Inyoni ezwakalayo siskin, esebenzayo, enesibindi, ende futhi ngokuqinile yazuza uzwela lomuntu. Igama lothando elithi siskin, ukugcinwa kwezinyoni kuqinisekisa intshisekelo nesimo sengqondo sothando kulowo ohlala kancane emahlathini e-coniferous.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni encane evela ku-passerines, ingeyomndeni wezintaka, isihlobo se-goldfinch. Umzimba oyindilinga ufinyelela kubude obungu-12 cm, isisindo senyoni singu-10-16 g Ubungako besiskin buyafana nondlunkulu. I-Wingspan - amasentimitha angama-20. Umsila omude. Imilenze emincane ifakwe izinzwane ezixhunywe. Amehlo enyoni anombala omnyama wamalahle. Uqhwaku olungajwayelekile - mncane, mncane, uyindunduma ngokuma, ukhombe kahle.
Izimpaphe zidwetshwe ngobuhlakani, kepha ziyaheha siskin ayilahli. Ngemuva kuluhlaza-mpunga ngokufakwa komnqumo, ophuzi, onsundu onsundu. Ekhanda kukhona ikepisi elikhulu lombala oyinhlaka, ngenhla kwamehlo kunemivimbo ephuzi efana "namashiya". Isisu silula, sihlotshiswe ngamachashaza nemivimbo emnyama. Umsila ulamula ophuzi. Izimpaphe zomsila ezinomngcele omhlophe.
Abesilisa bakhanya kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngentwasahlobo, izingubo zezinyoni zimibalabala ikakhulukazi, zigcwele imibala. Qhakazile siskin esithombeni - lokhu kukhombisa ingubo ka-Ephreli yenyoni yabantu abadala. AmaSiskin afinyelela izimpaphe zawo lapho ethomba. Umbala wabesifazane unamathoni afiphele, akukho cap emnyama ekhanda. Ukwehliswa ngokobulili kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesifazane abanombala onsundu ababonakali kangako ngesikhathi kuchanyuselwa inzalo esidlekeni. Abesilisa be-Emerald babonakala kude.
I-Siskin - inyoni ukukhala, ukwanda. Imihlambi esondelene ihlala inanela amasiginali ahlukahlukene. Ukucula u-siskin inesitayela sayo sokusebenza, kepha ziyakwazi ukulingisa kalula ezinye izinyoni, ikakhulukazi amatiki. Kumnandi ukulalela ama-siskins ehlathini. Bakha umoya wenjabulo, imizwa emnandi.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-siskins aqaphele kakhulu, acashe emiqhele yemithi ephakeme. Abaqaphi abaningi bezinyoni baye baqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi inyoni ikuvumela ukuba usondele kakhulu, ukhombise ilukuluku nobungane. Mhlawumbe yingakho u-siskin omuhle eba yiqhawe lezindaba nezinganekwane, izingoma nezindaba ezahlukahlukene. Abantu baseSiskin baningi, ababangeli ukukhathazeka ngabathandi bemvelo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zisavikelwe.
Izinhlobo zesiskins
Abantu baseSiskin bafaka cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-30. Abaqaphi bezinyoni banezinhlobo eziyi-19, ezihlukile ngokusatshalaliswa, umbala nokuziphatha. Abamele abadumile be-siskins bangatholakala emahlathini e-coniferous, emapaki, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingavamile ezihlala ezindaweni ezikude nabantu.
I-siskin yegolide
I-siskin yegolide. Igama lesibili yi-American goldfinch. Umbala kalamula ushintshela kumbala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo phakathi nesikhathi sokulala. Ngokushesha okubandayo, izakhamuzi zaseNyakatho Melika zindiza ziya eMexico efudumele. Emihlambini emikhulu, ngaphezu kwama-siskins, izinhlobo ezihlobene, isibonelo, umdanso wompompi, zihlala ndawonye. Inyoni ekhohliseka kalula kunayo yonke, ephilayo. Endlini kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala uzizwa ezinokuzethemba, engamesabi umuntu.
Isiskin saseMexico. Ihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, phezulu ezintabeni zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika kusuka ku-900 kuye ku-2000 m.Ngezansi kombala kuphuzi, kanti emuva, izimpiko, umsila nekhanda kumnyama. Kubonisa ukunakekelwa okukhulu, kunzima ukuzibona endaweni yazo yemvelo. Igcina emihlambini emincane. Idla kakhulu imbewu emikhakheni yezolimo.
Isiskin saseMexico
Iphine siskin. Umbala onsundu ngokuphuzi ophuzi, isisu sikhanya ukudlula emuva. Imivimbo ephuzi emaphikweni, umsila. Kuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseNyakatho Melika. Kufika kubantu abayikhulu babuthana ngemihlambi.
Iphine siskin
Siskin somlilo. Izinhlobo ezivikelwe eVenezuela. Umbala okhanyayo ubonakala ezimpikweni ezimnyama zamalahle, ikhanda, umsila kanye nezimpaphe ezibomvu ze-carmine zesifuba nentamo. Kunezimpaphe ezimhlophe esiswini nasezitholelweni. Ubukhulu bezinyoni bukhulu kancane kunabamele abavamile be-siskin. Indoda ebukekayo ingaphansi kokuvikelwa njengenhlobo engavamile.
Umlilo siskin owesilisa (kwesokudla) nowesifazane
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo ebanzi yama-siskins ivumela ukubuka izinyoni cishe yonke indawo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zitholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwekazi, e-Asia, eBritish Isles, eBrazil, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. ISiskin iyinyoni efudukayo, evame ukuvela lapho izinkathi ezifudumele ziphikelela khona noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Lalela izwi le-siskin
Izindawo zokuhlala ziningi. Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinezintaba futhi zihlala emahlathini axubekile. Izwi likaSiskin kungazwakala emahlathini ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, emahlathini otshani, ezihlahleni. Eduze nasekwindla, izinyoni ziyazulazula, zihamba amabanga amafushane ezigodini zemifula eduze nemfudumalo nokudla. Kukhona impikiswano phakathi kwama-ornithologists ukuthi kufanele acabangele izinyoni ezifudukayo noma eziyizinyoni. Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ukufuduka ebusika - ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba nango-Okthoba.
Ngokubanda okubandayo, izinyoni ezincane zivela emahlathini e-alder, ezihlahleni ze-birch, abahlali bedolobha bazibona emapaki nasezigcawini. Uma ama-siskins ekwazi ukuthola ichibi elingabandi, angahlala eduzane ebusika. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, izinyoni azishintshi indawo yazo yokuhlala.
Ekuziphatheni, izinyoni zikhuthele kakhulu, zingabonakala zingenakuphumula. Indlela yangaphakathi yama-siskins ihlukaniswa ngokubumbana, zinamathela ndawonye, zihlala zitholakala eduze. Izinyoni azihlali zodwa. Ngisho nasesikhathini sokukhwelana, izidleke zakhiwa eduze; kungafika kumabhangqa ayisithupha ahleliwe ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane.
Owesilisa (kwesokudla) nowesifazane wesimame waseMelika
AmaSiskin anohlobo lokwabelana kokudla, lapho ukudla “kuhanjiswa” kwamanye amalungu omhlambi ngokuphinda kudliwe. Izinyoni zihlala phezulu ukusuka phansi, phakathi kweziqongo zezihlahla, zicashe emiqhele. Kuyaqabukela ubone isizkin sigxuma phansi.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-siskins amila kalula. Zaziwa njengezi "thambile" kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nama-canaries, ama-goldfinches nezinye izinyoni phakathi kwabahlabeleli. Ukutshiyoza kwesiskin kwakha umoya okhethekile, akukubi. Izinyoni zinqoba nge-wits esheshayo nokukholelwa. Kwesinye isikhathi badinga ukuzungeza indlu ukuvula amaphiko abo, ukwenza izindiza ezincane. Babuyela kalula endaweni yabo yokuhlala ngokuqonda ukuthi lena indawo yabo.
Amafriji adinga ikheji elibanzi lempilo esebenzayo. Kudingeka ukugeza okugeza, ngaphandle kwesitsha sokuphuza. Izimo ezinhle zilungele ukuzalanisa izilwane ezifuywayo. Uzodinga amahlumela we-coniferous ekhoneni lezinyosi, ipulatifomu yesidleke, izinto zokwakha ngendlela yezinsalela zoboya bekotini, izimpaphe, utshani, ubulembu. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni aziphazanyiswa ukuhlanza, futhi ukudla kusala odongeni olubhekene nesidleke. Amathuba wenzalo ayanda lapho izimo zihlangatshezwa.
USiskin endizeni
Ukudla kwasekhaya kufaka izingxube ze-cereal, ezingasuselwa ku-millet, rapeseed, oatmeal, imbewu ye-canary. Imbewu ye-birch, i-alder, i-conifers, kanye ne-dandelion, i-plantain, ifilakisi iyasiza ezinyonini. Bajabulela ama-siskins ngezingcezu zama-apula, izaqathe, futhi abenqabi imifino yensimu.
Ukondla amaphuphu kudinga izengezo zezilwane ezikhethekile. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola izibungu zezinambuzane, khona-ke ukudla kuthuthukiswa ngamaqanda enkukhu. Umkhiqizo obilisiwe ugayiwe, uxutshwe nama-crackers aqoshiwe, izaqathe.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Emvelweni wemvelo, ukudla kwe-siskin kufaka ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ama-siskins adla izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi, ama-aphid, nezimvemvane. Ngekwindla, njengoba bekhula, imbewu yezihlahla ezinamakhaza kanye nezihlahla ezinamahlamvu - i-alder, i-birch, i-poplar, i-fir, i-pine, i-spruce - iba yinto yokwelapha izinyoni. Imbewu yedandelion nembewu yepoppy inenani lokudla okunempilo.
UChizhi udla imbewu ye-sunflower ebusika
Uqhwaku olucijile lwesiskin lukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imbewu yezitshalo zeCompositae - umuthi wobhontshisi, ufulawa wombila, i-meadowsweet, i-sorrel. Izinyoni zithola amantongomane kwizigaxa zezitshalo ze-coniferous. Izinzipho ezinjengezingwegwe zigcina izinyoni emagatsheni ezihlahla zize zilenga zibheke phansi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-siskins womuntu oyedwa athembekile kubalingani bawo impilo yonke. Ukuseshwa kwamabhangqa kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuzalela. Kulula ukubona inyoni ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ngakho-ke ibukeka kanjani i-siskin uhlakaniphile kakhulu futhi uyasebenza - ushicilela ama-trill angapheli, imibuthano ezungeze insikazi enomsila ophakanyisiwe. Ezingomeni, ungezwa ukushintshana okuthile kokukhala, ukungqongqoza nemisindo. Uma owesifazane ephendula isimemo, khona-ke ujoyina indiza, eqinisekisa imvume yakhe enyunyaneni.
Izingosi eziyizintandokazi zezidleke yizona eziqongweni zama-conifers. Isakhiwo samahlumela ezitshalo, ubulembu, utshani, izimpaphe siphezulu kakhulu, okungenani amamitha ayi-10 ukusuka emhlabathini, ukuthi ungabona isidleke kuphela phakathi kohlobo oluhlaza ngengozi. Owesilisa uhlinzeka ngezinto zokwakha, futhi u-siskin wesifazane ubhekele ukwakheka kwesakhiwo. Ngaphakathi, phansi kwezinyoni kufakwe ubulembu naphansi, kwesinye isikhathi kulethwa amatshe amancane. Inganekwane yaseJalimane ithi phakathi kwamatshe anjalo kukhona umlingo.
Izinyoni zingamakhosi okufihla, izidleke zimane zihlangane nemvelo ezungezile. Ngaphandle siskin isidleke ngesimo sesitsha, esimbozwe yizicucu, lichen, ukuze ingahlukaniswa neziqu namagatsha amakhulu. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi insikazi ngesikhathi sokwakha ibeka itshe elingabonakali elifihla isidleke ekuhloleni amehlo.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwesikhathi sokulungiselela, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayisi-5-6 amise okwepheya esidlekeni, anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani. Ku-clutch, amaqanda angahluka ngombala nosayizi. Izinketho zombala zisukela kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okotshani kuya komhlophe Amabala ayashintshana ngemivimbo emincane. Ngesizini, ama-siskins akwazi ukubeka imvuthu eyodwa noma emibili - ngo-Ephreli nasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Isidleke esinamachwane aseMelika Siskin
Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda esidlekeni. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha izinsuku eziyi-12. Owesilisa unakekela ukondleka nokuphepha komlingani wakhe. Ingozi ivela kwizikhova ezidliwayo kanye nokhokho abahlasela ama-siskins. Amaqanda nezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa ama-siskins amancane amaviki ama-2, abazali ngokungakhathali banakekela inzalo, baletha izimbungulu, izibungu zezinambuzane, amacimbi amancane. Ukudla kwesilwane okunothe kakhulu ngamaphrotheni kubalulekile ukuze imvuthu ikhule.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa usenakekela amaphuphu okuqala, kuthi owesifazane aqale ukwakha isidleke esisha eduze. Lapho izimpaphe ziba mnandi, izingane ziyashiya esidlekeni, kepha zisabuyela ukuzoqinisa kubazali, abondla izingane, zisize ukuzimela.
Impilo yama-siskins ezimweni zemvelo iphila isikhathi esifushane - iminyaka eyi-2-3 kuphela, yize ama-ornithologists kwesinye isikhathi alandela umkhondo wokuphila wezinyoni ezinemingcele kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3-6. Ekuthunjweni, impilo ye-pizza yinde - ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-9-10. Isilwane esiphila iminyaka engama-25 saba ngumgcini werekhodi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zifaka isandla ekusindeni kwazo, zivumelane nezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. I-siskin ngayinye efakwe endaweni yasekhaya iba isilwane esihlukile nomngani womndeni.
