Isidalwa esingajwayelekile, sengathi sivela ezinzulwini zasendulo zamakhulu eminyaka, sishaya ngokubukeka okungaqondakali. UKitoglav ifana nozalo lwe-dinosaur noma umfokazi. Uqhwaku olukhulu lwenza inyoni ingaqondakali futhi ibonakale isabisa.
Umhlangano onenhloko yomkhomo emvelweni usuvele uyivelakancane; akuwona wonke ama-zoo angaziqhenya ngesivakashi esihle.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni engafundwanga eyazalelwa empumalanga ye-Afrika. Izazi ze-ornithologists zifakazele ubudlelwano bazo nama-pelican, ngaphezu kwalokho imvelaphi ikhombisa ukuxhumana nezinyoni eziningi zamaqakala: onogolantethe, izindwandwe, imarabou. Umndeni ophethwe whale uhlanganisa nommeleli oyedwa - indlovukazi yasebukhosini, njengoba ibizwa ngenye indlela inyoni yomkhomo.
Ubukhulu besakhamuzi sase-Afrika buyahlaba umxhwele: ukuphakama kungamamitha ayi-1.2-1.5, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-1.4 m, isisindo somuntu ngamunye singu-9-15 kg, ububanzi bamaphiko lapho kuvulwa bungu-2.3 m. Inhloko enkulu noqhwaku olukhulu, olufana nebhakede , awanakulinganiswa ngokuphelele nosayizi womzimba - acishe afane ngobubanzi. Le dissonance yokwakheka akuyona into ejwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni.
Uqhwaku olumangazayo, ubukhulu balo obufinyelela kuma-23 cm ubude nangaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi, lwaqhathaniswa nesicathulo sokhuni, ikhanda lomkhomo - amagama enyoni abonisa lesi sici. Uqhwaku lunengwegwe ehlukile echosheni lokusiza ukubhekana nesisulu.
Intamo ende isekela ikhanda elikhulu, kodwa ekuphumuleni uqhwaku luthola ukwesekelwa esifubeni sale nyoni ukuze kudambise imisipha yentamo. Amehlo aphuzi wenkosi yasebukhosini, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo, abekwe ngaphambili, hhayi ezinhlangothini zogebhezi, ngakho-ke umbono uveza isithombe somhlaba esiyizinhlangothi ezintathu. Ukubukeka okucacile kwamehlo ayindilinga kukhombisa ukuzola nokuzethemba.
Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhanda omkhomo wesilisa nowesifazane ngokubukeka kwawo. Bonke abantu bampunga, umlomo kuphela ophuzi onesihlabathi. Ngemuva kwezinyoni, ungabona i-powder phansi, njengezinduna ezihlobene.
Umzimba omkhulu onomsila omfushane, inyoni ibamba ikhanda elikhulu emilenzeni ephakeme futhi emincane. Ngokuhamba ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, izidladla ezineminwe ehlukene zinika ukuzinza kwenyoni. Ngenxa yokuxhaswa kwayo okubanzi enhlabathini ethambile, i-kitoglav ayiweleli emgodini.
Isici sale nyoni yikhono lokuma linganyakazi isikhathi eside. Ngalesi sikhathi futhi iyawa kitoglav esithombeni, njengokungathi ubeka ngamabomu. Kwelinye lamapaki aseYurophu, inothi lalibhalwe ngokuhlekisa kupuleti lolwazi mayelana nekhanda lomkhomo: usahamba.
Ngokundiza, izinyoni zidonsa ezintanyeni zazo njengezindwandwe, zihambe kamnandi, zindiza isikhathi eside phezu kwamaxhaphozi, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihamba ngezindiza ezincane. Ukuhamba emoyeni kwekhanda elikhulu lomkhomo ngamaphiko asabalele kufana nokundiza kwendiza ukude.
Royal Kitoglav - inyoni ekhuluma kancane, kodwa ekwaziyo ukukhiqiza imisindo eyahlukahlukene:
ukuqhamuka njengezihlobo ezifana nonogolantethe ngomlomo wokudlulisa imininingwane ezihlotsheni;
thokozisa ngokubiza okuthile;
isondo engozini;
"Hiccup" lapho udinga ukucela ukudla.
Kuma-zoo, izinyoni ezimangalisayo ziyaziswa kakhulu, kepha ukuthola nokugcina ikhanda lomkhomo kunzima ngezizathu eziningi:
- imvelo yokudla ethize;
- ubunzima bokuzalela ekuthunjweni;
- indawo elinganiselwe.
Izindleko zabantu ziphezulu. Abantu bomdabu baseMpumalanga Afrika, befuna inzuzo yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, babamba, bathengise amakhanda emikhomo, banciphisa inani labantu basendle, okungabantu abayizinkulungwane ezi-5-8 kuphela abahlukile. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ezingavamile iyancipha, izidleke zivame ukonakala.
Namuhla i-whale glav - inyoni engavamile, ukuphepha kwayo okubangela ukukhathazeka hhayi kuphela kubaqaphi bezinyoni, kodwa futhi nakubantu abahlukahlukene bezazi zemvelo.
Izinhlobo
EBukhosi heron, kitala, ingeyokulandelana konogolantethe. Emndenini onenhloko yomkhomo, yilokhu kuphela okumelwe.
Inyoni eyivelakancane yatholwa ngo-1849, ngonyaka olandelayo, i-whale glav yachazwa ososayensi. Umhlaba ufunde ngalesi simangaliso esinezimpaphe encwadini ka-Bengt Berg wesazi sezinyoni saseSweden ngokuvakasha kwakhe eSudan. Kuze kube namuhla, i-whalefish isalokhu iyinhlobo engacwaningwa kahle uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni.
Izifundo zofuzo zifakazela ubudlelwano bezakhamizi ezinezimpaphe zase-Afrika nama-pelican, yize ngokwesiko zazithathwa njengezihlobo zezindwandwe nonogolantethe. Izingxabano eziningi mayelana nendawo yekhanda lomkhomo esigabeni sabaphathi bezinyoni ziholele ezinqumweni zesayensi zokukubheka njengokuxhumana okungekho phakathi kwama-oda weCopepods neStork.
Umbuzo ka "shoebeak", njengoba abaseBrithani bewabiza kanjalo, usesezingeni lokufunda.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yomkhomo itholakala emaxhaphozini asezindaweni ezishisayo enkabeni nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Njengoba isendaweni yonke, le nyoni ihlala osebeni lweNayile, izindawo zamanzi zaseZaire, eCongo, eTanzania, eZambia, e-Uganda, eKenya, eSouth Sudan kuya entshonalanga ye-Ethiopia. Kulezi zindawo ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoni kuyatholakala - inhlanzi ephefumula ngamaphaphu, noma ama-protopter.
Umlingiswa ohlala phansi futhi ongahlukaniseki yisici sezidalwa ezithobekile nezithule. Wonke umlando wezinyoni uhlotshaniswa namaxhaphozi e-papyrus kanye ne-protopters.
Abantu bahlakazekile futhi bancane ngesibalo. Izinyoni eziningi ziyabonakala eSouth Sudan. Izindawo eziyintandokazi zomkhomo amahlathi omhlanga ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, izinyoni zigwema izindawo ezivulekile.
Izinyoni zivame ukugcinwa zodwa, azivamisile ngababili ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, azihlangani ngamaqembu. Akuvamile ukubona amakhanda amaningi omkhomo ndawonye. Isidalwa esimangalisayo singenamqondo, asifuni ukuxhumana nabantu bezinye izizwe.
Imvelo yasendulo kuphela ecindezela abantu ukuba bahlangane. Izinyoni zichitha impilo yazo emahlathini aminyene amaxhaphozi, zizivikela kubantu ezingabazi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuklabalasa okwenziwa uqhwaku kudalula indawo yesakhamuzi esingaqondakali sasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Amahora amaningi okugodola ngomlomo ocindezelweyo kwenza inyoni ingabonakali phakathi komhlanga nomhlanga. Ungadlula eduze kwaso, ikhanda lomkhomo alihambi ngisho nokunyakaza, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ngeke lisuke.
Inhloko yomkhomo wasebukhosini ayivamile ukusuka. Ukundiza ngamaphiko amakhulu okusakazekile kuhle kakhulu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lucindezelwe esifubeni, aluphazamisi ukunyakaza. Zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zindiza zindiza phansi.
Ngokukhuphuka, njengezinkozi, amakhanda emikhomo asebenzisa imisinga yomoya, awasebenzisi amandla emizamo yokundiza mahhala.
Njengezikhala zokubuka, izindwandwe zasebukhosini zikhetha iziqhingi zezitshalo, kepha zihamba ngezikhathi ezithile exhaphozini. Izinyoni zingangena emanzini zize zifinyelele olayini besisu.
Ama-Kitheads abukeka esabisa nje, kepha wona, njengezindwandwe ezijwayelekile, ahlaselwa yizitha zemvelo. Ngaphezu kokusongelwa yizilwane ezinamaphiko (ukhozi, uklebe), izingwenya ziyingozi enkulu kubo.
Ama-alligator ase-Afrika ahlala emaxhaphozini ngobuningi. Amachwane ekhanda lomkhomo, imvuthu yamaqanda asongelwa ukuhlaselwa yi-marten.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezingandile, ziphephile, zijwayela abantu ngokushesha, zikhohliseka kalula. Abahlali banesimo esinokuthula, bazwana nezinye izilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ekudleni komkhomo, ukudla kwezilwane izilwane zasemanzini neziseduze nasemanzini. I-protopter kusuka kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ze-lobe - "isidlo" esiyintandokazi inhloko yomkhomo, ihlala ezindaweni ezingajulile zemizimba yamanzi, emifudlaneni emifudlana, ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula yezikhukhula.
Isikhathi sokondla izinyoni sivame kakhulu ekuseni, hhayi kancane emini. Ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke iziqhingi ezintantayo zezitshalo zasemanzini kwenziwa, ukuhamba kwenziwa phakathi kwamahlathi. Ibona inyamazane eqhekekile ingekude, i-whale glav ishaya amaphiko ayo, igijimele ukuyihlangabeza ukuze ibambe uqhwaku lwayo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Indebe ibanjwe ngokuphepha.
Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni inyakazisa udaka ukuze ithole ama-mollusk, ama-amphibians. Ngomlomo wayo obanzi, i-king heron ingabamba ngisho nengwenya yengane. Uma i-whale glav isusa inhlanzi ezitshalweni, idabule ikhanda layo ngaphambi kokudla, khona-ke amagundane amakhulu angagwinywa ephelele.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuzingela kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemizila yezindlovu nezimvubu. Ezindaweni ezincishiswe yizilwane ezinkulu, izilwane zihlala zinqwabelana, izinhlanzi eziningi. Imisele yokufakelwa iheha izinyoni eziningi.
Izazi zezinyoni zikholelwa ukuthi i-angler yezinyoni engcono kunazo zonke ikhanda lomkhomo. Okudlayo indlovukazi yasebukhosini, uma ungakwazi ukwanelisa indlala yakho nge-protopters?
Ukuzingela i-tilapia, i-polypterus, i-catfish, izinyoka zamanzi, izimfudu zenziwa kusukela ekuqamekeleni, i-heron yasebukhosini ilinde ngesineke ukubukeka kwayo nendlela eza ngayo. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ifaka ikhanda layo emanzini ukuze ifune inhlanzi ebhukuda ngomlomo wayo, njengenetha levemvane, kanye namaxoxo kanye ne-substrate. Indlela yokubamba inyamazane ifana nokuziphatha kwama-pelican.
Umdobi onekhono uhlala ezingela abantu besizwe sakubo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinyoni okungenani lingamamitha angama-20.
Ukuluthwa kwama-gourmets ezinhlanzini eziphefumula kabili kuchazwa ukwakheka okuthile komlomo, okuguqulelwe "kumenyu" ethile. Ukulahleka komthombo oyinhloko wokudla kulimaza amakhanda emikhomo, noma ngabe ondliwa ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuphela kwenkathi yemvula, kuqala isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamakhanda emikhomo. Ngokungafani nezinyoni ezinesithembu, ukukhwelana kwenzeka kanye kuphela ezindlwaneni zasebukhosini. Ukukhethwa kozakwethu kwenzeka ngesikhathi semidanso yokukhwelana, ukubingelela ngokunqekuzisa ikhanda, ukunweba intamo, izingoma ezihlabayo nezithulu, ukuchofoza umlomo.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwakha isidleke. Isakhiwo siyipulatifomu enobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-2,5. Indawo ifihliwe ekuhloleni amehlo ngamahlathi aminyene. Ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla umhlaba, amakhanda emikhomo akha izidleke ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, iziqhingi ezifanele ezindaweni ezingahambeki.
Izinto zokwakha ziqoqwa izinyoni. Ngaphansi kwesidleke, kubekwa izingongolo zepapyrus nomhlanga, ngaphakathi kwethileyi kugcwele utshani obomile, amakhanda omkhomo abachoboza ngezidladla zabo.
Bamba ngokuvamile iqukethe amaqanda 1-3. Ebusuku, owesifazane uyabafudumeza ngemfudumalo yakhe, kuthi ngesikhathi sasemini, uma kunesidingo, apholise amanzi alethwe ngomlomo wakhe njengesigaxa. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwenzalo. Ukufukamela kuhlala inyanga. Abazali bayashintshana ngomsebenzi esidlekeni.
Amachwane achanyuselwe ngobunsundu obukhulu obukhulu phansi, uqhwaku oluxhunyiwe lukhona ngisho nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Insikazi yondla izingane ekuqaleni ngokubhinca i-goiter. Ngemuva kwenyanga, imvuthu isivele ikwazi ukugwinya izingcezu zokudla okulethwe. Ukugeza izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ekushiseni kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo namaqanda, zilethwa ngamanzi emlonyeni womfazi.
Njengomthetho, kusinda indlalifa eyodwa kuphela, ethola ukudla nokunakwa okuningi. Ukuthola imvuthu yokudla kuyashesha ngokuthepha emilenzeni noma emlonyeni womfazi. Kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili inhloko yomkhomo ayinakwehlukaniswa nabazali, bese iqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuzimela.
Ezinyangeni ezine ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwekhanda lomkhomo elincane ephikweni, ukuhlukana nesidleke salo somdabu kuyenzeka, kepha ukubuyela ekhaya kusenzeka.
I-kitoglav ithola imisebenzi yokuzala ineminyaka engama-3. Isikhathi esiphilwa yizinyoni iminyaka engama-36. Imfuyo incipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala edingekayo.
Umsebenzi wabantu uthatha ngolaka izilwane zasendle. Ekuthunjweni, ukuzalanisa izinyoni kunzima.
UKitoglav akakwazi ukumangaza umuntu kuphela, kodwa nokwenza umuntu acabange ngokuphepha komhlaba wemvelo omangalisayo, lapho konke kuxhunyaniswe khona futhi kuyavumelana.
