Ukusakaza kungenye yezinto zokuqala ezenziwa ngumuntu. Inqubo iphelele futhi ayiphelele. Lesi sakamuva sasetshenziswa eRoma lasendulo kwezinye izigqila. Abantu abacebile babebasebenzisela ukuzijabulisa ngokocansi. Ukusakazwa okungaphelele kukhiphe ithuba lokukhulelwa.
Manje ukusebenza okungaphelele kubizwa ngokuvala inzalo futhi kusetshenziswa, njengokuphelele, ezilwaneni. Ngokuvamile amakati enza inqubo. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezigcwele nezingaphelele futhi kungani izilwane ezifuywayo?
Umongo wokuthena ikati
Ukusatshalaliswa kwekati - Lokhu ukususwa kwamasende. Ngesikhathi sokuvala inzalo, bavimba kuphela iziteshi zabo. Isidoda asikwazi ukweqa ngokwemvelo, siphuka emasendeni nasengxenyeni efinyelelekayo yemisele. Amaprotheni asetshenziswa ngama-phagocyte - amangqamuzana egazi abamba futhi asebenzise izinto ezingadingekile.
Inzalo ivikela amazinga e-hormonal, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone. Ngakho-ke, isimilo sekati asiguquki, ukukhanga kwabobulili obuhlukile, umsebenzi, ubudlova besilisa buhlala.
Ikati ngemuva kokuthenwa iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba ukususwa kwamasende kuholela ekwehleni kwezinga lamahomoni. Ngokuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone, isilwane sihambisana ngokungenanhlonipho, sizolile, asibonisi intshisekelo kumakati.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuthena. Owokuqala uvulekile. I-scrotum kanye nolwelwesi oluvamile lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, oluhlanganisa amasende futhi olunokuphuma emgodini wesisu ngomsele wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kuyasikwa. Isende ngokwalo liyasuswa.
Kulokhu, i-ligament yesitho sangasese sowesifazane isikwa eduze kwe-epididymis. I-ligament e-fibrous ixhuma izingqimba zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ze-scrotum. Ukusika i-ligament kuvumela intambo yesidoda ukuthi ivule ngangokunokwenzeka. Phezulu phezulu, i-ligature ibekwa - intambo yokugqoka.
Intambo engezansi kwayo inqunywa ebangeni eliyisentimitha. Umsila we-epididymis emgodleni we-tunica nawo uyasikwa. Izenzo ziyaphindwa engxenyeni yesibili yesikhumba futhi amanxeba afafazwe ngesibulali magciwane. Ama-suture awasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuthena.
Indlela yesibili ivaliwe. Umongo wokuthena ikati kulokhu, kuncishiselwa ekusikeni kwesikhotha kuphela. Ulwelwesi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngaphansi kwalo lusontekile ama-degree angu-180, luthungiwe futhi luboshwe nge-ligature endaweni ephezulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, kumayelana nokuvala inzalo. Amasende ayagcinwa. Kepha, ukuphuma komgodi wesisu kuvinjiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuyivimba amakati anezimbobo ezikhulisiwe ze-inguinal. Ziyanda kubantu asebekhulile kanye nabantu abane-hernias.
Ingxoxo ehlukile ukususwa kwama-cryptorchids. Kula makati, ama-testes noma elinye lawo ligcinwa emzimbeni womzimba noma emgodini we-inguinal. Okungahambi kahle kuholela ekwandeni kobudlova nokwanda kokushayela ucansi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, isikhumba sinqunywe ngokungalingani endaweni yendandatho ye-inguinal.
Ukusikwa okungu-5cm kuvame ukwanele ukususa ama-testes. Kulokhu, udinga ukubuyisa emuva imithambo yegazi ingoinal bese ucindezela amafutha angaphansi ngezandla zakho. Ngezandla, amasende ayathambeka futhi alulwe ngangokunokwenzeka. I-ligature isetshenziswa kusihlanganisi sayo ngokusemandleni. Kusikiwe kwenziwa ngezansi.
Odokotela abahlinzayo banakekela ukuthi amakati achama ngokungafuni lapho esika ama-tubules aseminiferous. Le jet ingashaya ebusweni bukadokotela. Kubalulekile futhi ukubheka uhlobo lokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho kusakazwa ama-cryptorchids anezinhlangothi ezimbili, abekwa emihlane yawo, elungisa izidladla zawo.
I-anesthesia ejwayelekile iyadingeka. Uma i-cryptorchus ingeyodwa, ibekwa ohlangothini lwayo ngamasende abekwe kahle. Isikhathi sokuthena amakati yimizuzu engama-20-30.
Ikati kufanele lithengelwe eminyakeni emingaki
Ikati kufanele lithengelwe eminyakeni emingaki kuya ngesimo sayo. Ngakho-ke, i-cryptorchidism yesikhashana kungenzeka. Ngaphambi konyaka owodwa, ama-testes angahle ehle. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-2 wokuphila kwekati le-cryptorchus, kuphakama umbuzo wokuthena.
Uma ama-testes enendawo efanele yomzimba futhi kuthathwe isinqumo sokuthena, ukuhlinzwa kunconywa ezinyangeni eziyi-7-9. Umkhawulo ongezansi ukuqala kokuthomba. Ngenyanga ye-11, kuvame ukuphela.
Uma usebenza kwenye ikati, kunengozi enkulu yokuba nezinkinga. Zithinta uhlelo lokuchama. Ama-adhesion akhiwa eziteshini zawo. Zivimba i-ureter. Kubangela inqubo yokuvuvukala ehambisana nesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuthena.
Okwamanje, amakati amancane anamapheshana amancane womchamo. Ukuvuvukala, okuyizilwane ezindala ezikubekezelela kalula, kususwa amantshontsho ngemiphumela emibi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwekati ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala akugcini kakhulu ngezinkinga zempilo njengokuya ocansini okungafuneki nabesifazane, ukulwela indawo nabantu bobulili obufanayo.
Ungayilungiselela kanjani ikati lakho ukuze lithunyelwe
Ngaphambi kokuthena ikati hlola. Impilo yohlelo lwe-genitourinary nenhliziyo ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Lesi sakamuva sihlolwa, kucatshangelwa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Nge-pathology yemisipha yenhliziyo, izinkinga kungenzeka, kufaka phakathi ukufa.
Kuphoqelekile ukubeka ikati ezinsikeni nasekwelashweni kwangaphandle kusuka kuma-parasites. Zenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuthenwa. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-anthelmintic yangaphambilini kwenziwa ngenyanga noma ngaphansi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, akudingeki okwesibili.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukutholakala kwemigomo ejwayelekile kuyahlolwa. Kwakudlula inyanga noma ngaphezulu selokhu kwagonywa okokugcina.
I-serum ekhethekile inikezwa amakati ngaphandle kokugoma. Kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunikeza ukuthuthukiswa kokuzivikela komzimba amasonto ama-2.
Emahoreni ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ikati alinikwa lutho lokudla futhi linikezwa amanzi amancane. I-Anesthesia ivusa isifiso sokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke ukuthi i-asphyxia ayenzeki, okungukuthi, ukuminyaniswa ngesihlanzo, isisu namathumbu kufanele kukhishwe.
Abanikazi kudingeka ukuthi balungise ipasipoti yezilwane yekati enezimpawu zokugoma, ingubo, isithuthi esiphathekayo esiguqukayo, inabukeni elilahlwayo njengokulala embanjeni nakumaphaphu. Lesi sethi sithathwa ukuze sihlinzwe. Kudingeka ukusula uma kwenzeka uhlanza.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuthena
I-Anesthesia ngemuva kokuthena ikati Isuka lapho isilwane sisendleleni eya ekhaya, noma sesisekhaya. Le nqubo ayilindelekile, ngokwengxenye incike ekulungisweni kokuhlinzwa, ukunemba komthamo womuthi nokuphendula ngakunye kwesilwane kuso.
Kungase kube nesiyaluyalu lapho uhoxa ku-anesthesia. Ngakho-ke, ibhokisi lokuthwala elibanzi elinesihloko sokuvala liyadingeka. Akuvunyelwe ukuthwala ikati ezandleni zakho noma esihlalweni semoto.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kuze kube umzuzu wokukhululwa ku-anesthesia, ikati kufanele lilale ngohlangothi. Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesilwane, ukuhleleka okuthile ukuthenwa kwekati ekhaya.
Ngaphansi kwethonya le-anesthesia, isilwane asikwazi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba waso. ngakho-ke ukunakekela ikati ngemuva kokuthenwa inikeza ukuhlinzekwa kokushisa. Ngosuku lokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, isilwane sisongwe ngengubo efudumele, kubekwa iphedi yokushisa noma ibhodlela eligcwele amanzi afudumele. Zibekwa eduze ngemuva kwekati.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafaki ukushisa kwe-perineum. Lokhu kungadala ukuvuvukala noma ukopha. Uma ucabanga ngalokhu, othwala akufanele abekwe eduze kwebhethri, indawo yomlilo. Okusalungiswa nakho kufanele kukhishwe.
Umthwali, noma indawo yokulala, lapho ikati lihamba khona ekhaya, kufanele libe phansi. Isilwane esingakabi ngokwanele ngemuva kwe-anesthesia singawela phezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-narcotic, amakati awawavali amajwabu amehlo awo. Lokhu kuholela ekomeni kwe-cornea futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuvukala. Inqubo kufanele ivinjelwe. Kwanele ukuvala izinkophe zesilwane njalo ngemuva kwesigamu sehora bese ubhucunga ngobumnene phezu kwezinkophe zamehlo.
Akuwona nje kuphela amehlo ekati aswele ngokweqile kusuka ku-anesthesia. Umzimba wonke uphelelwa ngamanzi. Lokhu kuholela ekomeni. Lapho nje ikati liqina, ligibela ezinyaweni zalo, kubalulekile ukulinika amanzi ahlanzekile. Kunconywa ukuthi isitsha esinaso sime eduze kwesithwali.
Amakati ondliwa okungenani amahora angama-20 ngemuva kokuthenwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lezilwane linesikhathi sokuqina futhi likhombise intshisekelo ekudleni. Awukwazi ukuyinika ngenkani. Uma ikati licela ukudla, unikezwa umhluzi wenyama, i-kefir noma i-cottage shizi.
Izinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ikati linikezwa ukudla okujwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuguqukela ekudleni okukhethekile kwezilwane ezithenjiwe kwenziwa kahle. Kukhiqizwa ukudla okomile.
Isikhathi esincane ikati eshiya i-anesthesia ngamahora ama-2, kanti inani eliphakeme lusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi kaningi ikati limaka ngemuva kokuthena... Ukuchama akunazibopho. Ungasijezisi isilwane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, isilwane sizokwazi ukulawula ukuchama futhi.
Kuvunyelwe ukugeza ikati cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuthena. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanxeba asephelile. Uma ukuhlanza kudingeka ngaphambili, sebenzisa i-shampoo eyomile noma ama-wipe amanzi. Kuyafaneleka ukubeka phezulu kukhola okhethekile.
Lokhu kwenzeka uma ikati likhotha amanxeba alo. Ulimi olunolaka lungaphazamisa ukwelashwa kwabo. Ukhololo udayiswa emakhemisi ezilwane zezilwane nasezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo. Amanye amakati afaka ukhololo izinsuku ezi-7. Ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo azibonisi ntshisekelo ezinxebeni zangemva kokuhlinzwa. Lapho-ke ukhololo awugqokiwe.
Ubuhle nobubi bokuthena
Ubuhle nobubi bokususa ikati engozini - uhlu oluhlukile kumbono wososayensi nabantu abavamile. Izilwane zezilwane zibona izinto ezinhle kuphela ekusebenzeni. Amakati angenalutho aphila iminyaka eyi-1.5-2 ubude kunokujwayelekile, awamaki indawo yawo futhi awakhombisi ulaka.
Izilwane ziyayeka ukugunda ebusuku bese zilalela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakhohlwa nge-prostate adenoma kanye nokutheleleka ngokobulili. Abasongeli ikati elitheniwe. Izinqubo ze-tumor ngemuva kokuhlinzwa nazo akunakwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane esincane singenelele.
Abanikazi bamakati bathola ukungathathi hlangothi nokubi, beqaphela ukuthi izilwane eziningi zikhuluphele. Lokhu kungenxa yobuvila balabo abahlinzwa. Ukuhola impilo yokuhlala phansi nokungabi nandaba nabobulili obuhlukile, kumele ukuthi uthole induduzo ekudleni.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungumphumela wokudla okungakhethwanga kahle nokudla, kusho odokotela bezilwane.
Odokotela bavuma inhloso eyodwa kuphela yokususa - ukwanda kwengozi yokuthola i-urolithiasis. Le ngxenye idinga ucwaningo oluhlelekile.
Intengo yenqubo
Izindleko zokusakaza ikati ilele ebangeni lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-1-7. Ubuncane bucelwa yimitholampilo ejwayelekile yesabelomali, futhi okuphezulu kuyimfihlo.
Ukuvakasha kukadokotela ohlinzayo kubiza cishe ngama-30% kunokuhlinzwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Ngokwengxenye, intengo incike esifundeni nasesimweni sekati. Ukwenza i-cryptorchus, ngokwesibonelo, kunzima kakhulu.
Ukusakaza kungumsebenzi olula. Ukuqhathanisa, inani lentengo elincane lokuvala inzalo ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-3. Isicelo singenxa yesikhathi sokungenelela, ubunzima baso, izindleko zemithi
