Khuthaza ixoxo, njengazo zonke izihlobo zayo, imele iqembu lezilwane eziphila ezweni elingenamsila, ezibalwa izazi zezilwane emndenini wama-pipov. Ngokufanayo, cishe izidalwa zasemanzini kuphela, izidalwa zathola igama lazo ngenxa yobukho bezinzipho ezinama-horny (afinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku-3 mm) ezithweni zangemuva, lapho iminwe yazo emithathu ifakwe khona.
Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-spur, futhi zisebenza ukuvikela ezitheni futhi zisize ukuhlala emanzini.
Ezimweni zemvelo, amaxoxo anjalo ajwayele ukuhlala ezinhlakeni ezinkulu nezincane zamanzi akhona njalo (amachibi, amachibi, imifula ehamba kancane) noma avela okwesikhashana emvelweni (amadlelo ezikhukhula, imisele, amadaka amakhulu), ethanda izindawo ezinokuthula ezinamanzi amile.
Azidingi ukuhlanzeka okukhethekile kwemvelo. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ngokuphelele echibini elinodaka, kuyilapho beqinile futhi bengakwazi ukungadli isikhathi eside. Kepha azikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, zizama ukuchitha impilo yazo yonke endaweni enjalo.
Ngokubukeka, lezi zidalwa zihle futhi ziyathandeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlekisa ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, zilula ukunakekelwa. Kungakho ama-aquarists amaningi, abanolwazi nabasanda kuqalwa, benesifiso sokuwagcina.
Akunzima ukuthola izilwane ezinjalo. Lokhu kungenziwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane, nazo ziyathengiswa emakethe yezinkukhu. Ngokwemvelo, abamele lezi zilwane bangaba nemibala ehlukene, ngokuya ngohlobo: okuluhlaza okotshani, okungajwayelekile nsundu, umzimba wabo ungahlobiswa ngamabala endaweni engempunga.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isisu sabo sihlala sikhanya, kungaba mpunga noma mhlophe. I-Terrariumists imvamisa ikhetha ama-gray specimens, ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-specimens amhlophe, okungukuthi, ama-albino, athandwa kakhulu.
Umzimba walezi zidalwa isicaba futhi unemisipha impela. Imilenze yangemuva, efakwe ulwelwesi, ihlukaniswa ngamandla akhethekile, ngokungafani nezidladla ezincane zangaphambili, inhloso yazo ukuthola ukudla kuphela.
Emzimbeni wezilwane ezinjalo, cishe ukuhlangana nayo, kukhona ikhanda elincanyana, engxenyeni engenhla lapho amehlo anezijwabu zamehlo ezilenga phezu kwazo ehlukaniswa ngokusobala (izitho zombono walezi zidalwa zithuthuke kahle).
Akunzima ukuhlukanisa abesifazane kwabesilisa. Ezokuqala zinkulu kakhulu kunalezi zokugcina, zinobude obufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-13. Zibuye zinikezwe ngokwemvelo ngenqubo ekhethekile - i-ovipositor, engekho kwabesilisa.
Amaxoxo e-Spur aphile ezwenikazi i-Afrika. Izwe lakubo libhekwa njengendawo eseningizimu nesifunda sogwadule iSahara. Abomdabu balezi zindawo bavamise ukusebenzisa lesi sidalwa esiphilayo ekudleni, bakubheka njengokukufanele impela lokhu hhayi okunobuthi.
Ngengozi noma ngamabomu, laba bameleli bezilwane zasemanzini baphinde baziswa eYurophu nasezwenikazi laseMelika, lapho manje sebekhule khona futhi bakhona ezifundeni eziningi ezifanele isimo sezulu.
Ngenxa yezinzipho zazo ezikhazinyulisiwe namandla emvelo, lezi zilwane zikwazi ngempumelelo ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezizingelayo endaweni yazo yemvelo futhi zizingela ukudla, ezikwenza kuphela emanzini.
Izinhlobo
Lolu hlobo lwezidalwa eziphilayo ludume ngokudala kwalo. Izinhlobo eziningana zezinsalela ziyaziwa, isikhathi esiphila kuso eMhlabeni kulinganiselwa emashumini ezigidi zeminyaka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi (futhi kwakusekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21), ochwepheshe behlola izakhi zofuzo zalaba bameleli bezilwane, bakucacisa ngokusobala ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-360 eyedlule, amaxoxo alolu hlobo nabantu babenokhokho oyedwa emhlabeni.
Ezinhlotsheni zamaxoxo anezigaxa manje aziwa endalweni, cishe zingu-18 kuye kwachazwa, kepha ezinhlanu kuphela ezigcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kufanele kushiwo ngokuningiliziwe.
- Ixoxo elijwayelekile le-spur lingenye yezidume kakhulu futhi ezijwayelekile. Abamele lezi zinhlobo banombala oluhlaza okotshani kusisindo esiphelele, babhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu nangempumelelo ngokuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane. Laba bangabantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, nazo ezitholakala eningizimu.
Phakathi nokuphila kwabo, cishe awashiyi amadamu. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizikhathi ezoma kakhulu, lapho, ngenxa yokoma kwabanye, baphoqeleka ukuthi bazulazule futhi bafune ezinye izindawo zamanzi. Njengezilingo zokuhlola, izidalwa ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-biology kanye ne-embryology ezinhlobonhlobo zezilingo zesayensi.
Ngaphezu kombala osuvele ushiwo, umbala wawo ungaba nsundu futhi ube mpunga, kukhona neminye emnyama, emabhuliwe enesisu sikakhilimu.
- Ixoxo le-Albino - umkhiqizo othandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke uthengiswa ngempumelelo njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ubukhona babo uqobo abubangelwa yisiphi isifo noma ukuguquka kwemvelo (njengoba kwenzeka kaningi kwabanye abamele izilwane).
Lesi yisinhlobo esikhuliswe ngokukhethekile e-Institute of Biology eMoscow ngokugcinwa kwe-aquarium. Yini inzuzo yama-albino ngaphezu kwabafowabo, ngaphandle kombala wokuqala, kunjalo, futhi kungani abathandi bemvelo bebathanda kangaka? Okokuqala, lezi zinhlobo zinkulu futhi zifinyelela ku-16 cm ubude.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, azinasendle futhi zijwayela abantu kalula futhi ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kokumhlophe, izidalwa ezinjalo zingaba nomthunzi obomvana obomvana womzimba, obukeka ungowokuqala futhi muhle ngokweqile.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Lezi zilwanyane ezingaphandle zingahlobisa noma iyiphi i-aquarium. Futhi, ukunakekelwa kweselesele akunzima nakancane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ubuqili lapha. Futhi okokuqala kunakho konke ukuhlomisa indawo yokuhlala yalezi zivakashi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubheka eminye imininingwane ebaluleke impela.
- I-aquarium yezilwane zasekhaya ngeke idinge encane, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwamalitha angama-60. Kulokhu, esitsheni sevolumu enikeziwe, kungenzeka ukuthi ungabeki umuntu oyedwa, kepha cishe abayisithupha, ngokuya ngesibalo sokuthi kulowo nalowo osebenza emanzini kungaba nesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Kepha futhi hhayi ngaphansi kokukhonjisiwe, ngoba amaxoxo kufanele anikezwe isikhala esanele sokuphila ngokunethezeka.
- Awukwazi ukugcwalisa i-aquarium ngokumane uthele kusuka empompini bese uqala ngokushesha izilwane ezinjalo emanzini. I-chlorine nezinye izinto eziyingozi zoketshezi olungacwengekile zingabhubhisa izivakashi ezisanda kwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqalisa uhlelo, okuqukethwe komkhumbi kufanele kuvikelwe izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Kunconywa ukuthi unake ukuthi ku-aquarium nokuqhubeka, okungukuthi, ngokunakekelwa kwayo okulandelayo, ukuhlunga kuyadingeka, ngoba lolu hlobo lwama-amphibiya ase-Afrika lungcola kakhulu futhi alwehluki ngenhlanzeko. Bathanda ukumba emhlabathini, befuna okuthile abangazuza ngakho, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amanzi aba namafu aze afike emkhawulweni.
- Phansi kwendlu yamanzi kubekwe ngenhlabathi enhle, amatshe amancane noma isihlabathi somfula. Vele, hhayi ephilayo, kepha izitshalo zokufakelwa zibekwa lapha. Ezangaphambili azifanelekile ngenxa yokuthi ama-spurs wezivakashi ezinjalo asalimaza futhi abhubhise izimbali zemvelo ze-aquarium.
- Kubalulekile ukukhetha isizinda esihle endlini yamanzi bese ubeka indawo yokuhlala lapho ukuze izakhamuzi zizwe ukuphepha kwazo futhi zihlale lapho ngokuthula. Ngokukhanyisa, amaxoxo anjalo awathobeki, kepha kubalulekile ukumboza sonke lesi sakhiwo ngesembozo ukuze abahlali be-aquarium bangakwazi ukuphuma kuso, okungenzeka.
- Kungakuhle ukunakekela olunye uhlobo lokuphepha, kuhlukanise abahlali bendlu yamanzi ezintweni ezibukhali nezesabekayo, kanye nakwezinye izinkinga zalolu hlobo. Ama-amphibians ase-Afrika anovalo ngokwemvelo, futhi uma esaba, aqala ukushesha, abhubhise ngokoqobo konke okusendleleni yawo. Ama-alamu akhethekile kwesinye isikhathi kuze kudingeke abekwe ku-aquarium ehlukile.
- Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amafilimu kawoyela ebusweni bamanzi. Lokhu kudala isithiyo kumaxoxo lapho evuka e-aquarium ukuze adonse umoya ohlanzekile (lokhu kuyadingeka kuma-amphibian futhi kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile).
Yini ongayondla ngexoxo elinezigaxa? Abathobekile impela kulolu daba, kepha bangabazingeli. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukufaka ufulawa nemisundu yomhlaba, amabhu, gazinga, isibindi, inyama kwimenyu yabo. Ungasebenzisa ngempumelelo ukudla kwezinhlanzi okukhethekile.
Awunakudlulisa ngokweqile izilwane ezinjalo, futhi ukudla akufanele kunikezwe ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Kumele kukhunjulwe njalo ukuthi lezi zidalwa zithambekele kakhulu ekweqeni kulezi zindaba. Futhi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile yisifo sabo sokuqala.
Izinto eziningi zithinta inhlalakahle yezidalwa ezinjalo ze-aquarium: okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emvelweni nokuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium. Futhi kungcono ukuqapha lokhu ngakho konke ukuqapha ukuze amasele angaguli. Phela ukunakekela ixoxo elicasuliwe kufaka phakathi nokunakekela impilo yakhe.
Inqwaba yezilwane ezifuywayo, okusho ukuthi, isizukulwane esisha samaxoxo, esizalwa yizona ezedlule, kufanele siphathwe ngezinye izitsha eziningana: amaqabunga esaladi kanye nobisi oluyimpuphu.
Izidalwa ezinjalo, njengoba kungamangalisi, ziyakwazi ukuba abangane bangempela benkosi yazo, sezinamathele kommeleli wohlanga lwesintu ngayo yonke imiphefumulo yazo emincane, zimazi ngisho nangezwi lakhe.
Futhi uma kunesifiso sokukhetha izilwane ezifuywayo ngamagama, kungenzeka ukuthi zizofunda ukuziphendula. Umuntu akufanele acabange ukuthi lezi zidalwa zingezakudala. Banemizwa futhi bayazwela, yingakho izingqondo zabo kufanele zivikelwe futhi zivikelwe ekucindezelekeni.
Ngokuqondene nomakhelwane: kungcono ukungangezi izibankwa nezinhlanzi endaweni yasemanzini yalolu hlobo lwamaxoxo, kusiza kakhulu ukwengeza imihlobiso yokuhlobisa ye-aquarium lapho. Futhi ungabeka izihlobo ezikanye nazo, kepha kuphela ukuze izivakashi ze-aquarium zingagcini kakhulu.
Amaxoxo anjalo womphakathi wohlobo lwawo uqobo awabi namahloni futhi ayayithanda inkampani. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile okukhona amaxoxo amhlophe amhlophe... Babekezelela kalula isizungu futhi bagxila kahle ezimweni eziminyene. Futhi umthamo wamanzi adingekayo ukuze baphile kahle unamalitha angama-8 kuphela.
Obunye ubuqili, ama-albino athanda ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ngisho nozakwabo abaminzile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile bayakwazi ukushwabadela yonke into ebavimbezelayo, abahlupheka kakhulu kuyo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuzalisa izilwane ezifuywayo nakho kuyibhizinisi elilula kakhulu. Kwanele nje ukuthenga ama-amphibian ase-Afrika amabili wobulili obuhlukile, futhi imvelo izokwenzela umnikazi konke okunye. Okwabaphumelelayo ukuzalanisa amaxoxo anezinyosi udinga nje ukubanikeza i-aquarium ehlukile nokudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, kanye nokwengeza kancane inani lokudla.
Futhi ukuze ungacasuli lo mbhangqwana ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kungcono ukwenza ilambu langemuva lisakaze. Kepha lapho nje ixoxo likamama lizalela amaqanda, lezi zithandani kufanele zibuyiselwe endaweni yazo ejwayelekile yokuhlala. Bese ubheka ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane.
Izibungu zizovela emaqandeni cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Ekukhuleni kwabo okulungile, kudingeka izimo ezithile. Okokuqala, ukuhlushwa kwabo kuyathandeka ilitha lamanzi, hhayi ngaphezulu kweshumi. Futhi okwesibili, izinkomba zokushisa kwemvelo yasemanzini akufanele zeqe kakhulu kune-25 ° C.
Esigabeni sohlanga, isizukulwane esisha sinobunzima, ukukhetha kwemvelo kunonya kakhulu. Futhi uma ungathathi isinyathelo, abanamandla abavela kubantwana bazoshwabadela labo ababuthakathaka. Amaxoxo asekhule ngempela anezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ikakhulukazi, le nqubo ingancishiswa kakhulu.
Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani amaxoxo ahlukanisiwe? Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abantu abangazondeli kahle nezifo banganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sabo sokuphila. Kepha ekuthunjweni baphila ngokunethezeka, ngakho-ke, bayakwazi ukubamba ngempumelelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. Kodwa-ke, ama-albino ayaphinda ahlukile. Isikhathi sabo sempilo sifushane kakhulu, imvamisa asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Ngaphezu kwamathuba asevele akhonjisiwe okuthenga isilwane esinjalo, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa amathuba akho esithangamini se-thematic ngokuya kwi-Intanethi. Intengo yeselesele ebanjiwe ingahluka kakhulu.
Kunokunikezwa okungabizi kakhulu lapho izindleko ngcezu ngayinye zingama-ruble angama-50 kuphela. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, intengo yomuntu oyedwa ingakhuphukela kuma-ruble angama-700 noma ngaphezulu.
