona ukuthi ama-unicellulars abhukuda kanjani asuke kuye. Uma i-protozoa ibona ukuqoqwa kwamagciwane, kunalokho, athunyelwa kuwo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukucasuka. Le mpahla isiza izilwane ukuthi zigweme izimo ezimbi, zithole ukudla nabanye abantu bohlobo lwazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-infusorian
Ukudla okunomsoco kwe-ciliate kuncike esigabeni sayo. Izikhukhula ezidlayo zinezintambo. Kubo unamathele, unamathele, untanta ngokudlula kwe-unicellular. Ukudla okushelelayo kwe-infusoria kwenziwa ngokuchithwa ulwelwesi lweseli lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Ifilimu idla ezindaweni zokuxhumana nama-tentacles. Ekuqaleni, isisulu, njengomthetho, sithathwa ngenqubo eyodwa. Amanye ama-tentacles "eze etafuleni elivele lisethiwe."
Ciliated ciliate umumo wesicathulo bondla ulwelwe olunama-unicellular, lubabambe emgodini womlomo. Ukusuka lapho, ukudla kungena emphinjeni bese kungena ku-vacuole yokugaya ukudla. Iqondiswe ehhashini "lomphimbo", ingakhiphi kuyo njalo imizuzu embalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-vacuole idlula ngokwewashi ngemuva kwe-ciliate. Phakathi nohambo, i-cytoplasm ifaka izinto eziwusizo zokudla. Imfucuza iphonswa impuphu. Lona umgodi ofana nowendunu.
Ama-ciliates nawo ane-cilia emilonyeni yawo. Swaying, bakha i-current. Ihambisa izinhlayiya zokudla emgodini womlomo. Lapho i-vacuole yokugaya icubungula ukudla, i-capsule entsha yakha. Iphinde ijoyine ipharynx futhi ithole ukudla. Inqubo iyajikeleza. Ekushiseni okunethezeka kwe-ciliate, okungaba ngu-15 degrees Celsius, i-vacuole yokugaya yakhiwa njalo ngemizuzu emibili. Lokhu kukhombisa isilinganiso sesisindo sesihlangu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isicathulo se-infusoria esithombeni kungaba izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunezinga elijwayelekile. Lokhu akuyona inkohliso ebonakalayo. Iphuzu likukuhlukahluka kokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-unicellular. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zenqubo:
- Ezocansi. Kulokhu, ama-ciliates womabili ahlangana nezindawo zawo eziseceleni. Igobolondo liyancibilika lapha. Kuvela ibhuloho lokuxhuma. Ngayo, amaseli ashintsha i-nuclei. Ezinkulu zincibilika ngokuphelele, kanti ezincane zihlukanisa kabili. Ama-nuclei amathathu aphuma anyamalala. Okunye kuhlukaniswe futhi. Ama-nuclei amabili aqhamukayo aya esitokisini esiseduze. Kuphuma ama-organelles amabili kuwo. Endaweni ehlala njalo, esinye sazo siguqulwa sibe i-nucleus enkulu.
- Ezocansi. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukwahlukana. Ama-ciliates ahlukaniswe kabili, ngamunye. Iseli liyahlukana. Kuvela ezimbili. Ngayinye - enesethi ephelele ye-nuclei kanye nezinye izinhlaka ze-organelles. Azihlukanisi, zisatshalaliswa phakathi kwamaseli asanda kwakhiwa. Ama-organelles alahlekile akhiwa ngemuva kokuthi amaseli ahlukane.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngesikhathi sokuzala kabusha ngokocansi, inani lama-ciliates lihlala lilingana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana. Kwenzeka kuphela ukushintshaniswa kolwazi lofuzo. Inani lamaseli lihlala lilingana, kepha ama-protozoa ngokwawo empeleni amasha. Ukushintshaniswa kofuzo kwenza amakholi aqine ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, izicathulo ziphendukela ekukhiqizeni ngokocansi ezimweni ezingezinhle.
Uma izimo ziba nzima, ama-cysts angama-unicellular akha. Kusuka esiGrekini lo mqondo uhunyushwe ngokuthi "bubble". I-ciliate iyancipha, ibe yindilinga futhi imbozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene. Kuvikela umzimba emathonyeni amabi emvelo. Ngokuvamile, izicathulo zihlushwa ukoma kwamadamu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezicathulo ze-ciliates
Lapho izimo seziphila, ama-cysts ayanda. Ama-ciliates athathe isimo sawo esijwayelekile. Ku-cyst, ama-ciliates angafika izinyanga ezimbalwa. Umzimba usesimweni esithile sokulala ubusika bonke. Ubukhona obujwayelekile besicathulo buhlala amasonto ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iseli lihlukanisa noma linothisa isitokwe salo sezakhi zofuzo.
