Incazelo nezici
Umhlaba wezinambuzane unamacala amaningi futhi uhlukahlukene. Futhi abamele bayo ababonakali, kodwa bayamangalisa futhi bayathandeka ngendlela yabo. Phakathi kwabo, indawo evelele ihlala izidalwa ezincane ezivela ku-oda leColeoptera, elibizwa kalula nje - amabhungane.
Umsebenzi wabo obalulekile kwiplanethi yoMhlaba ubalwa ezigidini zamakhulu eminyaka, nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene neziningi - kumakhulu ezinkulungwane. Futhi phakathi hhayi kuphela kwezidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi ezithakazelisayo zemvelo zalolu hlobo, ungasho ubhungane, kufakwe emndenini we-lamellar.
Lesi sidalwa sihlaba umxhwele hhayi ngokubukeka nobukhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemandleni, okuthi, uma sinikezwe isilinganiso saso esincane, sivele sidlule zonke izidalwa emhlabeni, ngomqondo olinganiselwe. Ngempela, njengezintuthwane, la mabhungane anekhono lokuhudula izinto ezinkulu kakhulu kunawo ngosayizi nobukhulu.
Inhloko yamadoda ihlotshiswe ngesici futhi iyahlaba umxhwele, inkulu kakhulu, igobile ngasemuva, uphondo olungunxantathu, inkulu esisekelweni futhi ithinta ngasekugcineni. Ngenxa yakhe, amabhungane athola igama lawo.
Ibhungane lobhejane wesilisa linento ehlukile efana nophondo.
Yize kwabesifazane lesi sici esihlukile cishe singabonwa, kepha kuphela iziqalo zaso.
Kodwa amabhungane abesifazane anezisekelo zokuqala zophondo kuphela.
Abesilisa bamabhungane anjalo esikhathini sokuvuthwa bayakwazi ukufinyelela usayizi ofinyelela kuma-47 mm, kepha abangane babo imvamisa bacishe babe uhhafu wesentimitha. Wona kanye umzimba walezi zidalwa, ezifana nemilenze, owakhiwe ngezigaba, uyakhazimula ngaphansi kwelanga ngombala obomvu onsundu ngokubomvu. Kulokhu, ingxenye yaso engenhla imnyama kunaphansi, kanti isisu sikhipha umbala ophuzi.
Ebuhleni obukhethekile ubhungane kungabonakala ngokubheka isithombe... Inhloko yalezi zinambuzane ayiyona enkulu ngosayizi, kepha ingxenye yayo enkulu ihlala uphondo, engxenyeni engaphambili iyisicaba, imbozwe amachashazi amaningi.
Ukumakwa okufanayo okunama-bristles abomvu aminyene kuyatholakala esifubeni. Ingemuva lamabhungane li-convex, lide. Izimpondo ezigobile ziyinto efanayo namaklabhu we-lamellar, okwaba yizizathu zegama elijwayelekile labamele wonke umndeni.
Izidladla zalezi zidalwa azizinde, kodwa ziqinile, zicishe zibe mnyama ngombala ngokufakwa komthunzi obomvu, futhi ziphela ngozipho olugobile.
Ibhungane likhetha amahlathi impilo yonke, lincamela izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, esitholakala ezifundeni eziningi zase-Eurasia, liphinde livame emazweni ase-Afrika. Isinambuzane esinjalo siyakwazi ukugxila noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, kunalokho ezinzima, kepha lapho sikhetha, njengomthetho, izindawo eziseduze nokuhlala abantu.
Futhi kuphela ngokulahlekelwa kwabantu, leli bhungane lasakazekela endaweni yezifunda ezisenyakatho. Imvamisa, la mabhungane ahlangana nezitshalo zokugawulwa kwezihlahla, azalela ngempumelelo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemapaki.
Lezi zidalwa zikwazi ukuhamba kahle kweRussia cishe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuthi izifunda ezinzima kakhulu nezibandayo azizifanele izidalwa zazo.
Obhejane bavame ukubonakala eduze nemizi yabantu
Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyavikelwa. Ngokuqondene neRussia Federation, endaweni yezwe lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane alubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, ku Ibhuku elibomvu lobhejane isabhalisiwe, kepha kuphela kwezinye izindawo zombuso wethu.
Inani lalezi zinambuzane likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isibalo salo besinciphile muva nje. Isizathu kukholakala ukuthi isenzo somuntu, kanye nezinguquko ezingafuneki zemvelo emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo
Luhlobo lwesinambuzane esine-polymorphic kakhulu. Ibhungane elichazwe ngenhla litholakala endalweni eseduzane nathi kaningi futhi ngenye indlela ibizwa ngobhejane. Kepha akuyona neze inhlobo kuphela.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamabhungane anjalo emvelweni. Kepha ukuhlonza kwabo kunzima ngenxa yokwehluka okukhulu kwalezi zidalwa, ngisho nakubantu abathile.
Lezi zidalwa ezinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi ziyehluka kakhulu ekubunjweni kophondo (izimpondo) nomzimba, umbala nobukhulu. Kodwa ezinye zazo zifanelwe incazelo ekhethekile.
- IHercules beetle ihlala ezifundeni ezishisayo zezwekazi laseMelika naseziqhingini eziseduze. Ubukhulu balesi sinambuzane buhlaba umxhwele, bufinyelela ku-17 cm kubamele besilisa, kepha Ibhungane labesifazane lokhu kuhluka kuphindwe kabili.
Ingxenye engaphambili yalesi sidalwa, kufaka phakathi izimpondo ezinamazinyo, imnyama. Ingaphezulu lezimpondo, limbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obuminyene ngaphakathi, liqondiswe phambili futhi ligobele phansi.
Enye, etholakala ngaphansi kweyokuqala, incane futhi igobeke kolunye uhlangothi. Ngemuva komzimba, ngokunembile i-elytra yalesi sikhondlakhondla, kuphuzi ngombala womnqumo noma onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kunamabala amnyama, kuya ngama-subspecies.
I-Hercules beetle
- Ibhungane laseJapan nalo linezimpondo ezimbili, elingenhla nelingezansi, elimnyama. Agobile ngaphakathi, kodwa isimo sawo sihluke ngokuphelele futhi aqhakaza ekugcineni, afana nezimfoloko ezinamacala amabili. I-elytra yamabhungane anjalo imvamisa iba ngombala obomvu-nsomi.
Ibhungane labobhejane baseJapan linezimpondo ezinjengezijobelelo ezimbili ezisetshenziswe ekugcineni
- Ibhungane le-unicorn liwuhlobo lwaseNyakatho Melika. Naphezu kwaleli gama, empeleni linezimpondo ezintathu. Le engenhla inkulu futhi iqondiswe phambili. Futhi ngezansi kunezinqubo ezimbili eziqondile, kepha zincane ngosayizi.
I-Elytra yezidalwa ezinjalo ingaba nsundu ngokuphuzi ngamabala, mpunga, luhlaza okotshani.
Ibhungane le-Unicorn
- Ibhungane lendlovu. Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo banikezwe nosayizi omangalisayo. Futhi ubude bazo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-12. Kepha izimpondo zazo azimangazi neze. Eqinisweni, lokhu kumila nje ekhanda.
Indlovu yebhungane lesithombe
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amabhungane anjalo akhetha amahlathi ahlabayo ukuhlala kwawo, atholakala osebeni lomfula nangaphezulu kwamadlelo, kanye namasimu okufakelwa amahlathi asemaqeleni. Imvamisa lezi zidalwa zikhuphukela emigodini yezihlahla. Imvamisa bathola indawo yokukhosela kumagxolo esihlahla nakwezinye izindawo ezifanayo, kwesinye isikhathi bacasha ngaphansi komhlaba.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zitholakala nasezindaweni ezingamahlane lapho, njengasezindaweni ezisenyakatho, zivame ukuhlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu.
Zonke izigaxa zasemini zichitha ezindaweni zokukhosela, futhi zenza umsebenzi wazo obalulekile ebusuku. Lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukundiza, futhi zikwenza kahle impela. Yize lokhu, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuphambene nemithetho yemvelo. Kunezimo lapho amabhungane anjalo endiza phezu kwe-English Channel, enqoba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu ngaphandle kokuphumula.
Ubhungane kabhejane undiza amabanga amade kakhulu
Ukundiza kobhejane kungabonakala kuzo zonke izinyanga ezinhlanu ezifudumele zonyaka, kwezinye izindawo lesi sikhathi sihlala kancane. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amabhungane ngokuvamile abamba uthuli lomuthi nomhlaba ngezimpondo zawo, athole isiphephelo ekujuleni okupholile kwamakhona amaningi acashile asehlathini.
Usongo kulezi zidalwa lumelelwa yizilwane ezidla izinambuzane, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu ezinkulukazi, ezibandakanya onogwaja, amagwababa nezinye. Futhi, izimuncagazi ezincane zivame ukwenziwa kubhungane, ngokwesibonelo, izibungu ze-gamasid ezimise okweqanda.
Futhi phakathi kwezibungu zezinambuzane ezichazwe, i-giant skoliya - isidalwa esiyisidlakudla esivela esigabeni seminyovu emikhulu, singabeka amaqanda aso. Amawundlu alo adla izibungu zebhungane ezikhubazekile zingenziwa amandla ngunina, kuyilapho lezi zamuva zingenalo ithuba lokusinda.
Okwezindawo zokuhlala, amabhungane afanele amagxolo ezihlahla kanye nemigodi emincane ezihlahleni
Izinhlobo zalezi zidalwa zisabalele kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi zithakazelisa kakhulu kubantu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kuncane okufundwe. Izinganekwane zabantu abaningi zazivame ukunika izidalwa ezinhle kangaka i-aura yemfihlakalo; ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, kuthiwa zazinamandla amakhulu namandla.
Kukhona nabaningi abafisa ukuba nakho ubhungane obufuyiwe... Ngempela, lo ngummeli wokuqala wombuso wezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, isifiso sokusondela kuye nokubona indlela aziphatha ngayo siyaqondakala impela.
Kodwa-ke, amabhungane amadala awahlali isikhathi eside, futhi isifiso esiyinhloko esigabeni sempilo yabo esekhulile ukuhlangana, kanye nabamele isigamu sowesifazane, bazalela amaqanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zidalwa ziyalulama, ngokuya kwesimo semvelo, ziye komunye umhlaba.
ngakho-ke ukugcinwa kwebhungane lobhejane - le nqubo ayijabulisi futhi ithela wonke umuntu, futhi ingajabulisa kuphela abalandeli abakhulu bezilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izibungu zalezi zidalwa zondla kakhulu ngokhuni olubolile, zingadla futhi umquba, i-humus, umquba. Ngokucubungula imfucumfucu ngale ndlela, lezi zidalwa ngokungangabazeki ziwusizo kuyo yonke imvelo ngokujwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu ikakhulukazi.
Kwezinye izimo, izibungu zebhungane leqiniso zidala inkathazo, zilimaze izimpande zezinye izitshalo ngemihlathi yazo enamandla ngenkathi isondla: izithombo zebhilikosi, izingcezu ezibomvana, izivini. Kepha lokhu akunanhlamvu enkulu. Futhi-ke, izinambuzane ezinjalo azizona izinambuzane.
Udlani ubhejane?? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abadala, ngokwazi kwesayensi, abadli lutho, kepha badla izinqolobane abazitholile endaweni yesibungu. Ngakho-ke, abathandi bemvelo abafuna ukubagcina ekhaya badinga ukwazi ukuthi abadingi ukondliwa nhlobo.
Futhi ngokubeka izidalwa ezinjalo e-aquarium, ungabuka kuphela ukunyakaza kwazo, okungewona umsebenzi ojabulisa njalo.
Izibungu ziyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukunakekela umsoco wazo. Kuyindida ukuthi ngosayizi bakhulu kakhulu kunamabhungane ngokwabo sebekhulile - cishe abayishumi, kokunye bangaphezu kwamasentimitha.
Futhi baphila iminyaka emithathu, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka emine. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho udlulisela izibungu ezitholakala ehlathini ekhaya lakho. Uma le ndebe itholakala, ngokwesibonelo, kusiphunzi esibolile, kungcono ukusika ingxenye yayo bese uhamba nesidalwa osithandayo nayo, ngaphandle kokulimaza izindwangu ezintekenteke.
Bese ufaka ku-aquarium enenhlabathi ehlale imanzi. Okuphakelayo isibungu sobhejane kungaba izingcezu ezincane zama-apula noma ubhanana. Peat, ukubola kwezinkuni, i-cellulose nakho kunikezwa ngempumelelo njengokudla. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, cishe inyanga, lesi sidalwa kufanele siphenduke isiphungumangathi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amaqanda avundisiwe alezi zidalwa ngokuvamile abekwa phezu kweziqu zezihlahla ezibolile kahle ezigxotsheni ezibolile, umquba kanye nezinqwaba zomquba. Lapho eseqedile le nqubo, owesifazane, esewufezile ngokuphelele umsebenzi wakhe emvelweni, uyafa.
Ngokhuni olubolile, izihlahla eziwile kanye neziqu ezindala, izibungu zebhungane zikhula kahle, eziqanduselwa emaqandeni inyanga ngemuva kokuqala kwentuthuko.
Isibungu sebhejane
Ezinqwabeni zomquba nakumquba, imfucumfucu yezinkuni, ecebile ngezinto ezingaphili ezibolile, lezi zinambuzane zizala kahle, futhi izibungu zazo ezinkulu, eziphuzi ezinomzimba ojiyile ogobile zondla ngempumelelo i-substrate ezungezile.
Esigabeni sesibungu, isikhathi eside kakhulu empilweni yamabhungane, laba bameleli bombuso wezinambuzane bafinyelela eminyakeni emine ubudala. Ngemuva kwalokho baba iziphungumangathi futhi bahlala kulesi simo isikhathi esingangenyanga, bedlula esikhathini sokuguqulwa komzimba. Ngemuva kwakhe, kuvela isinambuzane esidala.
Amabhungane akhiwe akhona emhlabeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kepha lesi sikhathi sesikhathi sanele ukuthola amapheya afanele futhi sibambe iqhaza ekuqhubekeni kohlobo oluthile. Le ndlela igcwaliseka kanjena.
