Incazelo nezici
Impilo ngaphansi kwesembozo sasebusuku, umkhuba wokucasha emakhoneni ayimfihlo emini bese ulele, ulenga ubheke phansi, kanye nokunye ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwalezi zilwane kubangele izinganekwane nezinkolelo-ze eziningi ezizungeze ubuntu bazo.
Esikhathini esedlule, babebhekwa njengemvampires, futhi izakhamizi zamakhulu eminyaka adlule zaziqiniseka ukuthi, njengoba kufanele izidalwa zalolu hlobo, zondla igazi labantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Futhi ukuqagela okunjalo akuzange kusungulwe ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ngokungangabazeki, lezi yizidalwa ezingavamile kakhulu zemvelo, futhi izici zazo, ngaphandle kwehaba, zehlukile. Lezi zidalwa zabizwa ngokuthi amalulwane ngosayizi wazo omncane nemisindo eziyenzayo, okufana nokuncinza.
Kodwa-ke, yimaphi amagama eziteketiso abanikezwe wona kuphela. Isibonelo, eRussia babebizwa ngokuthi ilulwane elinezindlebe ezinde, ilulwane, ilulwane nezinye izinto eziningi.
Amalulwane ahamba nge-echolocation
Ilulwane - ayihlobene namagundane isilwane futhi okushiwo izazi zezilwane ngokulandelana kwamalulwane. Okuhlukile kwalaba abamele izilwane zomhlaba, okubandakanya namalulwane ezithelo, ukuthi lezi yizilwane kuphela ezincelisayo ezingahamba emoyeni, ngoba zinamaphiko.
Abayizimfundamakhwela bakholelwa ukuthi izinyoni kuphela ezingaba nomhlobiso onjalo. Kepha leli iphutha elikhulu, ngoba kuvela ukuthi izilwane zingandiza esibhakabhakeni. Futhi ilulwane liyisiqinisekiso esicacile salokhu.
Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphiko ezilwane ezincelisayo awafani neze nezingxenye ezifanayo zomzimba wezinyoni. Kululwane, lezi ulwelwesi nje olubanzi oluxhuma izitho zesilwane, zelulwe phakathi kwazo, okungukuthi, sengathi phakathi kwezingalo nezinzwane zazo ezinde ngokumangalisayo ngaphambili, kanye nemilenze nomsila ngemuva.
Izimpiko ezinjalo, ezakha ingxenye enkulu yobukhulu besilwane sonke, zingaba neminyaka ecishe ibe yimitha. Kodwa lokhu kuphela kuzinhlobo ezinkulu, ngoba kungenzeka ukusho njengesibonelo abamele lesi sizwe ubukhulu besinambuzane.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi amaphiko ezilwane ezinjalo asetshenziselwa inhloso yawo kuphela. Zidlala futhi nohlobo lwengubo lapho lezi zidalwa zizisonga khona, zigcina ukufudumala kwazo kusimo sezulu esibi.
Inhloko yezilwane ezindizayo inesimo esincane esiyindilinga. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ngothambile, ompunga omnyama noma onsundu, kwezinye izimo zamanye ama-shades, uboya. Kungahluka: kukhulu futhi kube shaggy noma kube kufushane, ngisho nokuncane.
Lezi zilwane cishe zikhona lapho zindiza, ngakho-ke izitho zazo ziguqulwa ngokuxakile futhi azithuthuki, kepha zigcina ngozipho oluqinile. Umsila ombozwe ngoboya usiza amalulwane ukuba enze imizamo eyinkimbinkimbi endizeni.
Ukubona kwezidalwa ezinjalo kubuthakathaka, futhi azizwa kunesidingo esikhethekile sazo, ngoba izilwane zichitha iningi lempilo yazo ebumnyameni. Kodwa izindlebe zinkulu impela, futhi lezi zitho ziphakamisa ngokuphelele imisindo ehlukahlukene, engahlukaniseki ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa okusiza amalulwane ukuba ahambe emkhathini. Imisindo ebakhiphayo njengamagagasi omsindo ibonakala ezintweni ezizungezile futhi isiza amalulwane ukuthi enze isithombe sangempela esikhona ebuchosheni babo.
Okwesidleke, amalulwane akhetha izindawo ezimnyama, ezinokuthula lapho angacasha khona elangeni.
Le ndlela yokubona izinto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-echolocation.
Izinhlobo zamalulwane
Ilulwane likusiphi isigaba?, sesivele sakuthola. Naphezu kokubukeka kwazo okungajwayelekile nezici ezihlukile, izidalwa ezinjalo ziseseyisilwane esincelisayo. I-suborder yabo inegama elifanayo nezilwane uqobo, okungukuthi: amalulwane.
Ukutadisha okuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo zazo kuyinkimbinkimbi yendlela yokuphila efihliwe lezi zilwane ezisetshenziselwa ukuyihola. Kepha okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba amakhulu ayisikhombisa zezilwane ezinjalo ezindizayo.
Ingabe zingama-vampire ngempela? Uma sihlukanisa amalulwane ngohlobo lokudla, khona-ke kunezinhlobo ezinjalo eMhlabeni, kepha zintathu kuphela. Kodwa-ke zithakazelisa ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke zifanele incazelo ekhethekile.
- I-vampire evamile iyinhlobo edume kakhulu, eye yaba yiqhawe lezindaba eziningi, ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi. Abamele bayo babizwa nangokuthi abancancisi begazi abakhulu futhi bahlala ezwenikazi laseMelika emazweni afana ne-Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico.
Lezi zidalwa zenza ngokuvumelana negama lazo, zinikeze isithombe sokuthi zimbi kakhulu. Imvamisa bayahlangana emakoloni amakhulu ngenani labantu bese bahlala emihumeni efihlekile. Lapho bacasha emini benozakwabo, balale besesimweni esibheke phansi. Futhi bayaphuma bayozingela ebusuku kuphela, bahlasele izinkomo, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nomuntu.
Futhi, amaqembu amancane alezi zidalwa angathatha isifiso sokuya ezimayini ezilahliwe, imigodi yezihlahla ezinkulu ngisho nasophahleni lwezakhiwo eziwohlokile. Kepha kuyo yonke imikhuba yazo emibi, ubukhulu balezi zilwane buncane kakhulu, futhi abunesisindo esingeqile ku-50 g kuphela.
- I-vampire enamaphiko amhlophe, njengezinhlobo zangaphambilini, itholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika, ezifundeni zalo ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu. Kodwa lezi zidalwa zincane kancane kunama-vampire ajwayelekile futhi zihlasela izinyoni kuphela.
Agqamile ngomthunzi obomvu onsundu ngokubomvu, isisu sawo sikhanya kancane.
- IVampire enemilenze enoboya isakhamuzi esifundeni esifanayo. Laba bameleli bezilwane bayathakazelisa ngoba abesabi abantu nhlobo, bangabavumela basondele kubo futhi bavume ukuthathwa ezandleni zabo.
Kepha banomkhuba wokuya kuzisulu zabo benganakiwe nhlobo. Futhi zombili izilwane nezinyoni zingaba izisulu. Uboya bezilwane ezinjalo bumpunga onsundu.
Izici zabo kufanele zifake phakathi ukungabikho kokuzwa okunamandla kakhulu okuvela kwezinye izihlobo. Lezi zilwane zinombono othuthuke ngokwengeziwe.
I-vampire enemilenze enoboya ingandizela eduze kwabantu ngaphandle kokwesaba
Ngokungafani nabanye abantu, ezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane ziyizidalwa ezingenabungozi ngokuphelele. Azondli ngegazi, kepha zondla kuphela izitshalo noma izinambuzane.
Yize kukhona labo abavame ukudideka nabantu besizwe esincela igazi, ngakho-ke baphathe ngokuqapha. Kodwa ukubukeka kwama-specimens we-herbivorous and insectivorous nakho kunezici ezithakazelisayo, kanye nokuziphatha kwabo kuhlukaniswa nezici ezicacile zomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, ezinye zazo nazo zifanelekile incazelo eningiliziwe.
- I-vampire yamanga yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke kulolu hlobo lwesilwane esincelisayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-vampires wangempela amancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Amaphiko esidalwa esinjalo ngokwesilinganiso cishe angama-70 cm.
Laba bantu bazondla kuphela ngama-amphibians, izibankwa, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nezithelo zezitshalo. Ngokubukeka, lolu hlobo lwehlukile kwizizukulwane zalo ngesimo sezindlebe esime kakhudlwana.
Umzimba wezilwane ezinjalo umbozwe ngoboya obunsundu noma obumpunga. Imilenze inamapayipi athambile nezinzipho ezigobile ezifana nezingwe.
I-vampire yamanga emele amalulwane
- Isikhathi esikhulu sasebusuku sivamile eYurophu. Lawa malulwane nawo ahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseRussia, lapho zithathwa njengezikhulu kunazo zonke esizweni sazo. Kwezinye izimo, amaphiko azo afinyelela uhhafu wemitha, isisindo esilinganisiwe singama-75 g.
Laba bameleli bezilwane baphawuleka kakhulu hhayi ngosayizi wabo omangalisayo, kepha nangombala wabo okhanyayo, ungaba nsundu noma ubomvu. Isisu sabo, njengokujwayelekile kumalulwane amaningi, sikhanya ngokukhanyayo.
Impilo yonke, izilwane zikhetha izigaxa zezihlahla, zondle izinambuzane. Lapho kubanda, bandizela ezifundeni ezifudumele.
- Ilulwane elinekhala lengulube lincane kangangokuba kulula ukuliphambanisa nenyoni enkulu. Futhi izidalwa ezinjalo zinesisindo esingu-2 g kuphela.Zingabantu abahlala kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Asia naseThailand, ezibhekwa njengezijwayelekile kulezi zifunda.
Zizingela izinambuzane ezincane, ziqoqane ngemihlambi. Umbala unombala onsundu, kwezinye izikhathi unombala ompunga. Amakhala abo abukeka njengenhlamba yengulube, lezi zidalwa ezizenzele igama lazo.
- I-harelip enhle. Lezi zinhlobo zamalulwane ziyathakazelisa ngokudla okukhethekile nokukhetha ukunambitheka kwazo. Futhi zondla izinhlanzi ezincane, amaxoxo nenkalankala, zihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, bangazingela emini. Ukubukeka kwezilwane nakho kuyamangaza, nokwakheka kwesifonyo nezindlebe okufana nezindlwana. Ijazi labo libomvu, likhanya kakhulu.
Isisindo sikhulu impela - cishe ngama-80 g. Bahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Argentina naseningizimu yeMexico, kanye nakwezinye iziqhingi ezinesimo sezulu esifanayo.
Ilulwane elikhulu le-harelip
- Ibhethi elinsundu elinezindlebe ezinde litholakala e-Eurasia nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika. Izindiza zisuka ezindaweni ezibandayo ebusika ziye ezifundeni ezifudumele. Inombala ongakhanyi kakhulu, imvamisa iba nsundu ngokumpunga, futhi inesisindo esingu-12 g kuphela, kepha inezindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi badlula ubukhulu bomzimba ngobude. Futhi yilezi zitho ezinikeza isilwane amandla okuzwa kahle yonke imisindo. Futhi lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuba sihambe ngokungangabazeki ebumnyameni obukhulu phakathi nokuzingela ebusuku.
Ukuba khona kwezindlebe ezinkulu kwanikeza igama lelulwane - ilulwane elinsundu elinezindlebe ezinde
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngokwesiko kanye nezinsumansumane zabantu abaningi, izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukwethulwa njengezinhlamvu ezimbi ezethusayo. Abantu basendulo babengazihlanganisi nama-vampire kuphela, kodwa futhi nobunye ububi: ama-werewolves, abathakathi, abathakathi.
Lezi zidalwa zenze ubuntu nobumnyama, kepha yingakho kunjalo ilulwane lesilwane totemisebenza njengophawu oluphambene ngokuphelele - ukuzalwa kabusha: ukwenqatshwa kwakho konke okungasasebenzi, ukufa kwemikhuba nemibono yakudala, ngakho-ke ukungena empilweni entsha.
Uma ubala izindawo zeplanethi lapho kuhlala khona abameleli bezilwane, kufanele usho zonke, weqe kuphela emaphethelweni eqhwa laphakade neqhwa, kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezizungezwe ulwandle, ngoba lawa maflaya ayengeke nje afike lapho.
Izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi ilulwane lingazimela cishe noma kuphi, kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu nasezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuphela kwento ayidingayo ngempela indawo yokuhlala ethule, lapho angathola khona ithuba lokucasha elangeni elizondwayo emini.
Izidalwa ezinjalo futhi azikubekezeleli ukuxokozela nokuphithizela, kepha nasemadolobheni amakhulu zingakhetha uphahla olungavakashelwa kangako, noma ngabe lisesakhiweni sokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, zingathulwa ngokufanele, njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ilulwane akamesabi umuntu.
Kepha abanye abantu bayazesaba izivakashi ezinjalo, ubandlululo luthinta nje. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli abathandi bezangaphandle ukuthi bagcine lezi zidalwa ezithokozisayo njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Endle, ngokwesibonelo, kolunye uhlobo lomhume omkhulu ongaqondakali, amakoloni alezi zilwane angaba ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zamalungu, ngisho nezigidi zabantu. Esikhoselweni esinjalo, baphumula emini, bazinamathisela ngozipho oluqinile ezinqeni, zilenga njengezithelo ezivuthiwe, zibheke phansi.
Kepha ngaphandle kokuminyana okuningi nokuhlangana emiphakathini, amalulwane awakwazi ukubizwa ngezilwane zomphakathi. Izifiso zabo zenhlalo yomphakathi aziboniswa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Baxhumana okuncane nezihlobo zabo. Balala nje ndawonye emini, kuphelele lapho. Futhi zizingela zodwa ebusuku.
Uma amalulwane ehlala ezifundeni ezingathandeki ngokwesimo sezulu, ebusika ajwayele ukuyofuna izindawo ezimnandi nezifudumele. Futhi ukuhamba okunjalo kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi lezi zidalwa zivele zikhethe ukungena ebusika obujwayelekile.
Amalulwane angabutha izigidi zamakholomu
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isakhiwo samazinyo wabamele ngamunye bale suborder sihlukile futhi sincike ngqo endleleni yokondla izinhlobo ezithile. Izinhlobo ezimunca igazi zinamazinyo ambalwa, zinezicucu ezingama-20 kuphela, kodwa zidume ngamazinyo azo amade. Amanye amalulwane anama-38.
Kodwa-ke, amazinyo abo axega futhi asebenza kunokugaya ukudla okuluhlaza okungena emlonyeni. Ezinye izinhlobo ezimunca igazi ziyakwazi ukudala ingozi enkulu kuzisulu zazo, ngoba ama-enzyme angena egazini lezisulu kanye namathe ezilwane ezihlaselayo lapho elunywa angadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi.
Futhi uma ukuhlaselwa kwenziwa yiqembu lonke, ngokwesibonelo, ama-vampire ajwayelekile, kepha umphumela obulalayo ungaphezu kwamathuba.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ubusuku bezidalwa ezinjalo yisikhathi sokuzingela, futhi impilo yazo esebenzayo iqala ngemisebe yokugcina yelanga ephumayo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo aziziboni izisulu zazo, kodwa ziyezwa, zibambe ukunyakaza kwazo okuncane.
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ngaphezu kwezinto ezincane ezinamaphiko nezinambuzane ezikhasayo, ziyakwazi ukudla imisundu, izinhlanzi ezincane, amaxoxo. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezanele ezidla izithelo kuphela futhi ziphuze umpe wezimbali.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kwenzeka kanjani ngempela ukuqomisana nokuhlangana okwalandela kwalezi zidalwa kunzima kososayensi ukuthola ngokuningiliziwe, bakhetha ukuphila impilo efihliwe kakhulu.
Amanye amalulwane angadla umpe wezimbali.
Kepha ngezikhathi ezithile, imisindo ethakazelisa kakhulu ingazwakala eduze nezindawo zamalulwane. Lokhu ukuqomisana kwamadoda amantombazane abo kanye nezingcingo zabo zothando.
Amalulwane ahlala ezifundeni ezinezimo ezinhle nezimo ezifudumele alungele amasiko wokukhwelana nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi akwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezinzima, ukukhwelwa kwalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko kwenzeka ngaphambi nje kokuba zisebusika.
Futhi lesi ngesinye isici salezi zilwane. IlulwaneNgokuqondile, owesifazane we-suborder enjalo, akakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokushesha, kodwa isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuxhumana nomlingani.
Ngempela, ngokomqondo wemvelo, amaqanda akhe azokhuleliswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvuka kwentwasahlobo. Futhi kuze kube umzuzu obekiwe, isidoda sowesilisa, njengoba kunjalo, sihlala emzimbeni wakhe sigciniwe.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa asikwazi ukuqanjwa ngokunemba, ngoba isikhathi sihluke kakhulu. Futhi azinciki ezinhlotsheni kuphela, kepha futhi nasezimweni zemvelo, ikakhulukazi - izinga lokushisa.
Kepha uma isikhathi sifika, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili noma amathathu. Baqala ngokuhlala esikhwameni somsila. Futhi ngemuva kwesonto sebevele baphuma lapho, kepha baqhubeke nokuphila, badla ubisi lukamama.
Ngakho-ke, izingane zithola amandla kancane kancane, futhi emva kwenyanga sezivele zikwazi ukuzondla zodwa.
Kumbuzo othi: siyini isikhathi sempilo salezi zidalwa esinzima ngokungaphendulwa, ngoba kuya ngohlobo lwamalulwane lawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, yiminyaka emi-5, kepha kungaba yiminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma zigcinwa ekhaya, izilwane ezinjalo azihlali isikhathi eside, njengoba kubonakala ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho - kuncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokungakwazi ukuziphatha nomsebenzi owufunayo nangokuhambisana nemijikelezo yemvelo. Futhi lokhu kuyingozi enkulu ezilwaneni zabo.
