Incazelo nezici
Ngaphandle, le nyoni ibukeka njengekhukhamba. Futhi abantu abangenalwazi bavame ukubadida, yize behluke kakhulu ngosayizi. Umzimba jays – izinyoni, ezibalwa izazi zezilwane njengokulandelana kwabantu abadlulayo, inobude obunga-15 cm.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isidalwa esinamaphiko esinjalo sikhulu kunokhokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ulinganisa i-jay ucabangela ubude bomsila obukhangayo, khona-ke ubukhulu bayo buphindwe kabili. Isisindo sayo esimaphakathi cishe singu-175 g, ocishe ulingane nobunzima bamakhukhamba amabili. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uqaphele i-jay ngezimpaphe ze-uppertail emhlophe, iphenduke umsila omnyama.
Isembatho sale nyoni siyathandeka, sinesikimu sombala sangempela. Kukholakala ukuthi igama lalo livela esenzweni esidala sesiRashiya esithi "soy", okusho ukuthi “ukukhanya”.
Iqiniso lalokhu lifakazela ukuthi ngisho negama lesidalwa esichaziwe ligcizelela izici zalo zemvelo ezihlaba umxhwele.
AmaJays akhetha ukuphakama okumaphakathi, baya phansi kuphela ukuthola ukudla
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-jay inamagama wezwi avelele. Ubuye adume ngokunotha nobunzima be-repertoire. Kujwayelekile kakhulu Izwi likajay izwakala ngesimo sokukhala nokukhala, kwesinye isikhathi kuba ukukhala kwamakhala.
Lalela izwi likajay ovamile
Imvamisa le nyoni inika amakhonsathi aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemisindo ethulile: amakhwela, ukugedlezela, ukugigitheka, ukuhayiza ama-trill abukhali. Imisindo eminingi ibolekwe kwabanye abamele iphimbo lomhlaba onamaphiko, ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, ngisho nezinto ezingaphili.
Ukuze sikwazi ukulingisa lokho esikuzwile, lesi sidalwa esithokozisayo sathola ihlathi lesidlaliso elithandekayo futhi ngokungangabazeki ezihlekisa ngezinyoni. UJaysekubeni ekuthunjweni, kwezinye izimo bafunda ukukhiqiza kabusha inkulumo yomuntu futhi babambe ngekhanda amabinzana aphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlala eduze kwabantu, lezi zinyoni ezinamakhono ziqala ukulingisa ukukhala kwesaha, umsindo wembazo, ukugcwala kwekati nenja ukukhonkotha.
I-jay ingaba yinyoni ehlala phansi noma i-nomad, kwezinye izimo ingafuduka. Konke kuncike endaweni ekhethelwe impilo nezimo zokuphila kulezo zingxenye. Futhi uhla lwezinyoni ezinjalo lubanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zeplanethi enkulu.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi "ukukhanya" kwezinyoni ezinjalo - ukukhishwa kwemisebe yokukhanya emiseleni yomlandeli, kanye nombala wezimpaphe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka akuhlaza neze okubangelwa ukuba khona kombala okhethekile ezimpapheni, kodwa okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, okuhlobene nokwakheka kwezinyoni.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-jays, lapho kukhona inani elikhulu, zingaba mhlophe futhi ziphuzi, noma zibe mpunga oqondayo.
Izidleke ze-Steller jay ezinamakhanda amnyama emagqumeni asemahlathini nasezihlahleni zikaphayini zaseMelika West
Izinhlobo
Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa njengezingezomndeni wakwaCorvidae, okungukuthi, kukholakala ukuthi ziyizihlobo eziseduze zamagwababa. Ngokuhleleka kwayo, iqembu lama-jays limelwe ngamanani nangokubanzi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-44.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zezilwane zithi kungenzeka ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingachazwanga ososayensi abahlala ezindaweni zoMhlaba okunzima ukuzifinyelela ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Ngaphakathi kweZwe Elidala, izinyoni ezinjalo zihlanganiswa zaba uhlobo olulodwa, oluhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu, bese zona, zihlukaniswa zibe yimifanyana. Ezinye zazo kufanele kushiwo.
- I-jay ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esinezimpaphe esasakazeke ezifundeni zehlathi e-Eurasia, futhi siyatholakala nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-jays, lokhu kubhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, ubukhulu be-jackdaw.
Buqamama, izimpaphe zayo zibonakala kumpunga obukelayo, futhi kuphela uma usondela, kungenzeka ubone izimpiko ezimnyama nezimhlophe, ezihlanganiswe umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zonke izici zokubukeka ziyabonakala jays esithombeni kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, okubizwa nangokuthi i-Eurasian noma umane - kareza.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho esinye sezici zakhe ezihlekisayo. Ekhanda lakhe kunesihlwathi sezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe, ijwayele ukuphakama lapho inyoni ijabule noma yethukile.
- I-jay ehlotshisiwe. Lezi zidalwa zigqame kozakwabo ngombala omnyama onsomi ekhanda, i-elytra eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama nangemuva, izimpaphe ze-chestnut ezinombala onsomi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Zitholakala kuphela eziqhingini zaseJapan.
Esithombeni, i-jay ehlotshisiwe
- IHimalaya jay. Lapho kuhlala khona lolu hlobo kucacile egameni. Ingubo enoboya yezinyoni ezinjalo yinhle kakhulu, yize imibala yayo ibanda kakhulu.
I-Himalayan jay ingatholakala naseNdiya nase-Afghanistan.
- Isi-Malay noma i-crested jay. Ngaphezu kweMalaysia, izinyoni ezinjalo zivamile eThailand. Lezi zidalwa, ngokungafani nabanye abantu abaningi, zihlukaniswa ngesibindi futhi azihluphi nabantu.
Ukukhula kwazo okuncane kunemigqa ngombala. Kodwa lapho zikhula, izinyoni ziba mnyama ngokuphelele, kuphela ngomugqa omhlophe entanyeni, ofana nokhololo. Amakhanda abo ahlotshiswe ngesici eside esivela ngokungazelelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Ngokukhula, umjay waseMalay uthola umbala wezimpaphe ezimnyama.
- I-saxaul jay isakazeke kakhulu eMongolia, lapho ihlala khona emahlathini angavamile ezihlahleni. Ngokubukeka, kufana nondlunkulu omkhulu noma igwababa elincane. Uyathakazelisa ngokuthi undiza kabi, ungcono ekugxumeni nasekugijimeni.
Izinyoni ezivela kuleli qembu - izakhamuzi zezifunda ezahlukahlukene zeNew World - zimelwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Zihlelwe zaba izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili kanti ngasinye sazo sehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana. Abamele lezi zinhlobonhlobo bahlukaniswa umbala wophaphe nezinye izici zokubukeka kwabo. Ezinye zazo zizokwethulwa ngezansi.
I-saxaul jay ayivamile ukundiza, kepha igijima ngokushesha futhi kahle
- WaseMelika ujay blue – inyoniabahlala ezifundeni ezisenkabeni ye-United States, abahlala emahlathini axubekile, e-beech, e-pine ne-oki. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlala ezindaweni eziseduze nokuhlala abantu, lapho, ngaphezu kokudla okuyinhloko, bondla udoti wokudla.
Ithoni yezimpaphe eyisisekelo yalezi zidalwa iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emakwe ngomugqa omnyama entanyeni kanye nezikhonkwane ezimhlophe emzimbeni wonke. Izidleke zama-jays anjalo zicocekile kakhulu futhi ziqinile izakhiwo ezenziwe ngezingcezu zohlwayi namahlumela, zimbozwe ngoboya kanye nezidwedwe, eziqiniswe ngobumba olumanzi nomhlaba.
UJay blue
- Imagpie enekhanda elimnyama. Ama-jays anjalo atholakala eMexico. Zibukeka njenge-magpie ngesakhiwo somsila, ezibukhali futhi ezinde ngokuma. I-crest iyagoba lapho inyoni ijabule, izimpaphe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu futhi zimhlophe ngezansi, ubuso nentamo kumnyama.
Izwi lezinyoni ezinjalo lifana nelepholi; ngenkathi yokukhwelana, imisindo yayo iba mnandi futhi imnandi. Uqhwaku lwalezi zidalwa luqine ngokungavamile, olusiza kakhulu ekutholeni ukudla. Futhi badla cishe njengabantu, bephethe umuthi ngezinzwane zenye yezinyawo zabo, ngakolunye uhlangothi ngalesi sikhathi bama.
- I-Yucatan jay iyinhlobo engavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezinjalo zinamahloni, ngakho-ke kuncane okwaziwayo ngazo. Bahlala emanxiweni amadolobha aseMayan. Izimpaphe zezinyoni zimnyama ngaphambili futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva.
I-Yucatan ingenye yezinhlobo zama-jay ezingavamile
- Isihlahla esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lolu hlobo lwe-jay luyatholakala emahlathini aseFlorida. Ikhanda namaphiko ezinyoni, njengomsila, anezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zimpunga ngokukhanyayo ngezansi. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo, lezi zinyoni ziye zathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa.
Blue bush jay
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izihlobo eziseduze zezinyoni ezinjalo yi-nutcracker ne-walnut. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-jay zinokwesaba ngokweqile futhi ziyesaba. Futhi bazama ukungabambi iso labashaywayo. Kepha ukuqaphela kuyisici kulezi zinyoni akuyona into engadingekile, ngoba impilo yazo enzima igcwele izingozi.
AmaJay ajwayelekile akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini anoma yiluphi uhlobo: ama-deciduous, coniferous, futhi futhi ahlanganisiwe. Izinyoni ezinjalo zingatholakala emapaki uma zicebile ngotshani nasezihlahleni.
Kwezinye izimo, izinyoni zivela endaweni yamadolobha, nakwezinye izindawo zokuhlala kwabantu, lapho zidukisa khona i-bipedal engaziwa ngamakhonsathi abo, belingisa imisindo ezwakala eduze kwendawo yokuhlala.
Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuvula ubuqili bale nyoni eklolodayo, alingise amazwi abanye abantu nemisindo. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zintshontshela abantu ukudla. Isibonelo, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zibekelwe ukomiswa egcekeni.
Unelukuluku futhi uyahlekisa, futhi lokhu kufanele nakanjani kushiwo lapho unikela incazelo kaJay, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyathanda ukuhlala entuthwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubekezela okungavamile, ibekezelela ukukhasa kwezinambuzane emzimbeni wayo nasezilungeni zazo. Kubukeka sengathi lokhu nje kuyindlela yokwelapha, ngoba i-formic acid iyabavikela kuma-parasites.
Lezo jays ezihlala zingaphendulwanga emazweni abo omdabu zithola isiphephelo esimweni sezulu esibandayo nasesimo sezulu esibi emifantwini yezinkuni naseziqwini ezomile, emifantwini yegxolo nezimpande zezihlahla.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zinyoni ziyakujabulela ukuzitika ngokudla kwezitshalo: imbewu, amantongomane namajikijolo. Ama-subspecies aseYurophu adla ama-acorn. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhiqizo igcinwa ngobuningi ebusika, okufaka isandla ekusakazekeni kwama-oki.
Eyodwa jay ingafihla ama-acorn angafika ku-4 kg, ihudule izindebe zayo ibanga elide, bese ikhohlwa nge-pantry yayo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izihlahla ze-oki zikhula ngempumelelo.
Ngezenzo ezifanayo, basabalalisa ezinye imbewu zesihlahla, isibonelo, i-mountain ash ne-bird cherry.
Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko azikudeleli ukudla kwezilwane, yize kuphela izidalwa ezinosayizi omncane, ngokwesibonelo, ama-amphibian amancane nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane, amacimbi, izibungu, amaxoxo, asetshenziswa njengokudla.
Badla amagundane, amanye amagundane, izinambuzane - izicabucabu nezinye. Ngokuminza kwabo, ama-jays nawo alimaza abazalwayo babo - ondlunkulu, ngenjabulo enkulu bedla amaqanda namazinyane abo, ngaphandle kwesihawu ngokucekela phansi izidleke zalawa mawele anamaphiko.
Kepha amajays uqobo lwawo aba yizisulu zonya lomunye umuntu. Futhi isitha sabo sokuqala ngumuntu. Futhi ukuheha kwezembatho zezinyoni kuhle kakhulu kubazingeli, udinga nje ukukhumbula ujay ubukeka kanjani.
Kulula ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kulula ukukhomba izidalwa "ezikhanyayo" ezinjalo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla izimpaphe, izitha zazo kukhona i-goshawk, isikhova ukhozi negwababa. Kusukela embusweni wezilwane, i-marten enobuqili iyingozi kuma-jays.
Ukondla amaphuphu abo ngezibungu nezinambuzane eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi ukudla i-pine barbel, ezinye izinyoni ezikhetha ukungazithinti, ama-jays abonakala elusizo kakhulu, lapho baklonyeliswa ngokufanele isihloko se-oda lehlathi ngabasosayensi bemvelo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sezinkinga zokukhwelana ngezinyoni ezinjalo. Ufuna abakhethiweyo, uzama ukujabulisa jay wesilisa yenza umsindo, hlala futhi usakaze iziqu zawo. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukukhetha umlingani ezindaweni eziphephile zokuhlala, njengomthetho, sekuvele kuphelile.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nojay wesifazane.
Okulandelayo, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala yamachwane esizayo, okuvame ukutholakala kwenye indawo ekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye. Izinyoni ezinjalo zakha izidleke zazo ngamahlumela neziqu, utshani noboya. Ngokushesha, kuvela okuluhlaza okotshani okunamaqanda aphuzi, namabala. Isibalo sabo sifinyelela izingcezu eziyisikhombisa.
Ngalezi zikhathi, ama-jays aqaphela kakhulu futhi esabe. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi abazi ngisho nokuthi yimuphi wabazali obandakanyeka ekuchamuseleni amaphuphu. Kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi indima enkulu kule nqubo isabelwe ujay jay.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, amaphuphu ayaqandusela, akhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, sebevele bengena empilweni ezimele. Futhi ngonyaka kamuva baba ngabazali.
Imvamisa kukhona amaqanda ama-5-7 ku-jay clutch.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezidalwa ezinjalo silinganiselwa eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, kokunye siphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ama-jays asekhaya ekunakekelweni awathobeki, asheshayo futhi aqeqeshwe ngokuphelele. Ziyasebenza, ziyaheha futhi, yize zinovalo lwemvelo, zivame ukunamathela ngokuqinile kumuntu.
Kodwa-ke, amandla abo okuzala kabusha ukukhuluma komuntu ngokuqinisekile awafaniswe namathalenta, isibonelo, opholi. Kodwa ngesimo sengqondo sokukhathalela, lezi zinyoni zijabulisa abanikazi bazo isikhathi eside futhi zikwazi ukuphila iminyaka engama-22.
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