Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini kanye nensimu mhlawumbe uyayazi imbungulu encane enemilenze ebomvu. Ngokusondela komuntu, usuka masinyane, ahambise umzimba wakhe ophahlazekile.
Lesi sinambuzane sinomlando wasendulo wohlobo lwaso. EBurma naseLebanese amber, eneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ubudala, yatholwa isicishamlilo. Kungani isinambuzane sibizwa kanjalo, kuyacaca ngokubheka ingubo yakhe yemibala emnyama nebomvu-o-orenji, ejwayelekile yezinjini zomlilo. Akukho okunye okuxhumanisa ibhungane nabacimi bomlilo.
Incazelo nezici
Isicishamlilo sebhungane kungokomndeni wamabhungane athambile, igama lawo elibonisa isici sawo esiyinhloko - imizimba ethambile engenaso isembozo esiqinile se-chitinous. Emithonjeni yesayensi, kutholakala igama eliphelele laleli bhungane - ibhungane elinezinyawo ezibomvu.
Ihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezinamakhaza, isicishamlilo sisatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu yase-Eurasia.
Isinambuzane sinobude obungu-1.5-2 cm kuphela.Umzimba unesimo esivulekile futhi esicabalele. Isisu sakhiwe ngamasongo ayi-7 ombala obomvu noma owolintshi. Ikhanda elikhulu lihoxisiwe. Ayikho indebe engenhla. Izimpondo ze-filiform zinamagama ayi-11.
I-Elytra inombala omnyama, ompunga ngombala. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ene-villi. Ngaphambi kwengemuva, eduze kwekhanda, ungabona indawo emnyama esimweni senhliziyo, kepha uhlaka lwephethini luyashintsha kwilungu ngalinye lohlobo.
Ibhungane lokucima umlilo esithombeni ihlale ishaya ngamafomu amancane nezimpondo ezinde, njengezimpondo, ezithunyelwa ezindaweni ezihlukile.
Izimbungulu zezicishamlilo zabesifazane zinkulu kunabesilisa. Futhi ungabahlukanisa ngezinzipho zabo. Kwabesifazane, zinkulu.
Amabhungane athambile, izibungu zawo ziwusizo ngokuthi zidla izinambuzane eziningi ezincane. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo zivame ukutholakala ezimbalini zezitshalo, ukutshalwa kwensimu kwama-raspberries, ama-strawberry, ama-currants, njll.
Izinyoni, izinambuzane ezinkulu azizithinti izicishamlilo ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuzivikela. Ezicubu zamabhungane kunento ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cataridin, enobuthi ezitheni. Ngesikhathi sizingela, isilwane esincane sihlasela amacimbi, izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane, ziyaziluma futhi zifake ushevu njengenyoka.
Ngemuva kokwenza isisulu singasebenzi, zikhipha uketshezi olukhethekile olucwilisa izicubu zenyama ukuze lumunce ukudla.
Uma ubamba ibhungane elithambile uliphethe ngesandla, lizokhipha uketshezi olunegazi olunephunga elingathandeki esiswini. Hlola, izicishamlilo ziyaluma noma cha, akufanelekile. Kuyaziwa ngokuluma ngokuqondakalayo ngemihlathi enjengezinkemba efana namazinyo ezinyoka ezinesihlungu.
Ukubamba okunjalo kuvame ukusindisa ibhungane kumhlaseli, okumele avule intende yesandla sakhe kuphela. Ibhungane lomlilo imvamisa indiza ngokushesha noma izenze sengathi ifile, izitho zomzimba ezixakile. Ngisho nasekundizeni, akunzima ukubamba isinambuzane - ijubane lokuhamba kwebhungane lincane ngenxa yokuzethemba ekuphepheni kwalo.
Izibungu zobuhlalu obuthambile zibukeka njengeqembu lobuhlalu obumnyama obumnyama. Izibungu zihlala endaweni yamaqabunga awile, izinkuni ezibolile, inhlabathi, ngaphansi kwegxolo lezihlahla. Shesha. Ziphila ngokudla izibungu ezincane zama-congener, amaqanda azo.
Banokugaya okungaphandle komzimba. Izibungu zifaka ujusi wokugaya emzimbeni wesisulu, zibhubhise izicubu, bese zimunca uketshezi oluvelayo.
Ngentwasahlobo, amanzi ancibilikayo aphoqa izibungu ukuba zikhase zingene eqhweni, okubizwa ngokuthi yizibungu zeqhwa. Ukuthuthuka kwezibungu kuthatha iminyaka engu-2-3, ziyaphuma emhlabathini.
Isicishamlilo esibomvu isebenza njengendawo evikela imvelo ezinambuzane zasengadini. Ukuheha izinambuzane ezizuzisayo, kunconywa ukuthi ugcine amaqabunga awile eduze kwezihlahla, ungasebenzisi izibulala-zinambuzane, ungabambi indawo, ikakhulukazi imibuthano yesiqu. Amabhungane athambile angabasizi bemvelo ekulimeni.
Izinzuzo nobungozi bebhungane elicima umlilo ufunde kahle. Kunendlela eyaziwayo yokulawula amaphela endlini kusetshenziswa amabhungane athambile. Kwanele ukuletha izinambuzane ezimbalwa - amaPrussia abomvu ngeke abekhona. Ukulimala kubangelwe ukugcwala kwamabhungane endaweni efanayo lapho bedla amahlumela nezithelo zezihlahla.
Ukubuyisela ibhalansi yemvelo, ungaqoqa ngesandla ngokucophelela izicishamlilo bese uzinikezela komakhelwane uma zivuma. Amagilavu kulo msebenzi ngeke abe ngaphezulu, ngoba amabhungane ayaluma.
Enye indlela ngukufafaza le ndawo ngenhlanganisela yothuli kagwayi noma osikilidi abashwabanayo. Iphunga elibi libuyisa izinambuzane. Kepha le ndlela yokwethusa isiza kuphela kuze kufike imvula yokuqala.
Izindlela ezinqala zokusebenzisa ukusebenzisa i-chalk "Mashenka", ekhubazekile futhi efafazwe emingceleni yendawo ethile.
Ukuqeda izinambuzane endlini kwenziwa kahle ngamakhambi emvelo. Izingxenye zokwakheka okungavimba kungaba ngamakhambi weProvencal, upelepele obomvu, umlotha wokhuni. Kepha le ndlela ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kunconywa ukubamba izinambuzane ngesandla, ngakho-ke ungasusa kanjani amabhungane okucisha umlilo endlini ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ngeke kuyilimaze imvelo.
Izinhlobo
Umndeni wamabhungane athambile uningi - cishe izinhlobo ezingama-4000. Kunemindeni engaphansi kwemine. Ngaphandle kokuzivikela kwangaphandle, ubukhulu obuncane bezinambuzane, abafakiwe ekudleni kwezinyoni ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi ezicutshini zomzimba wabo.
Ngaphezu kwamabhungane aziwa ngokulwa nezicishamlilo, noma amabhungane athambile abomvu, ezindaweni esijwayelekile kuzo kuvamile:
- ibhungane elinsundu elinsundu - ohlala emahlathini nasemathafeni asemahlathini. Ubude besinambuzane bungu-1.1 - 1.5 cm Umbala ubomvana ngokubomvu. Imilenze imnyama. Izibungu zebhungane elinsundu elinezimbili zemilenze emi-3. Inhloko eyisicaba enamehlo ama-2. Izibungu zidla izibungu, izinambuzane ezincane, futhi ziyadlana. Bahlala ezimpandeni zezihlahla, otshanini, ngaphansi kwamatshe, futhi baphephela emhlabathini;
- izimbali zebhungane elithambile (elibomvu) - amathiphu amnyama e-elytra ethambile kanye nesimo esiyisikwele se-pronotum sehlukanisa lolu hlobo kwabanye abazalwane. Umbala ubomvu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-1 cm. Kuhlala ezimfundeni nasezihlahleni zezitshalo. Ibhungane lisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kungabonakala emvelweni kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.
Kukhona amabhungane amaningi adlayo phakathi kwamabhungane athambile, kepha kukhona abadla inyama kuphela abaneliseka ngokudla kwezitshalo kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwamabhungane asondelene ngokwemvelo, umuntu angahlukanisa isihlobo esingajwayelekile - i-firefly ejwayelekile, nayo eyingxenye yomndeni wamabhungane ane-elytra ethambile (elytra).
Izinkanyiso-izibani zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Banekhono elimangalisayo lokukhanya ebumnyameni. Akuzona zonke izimpukane ezinezitho ezikhanyayo, ezinye izinhlobo zikhanya ngokobulili: abesifazane kuphela noma abesilisa kuphela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isimo esidlayo samabhungane abacima umlilo sibonakala ekuzingeleni izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene: ama-aphid, amacimbi, amabhungane amancane amaqabunga, izibungu zamanye amabhungane athambile. Izinto eziphilayo ezivikelwe isembozo se-chitinous zinzima kakhulu kubhungane lomcimi-mlilo.
Amabhungane athambile anezinyawo ezibomvu asondela eduzane noma ahlale kuwo. Cindezela ngemihlathi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuze kuphele ukumelana. Imihlathi ebukhali futhi eqinile emise okwesikela, eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukubamba, hhayi ukuhlafuna, isiza ekulondolozeni inyamazane.
Ukujova ushevu nejusi lokugaya ukudla emzimbeni wesisulu kusiza ukuguqula okukhishiwe kube ukudla. Ukudla kufaka izinambuzane, ubukhulu bazo obuncane kune-predator uqobo.
Abalimi abaningi abazi ngezinzuzo zomcimi-mlilo, bafuna ukumbulala, bembeka njengesilokazane sokutshala. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukutholakala kwamabhungane athambile anemilenze ebomvu kunomthelela esivunweni esihle.
Izibungu zebhungane lomlilo nazo zibheka indlela ezidliwa ngayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, inani lezilokazane zasengadini ezibhujiswe yizibungu ezinamaphiko athambile lidlula elabantu abadala, i.e. amabhungane athuthukile. Izibungu zidla ama-millipedes ahlukahlukene, izikelemu nezinambuzane ezincane.
Okudliwa ngabacimi mlilo ngaphandle kwezilwane ezincane? Uma inani elidlulele lamabhungane anemilenze ebomvu libuthene endaweni eyodwa, lapho-ke ukuntuleka kokudla kwezilwane kunxeshezelwa ngokudla kwezitshalo.
Amabhungane aluma izimbali eziqhakazile, imifino yezitshalo zezithelo, alimaza abalimi nabalimi. Lokhu akwenzeki kaningi, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bakholelwa ngazwi linye ukuthi izinzuzo zamabhungane ezivela kubacimi bomlilo zikhulu ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunokulimala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ehlobo elishisayo, lapho inhlabathi nomoya kufudunyezwa kahle, kuqala isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamabhungane anezinyawo ezibomvu. Lesi sikhathi siwela ngoJulayi, isiqongo sehlobo.
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda akhe kuhlobo oluthile lwesisekelo esithambile: udoti wamaqabunga, imfucumfucu yezitshalo ebolile, imfucumfucu yokhuni, iziphunzi ezibolile, amagatsha, njll. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda avundisiwe, owesifazane nowesilisa bafa ngemuva kwesikhashana.
Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15-20 - inkathi incike ekushiseni kwama-ambient. Kuvela kancane isibungu esimnyama. Ngokubukeka kwayo, ifana nobuhlalu be-shaggy obuhlanganisiwe, obufana ncamashi nomgexo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuhlotshaniswa nokudla okusebenzayo nokunyakaza.
Izibungu zikhula ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye babo banesikhathi sokufunda ekuqaleni kobusika, kuyilapho abanye befukamela ngokhuni olubolile noma ngamahlamvu abolile. Ukuthotshwa kokugcina kwenzeka entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokufudumala.
Lokhu kungatholakala ezimweni zemvelo endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwegxolo lezihlahla ezindala. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, kuvela izimpukane ezincane ezinemilenze ebomvu, okuthi ngenyanga zikulungele ukuzandisa.
Ukuhlala okusheshayo nempilo ezimele akuhlali isikhathi eside. Isikhathi esiphelele sebhungane lesicimi-mlilo sifushane kakhulu - cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Ukutadisha kwabantu abahlala engadini, ikakhulukazi amabhungane abacima umlilo, kunomthelela emugqeni ofanele wokuziphatha ekulweni nezinambuzane zasengadini. Ngokugcina izimpukane ezilusizo ezibomvu ezinezinyawo ezibomvu, abanikazi besiza banikela ngemvelo yemvelo ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zisimame.
