Ama-Savannas abizwa ngokuthi izikhala ezinjenge-steppes. Umehluko kulokhu kokugcina ubukhona bezindawo ezikhule kakhulu ngezihlahla nezihlahlana. Emathafeni ajwayelekile, kuneziqu kuphela notshani obuseduze komhlaba.
Kuma savanna, kunotshani obuningi obude obululwa cishe imitha. I-biotope ijwayelekile emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo anendawo ephakeme kanye nesimo sezulu esomile. Izilwane ezilandelayo zizivumelanise nalezi zimo:
Kudu antelope
Ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ama-2: amancane namakhulu. Lezi zakamuva zihlala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika, ezihlala cishe isigamu sezwekazi, yonke indawo. I-kudu kudu ilinganiselwe eSomalia, Kenya naseTanzania. Yilapho umehluko ovela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu uphela.
I-kudu encane nenkulu inombala ofanayo - ushokoledi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imivimbo eguqukayo emzimbeni imhlophe. Izimpondo izilwane ze-savannah gqoka Kuvunguza. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu, zifinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude. I-kudu encane yanelisekile ngamasentimitha angama-90.
Izimpondo zeKudu ziyisikhali sezimpi nokuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bafulathela amakhanda abo besifazane, babe ngohlangothi kubo. Ngakho-ke abesilisa bakhombisa umoya wokuthula nothando.
Indlovu
Izilwane zaseSavannah akasazi isidalwa esikhudlwana. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlovu ziba zincane. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, abazingeli baqothula abantu abanezimpondo ezinkulu. Lezo kwakuyizindlovu ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinde kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1956, owesilisa owayenesisindo esingamathani ayi-11 wadutshulwa e-Angola. Ukuphakama kwesilwane kwakucishe kube ngamamitha ama-4. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwezindlovu zase-Afrika amamitha ama-3.
Ngisho nendlovu esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-120. Ukunikela kuthatha cishe iminyaka emibili. Lona umlando phakathi kwezilwane zomhlaba. Akumangazi ukuthi ubuchopho bendlovu buhlaba umxhwele, bunesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-5. Ngakho-ke, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuzidela, ububele, ziyakwazi ukudabuka, ukulalela umculo nokudlala izinsimbi, ukudweba, ukuthatha amabhulashi esiqwini.
Indlulamithi
Idlula indlovu ngokuphakama, ifinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-7, kepha hhayi ngesisindo. Ubude bolimi lwendlulamithi lulodwa ngamasentimitha angama-50. Lobude buvumela isilwane ukuthi sibambe amaqabunga anamanzi avela eziqongweni zemiqhele yesihlahla.
Intamo nayo iyasiza. Ubude bayo bungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yokuphakama kwendlulamithi. Ukuthumela igazi "ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu", inhliziyo yabahlali be-savannah inyuswe yaba isisindo samakhilogremu ayi-12.
Izilwane zaseSavannah, sifinyelela kalula imiqhele, kepha ungafinyeleli phansi. Ukuze uphuze, kufanele ugobise imilenze yakho yangaphambili.
Zebra
Umbala obabazekayo we-ungulate uyindlela yokuqeda ukuhlaselwa yizimpukane ze-tsetse nezinye izinsensane ze-savannah. Imivimbo emnyama nemhlophe ikhombisa ukukhanya ngokuhlukile. Umehluko ekushiseni kokushisa kwenzeka phakathi kwemigqa. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokuqhathanisa, kusabisa izimpukane. Emhlabeni wezinambuzane, izinhlobo ezinobuthi, eziyingozi zinemibala yedube.
Ezilwaneni eziningi ezinemibala emangalisayo, amawundlu azalwa ngombala owodwa. Iphethini ivela lapho inzalo ikhula. Idube lizalwa linemigqa ngasikhathi sinye. Iphethini ihlukile, njengezigxivizo zeminwe yomuntu.
I-pink flamingo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 e-Afrika: ezincane nezijwayelekile. Njengezimpunzi ze-kudu, zehluka ngosayizi kuphela. Igama lesiLatini elithi "flamingo" lisho "umlilo". Lokhu kuyinkomba yemibala egqamile yezinyoni. Umbala uthathwe kuma-crustaceans adliwa yizinyoni.
Ama-flamingo asanda kuzalwa amhlophe noma abe mpunga. Izimpaphe ezibomvana zigcwele iminyaka emithathu. Le yindawo yokuthomba. Ukuze abeke amaqanda, ama-flamingo akha izidleke ngodaka, okungahambelani kahle nokubukeka kwezinyoni.
Ibhubesi
Eplanethi yamabhubesi, kuhlala abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Ekhulwini elidlule, kudutshulwe owesilisa onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-318. Ubude bekati bebungamasentimitha angama-335. Kuleli khulu leminyaka, azikho izigebenga ezinjalo ezisele. Isisindo sebhubesi singamakhilogremu angama-200.
Abesilisa bezinhlobo banomhlwenga ngesizathu. Ngesikhathi sezimpi zabesifazane nezindawo, amazinyo abaphikisi abambeka eboyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bemane buhlulelwa ngamabhubesikazi lapho kukhethwa abalingani bokukhwelana. Ziyini izilwane e-savannah ngoboya, abesifazane bezinhlobo bayazikhetha.
Ingwenya yase-Afrika
Izingwenya zase-Afrika zibizwa ngezingwenya zaseNayile. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesigaba sendawo yezilwane, lolu luhlobo olulodwa kuphela kwezingu-3 ezihlala kuleli zwekazi. Kukhona nezingwenya ezibuthuntu nezinamakhala emincane. Lesi sakamuva sigcwele e-Afrika, asitholakali ngaphandle kwemingcele yaso.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziphilayo, izingwenya zibonwa njengezihleleke kakhulu. Ososayensi bazisekela ekupheleleni kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula, zezinzwa nezokujikeleza kwegazi. Izingwenya zisondele kuma-dinosaurs asephelile nezinyoni zanamuhla kunezinye ezihuquzelayo zesikhathi sethu.
Obhejane
Obhejane - izilwane savannah africa, eyesibili ngosayizi kuphela izindlovu. Ngobude obungamamitha ayi-5 nokuphakama kwamamitha ama-2, isilwane sinesisindo esingamathani amane. Uphondo ekhaleni lungakhuphuka ngamasentimitha ayi-150.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zobhejane e-Afrika: ezimhlophe nezimnyama. Lesi sakamuva sinezimpondo ezifika kwezingu-5. Owokuqala uphakeme kakhulu, okulandelayo kungezansi. Obhejane abamhlophe abanazimpondo ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ziyizicubu zesikhumba, zifana nezinselo ezakhiwe.
Inkonkoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinhlobo eziningi, ezisatshalaliswa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe zamapaki kazwelonke. Lapho ibuna, inkonkoni ifinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isisindo se-ungulate sifinyelela kuma-270 kilograms. Umbala uhlukile hhayi ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemigqeni emnyama eguqukayo ohlangothini olungaphambili lomzimba.
Izinkonkoni zifuduka kabili ngonyaka. Isizathu ukusesha amanzi namakhambi afanele. Izinkonkoni zidla ngohlu olunqunyelwe lwezitshalo. Ziwasusa endaweni eyodwa, izinhlwathi zigijimela kwezinye.
Ukhozi Fisher
Unempaphe emhlophe yekhanda nentamo, enwelela kunxantathu esifubeni nasemhlane. Umzimba wokhozi umnyama-nsundu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luphuzi ngokugqunqa ekugcineni. Izidladla ze-angler nazo ziphuzi, zinezimpaphe kuze kufike ocansini.
Ukhozi oludobayo luyinyoni yendawo, luzitholela izindawo eziqinile. Uma olunye ukhozi lungena endaweni yokudoba, kuqubuka izingxabano ezinodlame phakathi kwezinyoni.
Ingulule
Ishesha iye kumakhilomitha ayi-112 ngehora ngemizuzwana emi-3. Ukuhamba okunjalo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuyigcwalisa, i-cheetah ihlala izingela. Empeleni, ngenxa yokuzingela, isilo sakha ijubane elihlaba umxhwele. Nawu umbuthano ononya.
Impilo yesilwane yaseSavannah kungaphazamiseka ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okungu-10 okungaphumelelanga. Ku-11-12, njengomthetho, akusekho amandla asele. Izilwane ezidliwayo ziyawa ngenxa yokukhathala.
Imvubu
Ibizwa nangokuthi imvubu. Leli gama lakhiwe ngamagama ama-2 esi-Latin, ahunyushwa ngokuthi "ihhashi lomfula". Leli gama libonisa uthando lwesilwane ngamanzi. Izimvubu zingena kuwo, ziwela ohlotsheni lwesifo. Kunezinhlanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi ezihlanza imilomo yemvubu, isikhumba sayo.
Kukhona ulwelwesi lokubhukuda phakathi kweminwe yezilwane. Amafutha nawo afaka isandla ekuvuthweni. Amakhala ezimvubu avale ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kudingeka ukuhogela umoya njalo ngemva kwemizuzu emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, izimvubu ngezikhathi ezithile ziphakamisa amakhanda azo ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Umlomo wemvubu uvula ama-degree angama-180. Amandla okuluma angama-230 kilograms. Lokhu kwanele ukuthatha impilo yengwenya. Ngenyama yezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izimvubu ziyahlukahluka ekudleni kwamakhambi. Iqiniso lokuthi izimvubu nenyama zidla ukutholakala kwekhulu lama-21.
Inyathi
Esithombeni, izilwane ze-savannah bheka umxhwele. Akumangalisi, ngoba ukuphakama kwenyathi cishe kungamamitha ama-2, kanti ubude buyi-3.5. Imitha yokugcina iwela emsileni. Amanye amaduna anesisindo esifinyelela kwithani. Isisindo esimaphakathi singama-500-900 kilograms. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa.
Kubukeka sengathi zonke izinyathi zicindezelekile futhi ziphapheme. Lokhu kungumphumela wobuningi besakhiwo se-ungulate. Ikhanda lenyathi lingaphansi kolayini oqondile ongemuva.
Ingwe
Okuncane kunawo wonke amakati amakhulu. Ukuphakama kwengwe ekubuneni akweqi ngamasentimitha angama-70. Ubude besilwane ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Inani lemvula elidingekayo ukuze ingwe ihlale endaweni eyi-savanna nalo line-bar dimensional.
Ikati lihlala kulo kuphela uma okungenani amasentimitha ama-5 amanzi ewa ezulwini ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lemvula lenzeka ngisho nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Izingwe nazo zihlala lapho.
Umbala wengwe uncike endaweni ezungezile. E-savannah, amakati avame ukuwolintshi. Ezingwadule, izilwane zinethoni yesihlabathi.
IMfene
Umhlali ojwayelekile waseMpumalanga Afrika. Izimfene lapho zajwayela ukuzingela ndawonye. Ama-Antelopes aba yizisulu. Izinkawu zilwela inyamazane ngoba azithandi ukwabelana. Kufanele nizingele ndawonye, ngoba uma kungenjalo ababulewe abanakubulawa.
Izimfene zihlakaniphile, zilula ukuthanjiswa. Lokhu kwakusetshenziswa abaseGibhithe lasendulo. Bazithambisa izimfene ngokuzifundisa ukuqoqa izinsuku emadlelweni.
I-Gazelle Grant
Izinhlanzi ezidliwayo zaseSavannah okusohlwini lweRed Book lomhlaba jikelele. Kunabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-250 kubantu. Iningi labo lihlala ezindaweni ezivikelekile eziqiwini zikazwelonke zase-Afrika.
Ukubukeka kungabonakala ngombala we-beige wejazi elifushane, isisu esimhlophe, kube mnyama emilenzeni namamaki ane-bleached ebusweni. Ukukhula kwensikazi akweqi ngamasentimitha angama-90, kanti isisindo singama-45 kilos.
Insephe kaThomson iyefana nensephe kaGrant. Kodwa-ke, kowokuqala, izimpondo zakhiwe okwe-lyre, sengathi zakhiwe ngamasongo ahlukene. Emazingeni okuphuma, ububanzi bawo bukhulu. Ubude bezimpondo ngamasentimitha angama-45-80.
Intshe yase-Afrika
Inyoni engenamitha engamamitha amabili no-150 kilogram. Mkhulu kunezinye izinyoni. Njengoba ilahlekelwe ikhono lokundiza, intshe yafunda ukugijima ngejubane lamakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora. Ngaphandle kwe-braking, le nyoni iyakwazi ukushintsha ngokucijile inkomba yokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intshe ibona kahle ijubane.
Intshe ayinawo amazinyo. Ngakho-ke, njengenkukhu, inyoni igwinya amatshe amatshe. Zisiza ukugaya ukudla kwezitshalo namaprotheni esiswini.
I-Oryx
Ama-oxexe - izilwane zasendle ze-savanna, izingane zabo ezizalwa zinezimpondo. Ezinsaneni, zivikelwe izikhwama ezinesikhumba. Njengoba i-oryx ikhula, izimpondo eziqondile ziyagqashuka kuzo. Zifana naleyo ye-oryx ye-savannah. Kukhona nezinhlobo zase-Arabia naseSahara. Lezo zinezimpondo ezigobile zibheke emuva.
I-Oryx isilwane seRed Book. I-savannah yiyona evame kakhulu. Kodwa i-oryx yokugcina yaseSahara yagcina ukubonwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 edlule. Mhlawumbe isilwane asisekho. Kodwa-ke, abantu base-Afrika ngezikhathi ezithile babika ukubonwa nabantu abangenayo. Noma kunjalo, izitatimende azibhaliwe.
Ingulube
Yiyo kuphela ingulube yasendle lemba imigodi. Ingulube ihlala kuzo. Kwesinye isikhathi ingulube ibuyisa imingxuma yezinye izilwane noma ihlale engenalutho. Abesifazane bathatha imisele evulekile. Kufanele futhi zilingane nenzalo. Izimbobo zabesilisa zincane, zifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude.
Izingulube zinamahloni. Lokhu kukhuthaze izingulube ze-savannah ukuthi zifinyelele ngesivinini samakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora. Izinkumbi zezinhlamvu zigijimela emigodini yazo noma ezihlahleni ezihlahleni. Ezinye izingulube azikwazi ukushesha okunjalo.
Igwababa elinezimpondo
Kuyinyoni eyi-hoopoe. Ubude bayo bufinyelela imitha futhi bunesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Ikhanda elincane linomqhele omude, omkhulu, ogobile ngomlomo ngokukhula ngenhla kwawo. Umsila, intamo nezimpiko zegwababa zinde, nomzimba ujiyile. Izimpaphe zimnyama. Isikhumba senyoni sibomvu. Lokhu kungabonakala ezindaweni ezingenalutho ezizungeze amehlo nasentanyeni.
Ebusheni, isikhumba esingenalutho segwababa siwolintshi. Ungabona le nyoni eKenya, enyakatho-mpumalanga nasempumalanga ye-Afrika.
Impisi
Mayelana naye kukhona idumela elibi. Isilwane sithathwa njengegwala futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, sisho okubi. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baphawula ukuthi impisi ingumama ongcono kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Imidlwane idla ubisi lwebele izinyanga ezingama-20 futhi iyona edla kuqala. Abesifazane baxosha abesilisa ekudleni, bavumela izingane. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingonyameni, izingane ngokuzithoba zilinda uyise ukuba adle.
Izimpisi azidli inyama kuphela. Abahlali baseSavannah bathanda izithelo namanzi amnandi. Ngemuva kokuwadla, izimpisi zivame ukulala eduze nendawo yokudla.
I-Aardvark
Ummeleli kuphela weqembu le-aardvark. Lesi silwane siyaphindaphinda, sibukeka njengesidliwayo futhi sidla nezintuthwane, kepha singaphansi kohlobo oluthile lwezilwane ezincelisayo. Izindlebe ze-Aardvark, njengonogwaja.
Impumulo yesilwane ifana nesiqu noma ipayipi elivela kumshini wokuhlanza. Umsila we-aardvark uyefana nalowo wegundane. Umzimba ngandlela thile ukhumbuza ingulube encane. Ukukholelwa kungabonakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna eziseningizimu yeSahara.
Uma uhambo oluya e-Afrika lungahlelwanga, ungacabanga nge-aardvark ezu zaseRussia. Ngo-2013, ngasendleleni, wazalelwa ithole isilwane exotic eYekaterinburg. Ngaphambilini, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola inzalo yama-aardvark ekuthunjweni.
Izinyoni zaseGuinea
Inyoni yeginea yayifuyiwe. Kodwa-ke, abantu abakhululekile bahlala emvelweni. Ngezezinkukhu. Ubungako benyoni engu-Guinea busayizi yenkukhu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zokugcina azikwazi ukundiza. Inyoni yaseGuinea inyukela esibhakabhakeni, yize kunzima, - izimpiko ezifushane nezindilinga ziyaphazamisa.
Izinyoni zaseGuinea zinenhlangano yezenhlalo ethuthukile. Izinhlobo ezinezimpaphe zigcinwa emihlambini. Lo mshini waklanyelwa ukusinda ezimweni ze-savannah.
Ingungumbane
Phakathi kwezingungumbane, umAfrika mkhulu kunabo bonke. Phakathi kwamagundane, isilwane naso asilingani. Eminye imiqolo engungumbeni yinde kunayo. Abantu base-Afrika abazi ukuthi bangaphonsa kanjani "imikhonto" ezitheni, yize kukhona inganekwane enjalo.
Isilwane siphakamisa izinaliti zibheka kuphela. Amashubhu asemsileni ayize. Isizakala ngalokhu, ingungumbane ihambisa izinaliti zemisila yayo, yenze imisindo ehlabayo. Zethusa izitha, zikhumbula ikhwela lenyoka.
Ezimpini, iziqu zenkuni ziyaphuka. Uma ungeke wesabe isitha, isilwane sigijima sizungeze umoni, sikhathele futhi sigwaze. Izinaliti eziphukile zikhula futhi.
UDikdick
Akuhambi kude ku-savannah, ugcine umkhawulo wayo. Isizathu ukuthi inyamazane encane idinga ukumbozwa ngohlobo lwamahlathi aminyene ezihlahla. Kuzo kulula ukuthi ungulate acashe cishe uhhafu wemitha namasentimitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Isisindo sikaDikdik asidluli amakhilogremu ayisithupha.
Abesifazane bezinhlobo abanazo izimpondo. Ukufaka imibala kubantu bobulili obuhlukile kuyafana. Isisu se-antelope simhlophe, kanti wonke umzimba ubomvu ngokubomvu noma uphuzi ophuzi.
Weaver
Isihlobo sase-Afrika sondlunkulu onamakhadi abomvu. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zabeluki. Kunamagama ayi-10 ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika. Umeluki okhokhiswa ngokubomvu uvame kakhulu.
I-Afrika iyikhaya labeluki abayizigidigidi eziyishumi. Izigidi ezingama-200 zibhujiswa minyaka yonke. Lokhu akubeki engcupheni ubukhulu bohlobo lohlobo.
Imbongolo yasendle yaseSomalia
Kutholakala e-Ethiopia. Uhlobo olusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kunemigqa emnyama evundlile emilenzeni yesilwane. Le mbongolo yaseSomalia ifana nedube. Kukhona ukufana ekwakhekeni komzimba.
Abantu abahlanzekile bahlala e-Afrika. Kuma-zoo naseziqiwini zikazwelonke, i-ungulate ivame ukuwela nembongolo yaseNubian. Inzalo iyabizwa izilwane ze-savannah zase-Eurasia... E-Basel, eSwitzerland, ngokwesibonelo, izimbongolo ezingama-35 ezihlanganisiwe ziye zazalwa kusukela ngawo-1970.
Izimbongolo ezenziwa kahle kakhulu zaseSomalia ngaphandle kwase-Afrika zitholakala ema-zoo ase-Italy.
Ama-steppe expanses e-Australia naseMelika avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-savanna. Kodwa-ke, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zihlanganyela ngama-biotopes. Izilwane zeSavannah zaseNingizimu Melika kubizwa ngokufanele izakhamuzi zepampas. Leli yigama ngqo lama-steppes ezwekazi. Izilwane zeSavannah zaseNyakatho Melika empeleni ziyizilwane zasendle. Kulezi zintaba, njengakuleli laseNingizimu Melika, utshani buphansi, futhi kukhona ubuncane bezihlahla nezihlahlana.
