I-golden pheasant, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-pheasant yaseChina, ingenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Iyathandwa ngabalimi bezinkukhu ngezimpaphe zayo ezicwebezelayo ngokumangalisayo. Le pheasant itholakala ngokwemvelo emahlathini nasezintabeni ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga yeChina. Ama-golden pheasants yizinyoni zasemhlabeni. Zifulela phansi, kepha zingandiza amabanga amafushane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Golden Pheasant
I-golden pheasant iyinyoni yomdlalo oqinile ongowezinkukhu futhi iyinhlobo encane ye-pheasant. Igama lesiLatin le-pheasant yegolide nguChrysolophus pictus. Ingenye yezinhlobo eziyi-175 noma ama-subspecies ama-pheasants. Igama layo elijwayelekile yi-Chinese pheasant, i-golden pheasant noma i-pheasant yomculi, futhi ekuthunjweni ibizwa ngokuthi i-red golden pheasant.
Ekuqaleni, i-pheasant yegolide yayihlukaniswa njengeyohlobo lohlobo lwe-pheasant, olathola igama lalo kusuka ePhasis, umfula waseColchis, iGeorgia yanamuhla, lapho kwakuhlala khona ama-pheasants adumile. Uhlobo lwamanje lwama-collared pheasants (i-Chrysolophus) lususelwa kumagama amabili asendulo esi-Greek "khrusos" - igolide ne- "lophos" - ikama, ukuchaza kahle esinye sezici ezithile zale nyoni nezinhlobo ezivela egameni lesiLatini elithi "pictus" - ezidwetshiwe.
Ividiyo: IGolden Pheasant
Endle, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zama-pheasants egolide ngeke zisinde emavikini ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Kuphela u-2-3% kuphela ozokukwenza kube yiminyaka emithathu. Endle, impilo yabo ingaba yiminyaka emi-5 noma eyisi-6. Bahlala isikhathi eside ekuthunjweni, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, iminyaka eyi-15 ijwayelekile futhi iminyaka engama-20 ayizwakali. E-China yakhona, i-pheasant yegolide ibigcinwe ekuthunjweni kusukela okungenani ngawo-1700s. Ukukhulunywa ngabo okokuqala ekuthunjweni eMelika kwakungo-1740, futhi ngokweminye imibiko, uGeorge Washington wayenezinhlobo eziningana zama-pheasants egolide eMount Vernon. Ngawo-1990s, abalimi baseBelgium bakhulisa imigqa emi-3 emsulwa yepheasant yegolide. Enye yazo i-pheasant yegolide ephuzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inganekwane ithi ngesikhathi sokufuna kweGolden Fleece, ama-Argonauts aletha ezinye zalezi zinyoni zegolide eYurophu cishe ngonyaka we-1000 BC.
Izazi zezilwane zasensimini ziqaphele ukuthi ama-pheasants egolide ajwayele ukushintsha umbala uma echayeka elangeni isikhathi eside. Amahlathi ahlala ngaphansi kwawo avikela imibala yawo egqamile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-pheasant yegolide
Ipheasant yegolide incane kune-pheasant, yize umsila wayo mude kakhulu. Iziphephethi zegolide zesilisa nezesifazane zibukeka zihlukile. Abesilisa bangamasentimitha angama-90-105 ubude kanti umsila uyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude obuphelele. Izinsikazi zincane kancane, zingamasentimitha angama-60-80 ubude, kanti umsila uyingxenye yobude obuphelele. Amaphiko azo angaba ngamasentimitha angama-70 futhi anesisindo esingama-630 amagremu.
Ama-pheasants egolide angenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iziphepheli ezithunjiwe ngenxa yempaphe yazo enhle nemvelo eqinile. Ama-pheasants abesilisa abonakala kalula ngemibala yawo ekhanyayo. Banekamu legolide elinethiphu ebomvu esukela enhloko iye entanyeni. Anamaphasi abomvu ngokukhanyayo, amaphiko amnyama, nomsila onsundu ngokukhanyayo omude, okhombe. Izinqa zazo nazo ziyigolide, umhlane wazo ongaphezulu uluhlaza, namehlo azo aphuzi ngokugqamile ngomfundi omncane omnyama. Ubuso, umphimbo kanye nesilevu kufakwe umbala obomvu kanti isikhumba saso siphuzi. Uqhwaku nemilenze nakho kuphuzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-pheasants egolide abesilisa aheha konke ukunakwa ngekhanda labo elikhanyayo elisagolide nokukhanya okubomvu namabele abomvu klebhu.
Abesifazane bama-pheasants egolide abanemibala emincane futhi banesidina kunabesilisa. Zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinamachashaza, ubuso obunsundu ngokukhanyayo, umphimbo, isifuba nezinhlangothi, izinyawo eziphuzi ngokukhanyayo, futhi zibukeka zizacile. Abesifazane be-pheasant yegolide banezimpaphe ezibomvu ngokubomvu ngokuvamile ezinemivimbo emnyama, okubenza bacishe bangabonakali lapho bachamisela amaqanda. Umbala weBelly ungahluka ngezinyoni. Amajita afana nensikazi, kepha anomsila onamabala onamabala amaningi abomvu.
Ngakho-ke, izici eziyinhloko zokubonakala kwe-pheasant yegolide zimi kanje:
- I- "cape" inombala onsundu onemiphetho emnyama, okunikeza inyoni ukubukeka okunemigqa;
- ingemuva eliphezulu liluhlaza;
- amaphiko anombala ansundu futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama kakhulu, futhi uqhwaku lunegolide;
- umsila upendwe ngaphezulu ngombala onsundu;
- amehlo nezidladla kuphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Ihlala kuphi i-pheasant yegolide?
Isithombe: I-golden pheasant eRussia
I-golden pheasant iyinyoni enemibala egqamile evela enkabeni yeChina. Abanye abantu basendle batholakala e-UK. Lezi zinhlobo zivamile ekuthunjweni, kepha imvamisa kuyizibonelo ezingcolile, umphumela wokuhlanganiswa ne-pheasant kaLady Amherst. Izinguquko eziningana ze-pheasant yegolide zihlala ekuthunjweni, ezinamaphethini ahlukahlukene wezimpaphe nemibala. Uhlobo lwasendle lwaziwa njenge "pheasant ebomvu yegolide". Izinhlobo zethulwa ngabantu eNgilandi naseScotland. Ama-pheasants okuqala egolide alethwa eYurophu evela e-China ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
I-pheasant yegolide yasendle ihlala ezintabeni zaseCentral China futhi ivame ukutholakala emahlathini aminyene. Le nyoni enamahloni ivame ukucasha ezindaweni ezingamahlathi aminyene. Lokhu kuziphatha kungaba uhlobo lokuzivikela kwemvelo ngezimpaphe zazo ezikhanyayo. Eqinisweni, le mibala egqamile ingagqama uma inyoni ivezwa yilanga amahora amaningi emini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzindawo zokuhlala ezincanyelwayo ze-golden pheasant zingamahlathi aminyene namahlathi kanye namahlathi amancane.
Ama-pheasants ahlala ezihlahleni zoqalo emagqumeni. Ama-golden pheasants agwema amaxhaphozi nezindawo ezivulekile. Kunzima ngokumangazayo ukuzithola emahlathini axubekile nakuma-coniferous, lapho abalekela khona ngokushesha engozini etholakele. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eduze nomhlaba wezolimo, zivela emasimini etiye nasezinsimini ezinamathambo. Ama-pheasants egolide ahlala ngokuhlukile unyaka wonke. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, indlela yabo yokuziphatha iyashintsha, bese baqala ukufuna ophathina.
I-golden pheasant ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1500, kanti ebusika ithanda ukwehla ngasesigodini emahlathini ezihlahla ezinamakhasi abanzi ifuna ukudla futhi inqobe izimo zomkhathi ezingezinhle, kepha ibuyela ezindaweni zayo zomdabu ngokushesha lapho kufika isikhathi esihle. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kufuduka okuncane, i-golden pheasant ibhekwa njengenhlobo yokuhlala phansi. Njengamanje, ama-pheasants egolide asatshalaliswa e-United Kingdom nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Europe, i-United States neCanada, izingxenye zeNingizimu Melika, i-Australia kanye namanye amazwe.
Manje uyazi lapho i-pheasant yegolide itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Idla ngani i-pheasant yegolide?
Isithombe: I-bird pheasant yegolide
Ama-golden pheasants angama-omnivorous, okusho ukuthi adla zombili izitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwabo okungadli imifino ikakhulu izinambuzane. Badla emhlabathini wehlathi befuna amajikijolo, amaqabunga, imbewu, okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezinambuzane. Lezi zinyoni azizingeli ezihlahleni, kodwa zingandizela phezulu emagatsheni ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye noma ukulala ebusuku.
Ama-pheasants egolide adla kakhulu okusanhlamvu, ama-invertebrates, amajikijolo, izibungu nezinhlamvu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimila ezinjengamaqabunga namahlumela ezihlahlana ezahlukahlukene, uqalo ne-rhododendron. Zivame ukudla amabhungane amancane nezicabucabu. Emini, amafolosi egolide afutha phansi, ahamba kancane futhi akhophoze. Uvame ukudla ekuseni kakhulu nantambama, kepha uyakwazi ukuhamba usuku lonke. Lolu hlobo mhlawumbe lwenza ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwesizini ukuthola ukudla.
EBrithani, ama-golden pheasant preys ezinambuzaneni nasezicabucalwini, okungenzeka ukuthi akha ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwawo, ngoba amasimu e-coniferous ahlala kuwo awanawo umhlonyane. Kukholakala nokuthi kudla inani elikhulu lezintuthwane njengoba liklwebheka udoti wepayini owile. Ubuye adle okusanhlamvu okunikezwe ngabagcini bama-pheasants.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba izikhwepha zegolide zihamba kancane ngenkathi zibheka phansi ehlathini zifuna ukudla, ukudla kwazo kuqukethe imbewu, amajikijolo, okusanhlamvu nolunye uhlaza, kufaka phakathi amahlumela e-rhododendron noqalo, kanye nezibungu, izicabucabu nezinambuzane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-golden pheasant ngokwemvelo
Ama-golden pheasants yizinyoni ezinamahloni kakhulu ezicasha emini emahlathini aminyene aminyene nasezihlahleni futhi zilala ezihlahleni ezinde kakhulu. Ama-pheasants egolide ajwayele ukudla emhlabathini yize ekwazi ukundiza, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi awahambisani nokundiza. Kodwa-ke, uma zishayiwe, ziyakwazi ukusuka ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe, okuphakeme phezulu ngomsindo wephiko.
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwe-pheasant yegolide endle. Naphezu kokugqama kombala kwabesilisa, lezi zinyoni kunzima ukuzithola emahlathini aminyene ama-coniferous ezihlala kuwo. Isikhathi esihle sokubuka i-pheasant yegolide kusekuseni kakhulu, lapho kungabonakala ezimfundeni.
Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwama-pheasants asagolide kufaka phakathi umsindo othi "chak-chak". Abesilisa banekholi ekhethekile yensimbi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi kukhonjiswa ngokuqomisana kokuqomisana, iduna lisakaza izimpaphe entanyeni yalo phezu kwekhanda lalo nangomlomo, futhi lezi zimiswe okwe-cape.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-pheasants egolide anezinhlobonhlobo zamaphimbo, njengokukhangisa, ukuxhumana, ukwethusa, okusetshenziswa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ipheasant yegolide ayinalo ulaka ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezingancintisani futhi kulula ukuyithambisa ngokubekezela. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa angaba nolaka kowesifazane wakhe aze ambulale. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-golden pheasant endizeni
Ukuzala nokuzala kuvame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa ukhombisa futhi athuthukise izimpaphe zakhe eziphakeme ngokuma nokuqondisa nokwenza ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene phambi kowesifazane. Phakathi nale mibukiso, usakaza izimpaphe entanyeni yakhe njenge-cape.
Insikazi ivakashela indawo yowesilisa isabela ocingweni lwayo. I-pheasant yegolide yesilisa igijima izungeze futhi iqhume izimpaphe ukuheha insikazi. Uma insikazi ingathandeki futhi iqala ukuhamba, owesilisa uzomgijimisa azame ukumvimbela ukuthi angahambi. Lapho nje eyeka, ungena kumodi ephelele yombukiso, akhukhumeze ikapa lakhe abukise umsila wakhe wegolide omuhle aze amkholise ukuthi ukubheja okuhle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-pheasants egolide angahlala ngababili noma ngama-trios. Endle, owesilisa angakhwelana nabesifazane abaningana. Abazalisi bangabanika abesifazane abayishumi noma ngaphezulu ngokuya ngendawo nemibandela.
Amaqanda e-golden pheasant abekwa ngo-Ephreli. Izinyoni zakha isidleke sazo emhlabathini ezihlahleni eziminyene noma otshanini obude. Kuyinto yokudangala engajulile enezinto zokutshala. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-5-12 bese iwafukamela izinsuku ezingama-22-23.
Ekuchamuseleni, amaphuphu ambozwe ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu kusuka phezulu kuye phansi ngemivimbo ephuzi ephaphathekile, emhlophe qwa ngaphansi. Ama-pheasants egolide yizinyoni zakuqala futhi anganyakaza futhi ondle ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvamisa balandela abantu abadala lapho kutholakala khona ukudla bese bezicupha bodwa. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokushesha kunabesilisa futhi bakulungele ukukhwelana benonyaka owodwa. Abesilisa bangazala ngonyaka owodwa, kepha bazofinyelela ekuvuthweni eminyakeni emibili.
Umama unakekela izingane inyanga yonke kuze kube ukuzimela okuphelele, noma ngabe bekwazi ukuzondla bodwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokuphila. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezisencane zihlala nonina emaqenjini omndeni izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kuyamangalisa iqiniso lokuthi zingathatha amasonto amabili nje zizelwe, okubenza babukeke njengezigwaca ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo zama-pheasants egolide
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-pheasant yegolide
E-UK, ama-pheasants egolide asongelwa ama-buzzards, izikhova, ondlunkulu, izimpungushe ezibomvu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe e-UK nase-Austria luthole ukudliwa izidleke ngama-corvids, izimpungushe, izimbila nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. ESweden, ama-goshaw nawo atholakele edla ama-pheasants egolide.
Izidliwayo ezibhaliswe eNyakatho Melika zifaka:
- izinja ezifuywayo;
- ama-coyotes;
- i-mink;
- ama-weasels;
- imiphongolo enemigqa;
- ama-raccoon;
- izikhova ezinkulu ezinezimpondo;
- obhejane bomsila obomvu;
- oblebe abanezinhlombe ezibomvu;
- Ama-hawks ka-Cooper;
- ama-peregrine falcons;
- izithiyo zasenyakatho;
- izimfudu.
Ama-pheasants egolide athinteka kuma-parasites amaningana e-nematode. Ezinye izimuncagazi zifaka imikhaza, amazenze, izikelemu kanye nezintwala. Ama-pheasants egolide angabanjwa yi-Newcastle infection virus infection. Esikhathini esivela ku-1994 kuya ku-2005, kwabikwa ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuma-pheasants egolide eDenmark, eFinland, eFrance, eGreat Britain, e-Ireland, e-Italy. Izinyoni nazo zihlaselwa yizifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa ama-coronaviruses, okutholakale ukuthi anokufana okuphezulu kofuzo kunkukhu kanye ne-turkey coronaviruses.
Abantu bathanda ama-golden pheasants ikakhulu ngoba abukeka emuhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, bakujabulele ukuba nezilwane ezifuywayo amakhulu eminyaka, kubanikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile. Abantu bayabazingela ngezinga elithile, kepha inani labo labantu lizinzile. Usongo olukhulu kule nyoni ukubhujiswa kwendawo nokuthunjwa kokuhweba kwesilwane. Yize i-pheasant yegolide ingekho engcupheni yokuqothulwa ngqo, inani layo liyancipha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokuzingela ngokweqile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Golden Pheasant
Yize ezinye izinhlobo ze-pheasant zincipha eChina, i-pheasant yegolide ihlala ijwayelekile lapho. EBrithani, abantu basendle abazinzile kahle ezinyonini eziyi-1000-2000. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kusabalale, ngoba indawo yokuhlala efanelekile itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, futhi inyoni ihlala phansi.
Ama-pheasants egolide atholakala kuma-zoo imvamisa ayinzalo yama-pheasants ka-Lady Amherst kanye nama-pheasants asagolide asendle. Ekuthunjweni, ukuguqulwa kuguquke kwaba yimibala eminingi eyingqayizivele, kufaka phakathi isiliva, i-mahogany, ipentshisi, i-salmon, isinamoni nokuphuzi. Umbala we-pheasant yegolide yasendle embonini yezinkukhu ubizwa ngokuthi "igolide elibomvu".
Ipheasant yegolide njengamanje ayisongelwa, kepha ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhweba ngezinyoni eziphilayo nokuzingela ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwehla ngandlela thile, yize abantu njengamanje babonakala bezinzile. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuxuba ekuthunjweni nepheasant kaLady Amherst. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa okuningana okubandakanya izinhlobo ezihlanzekile ezingavamile kuye kwenziwa eminyakeni edlule.
Izinhlobo okwamanje zilinganiswe njengezinhlobo "ezisengozini encane". Yize inani labantu lisenkingeni yokwehla, ukwehla akwanele ukulufaka esigabeni Esengozini ngokusho koCritical Bird Areas kanye ne-Biodiversity Programme. Ipheasant yegolide inebanga elikhulu kepha ingaphansi kwengcindezi ethile yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.
Kuma-zoo nasemapulazini, ama-pheasants egolide ahlala ezindaweni ezivaleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile. Badinga uhlaza oluningi ukuze bacashe nendawo eningi yokuthola ukudla. Kuma-zoo, lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindizeni kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezivela ezifundeni ezifanayo. Zondliwa ngezithelo, imbewu kanye nezinyoni ezinambuzane ezidliwayo.
I-golden pheasant - izinyoni ezimangalisa ngokumangalisayo ezinezimpaphe ezinhle nemibala egqamile. Izimpaphe zazo ziyigolide, o-orenji, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu. Abesifazane, noma kunjalo, abanayo imibala yegolide, ngokungafani nabesilisa. Njengezinyoni eziningi, i-pheasant yegolide yesilisa inemibala egqamile ngenkathi eyensikazi imnyama nsundu. Le nyoni, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Chinese pheasant, itholakala emahlathini asezintabeni entshonalanga yeChina, izingxenye zeWestern Europe, iNyakatho Melika, iNingizimu Melika, iziQhingi zaseFalkland, i-Australia neNew Zealand.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.01.
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/15/2019 ngo-0: 05
