Kusukela kusiTatar kuya kusiRashiya kwavela amagama athi ipensela, i-attic, i-sundress, ukusebenza kanzima, imali, ikhabethe. Bacebisa isiko lamaSlav. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaTatar aluthatha kanzima ulimi lwesiRashiya. Ngokwabantu ababalwa ngo-1887, amaTatar amaningi ayeziqonda kahle izilimi zawo, isi-Arabhu nesiTurkey.
I-Russian yaphuka. Kwakunobunye obuningi emvelweni kunasolimini. Iningi lezilwane zaseTatarstan zitholakala nakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia. Eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye edlule, isimo besifana. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-400 zama-vertebrate nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-270 ezweni. Isikhathi sokujwayela sesifikile.
Izilwane ezivamile zaseTatarstan
Impungushe
Ukwanda kwezimpungushe eRepublic ngezikhathi ezithile kusongela abantu. Ngo-2015, ngokwesibonelo, kwamenyezelwa ukudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi ngokukopela okubomvu. I-Tatarstan yaba umholi ekuphikisweni kokulinganiswa kwezifunda zaseRussia ngokuya ngezigameko zamarabi ezimbungwini.
Ngonyaka, kutholakale izilwane ezingaphezu kuka-130 kuleli gciwane. Abangaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili babo babeyizimpungushe. Ukudubula kwehlise ubukhulu besibalo sabantu, noma kunjalo, akubonanga engozini.
Izimpungushe - izilwane zeriphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan, inani abazama ukuligcina ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yomuntu oyedwa kumahektha ayizinkulungwane. Ngakho-ke, kukhona cishe ama-8 000 cheats abomvu eRepublic.
UMotley pestle
Ungowomndeni we-hamster. Ubude begundane abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-12, kanti isisindo singamagremu angama-35. Kukhona umugqa omnyama ngemuva kwepestle. Obunye uboya bumpunga. Ungabona futhi i-pied ngezindlebe zayo ezincane eziyindilinga namehlo enkinobho emnyama.
Izinambuzane zihlala emigodini, zizimbe ngokwazo. Ngakho-ke, amagundane "adonswa" enhlabathini ethambile, emnyama. Kulula ukumba kuyo futhi imihubhe ayiwi, njengasesihlabathini.
Impisi
Izimpisi eTatarstan, njengezimpungushe, zadutshulwa. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi ubumpunga buyindlela ehlelekile yehlathi, ebulala izilwane ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka. Amagciwane namagciwane asuka enyameni yawo awanabungozi kwizimpisi.
Yile ndlela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezivikelwa ngayo. Ukutholakala kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo kwavimbela ukuqothulwa kwezimpunga. Isibalo sabantu sesiluleme.
Uma izinja ziyizimpisi ezithanjisiwe, lapho-ke ziyehliswa. Izimpunga zinobuchopho obukhulu besithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla engqondo ezimpisi aphezulu kunenja.
U-Elk
Izinombolo zayo zabuyiselwa cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Igoli selifeziwe. Usayizi wabantu walethwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ezinye zazo zithola isisindo samakhilogremu angu-500. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyisisindo sabesilisa.
Zizizwa ziphakeme, zivundisa abesifazane abaningana. Ama-Elks osayizi ophakathi ahlala yedwa futhi ahlala ethembekile kumlingani oyedwa.
Ama-Elks yizilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke eTatarstan. Amanye ama-reindeer mancane futhi ahlala emihlambini. Ama-Elks anesizungu, ahlangana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Roe
Lokhu kusebenza nasezinhlotsheni ezibuyiselwe. Kusuka kubantu abangama-2400, inani labantu lenyuswa laya ku-3500. Lokhu kungumphumela wochungechunge lwezinyathelo ze-biotechnology nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo. Izinyamazane zeRoe kwakudingeka zivikelwe, ikakhulukazi, ezinjeni zasendle. Baqoqana emhlambini baqala ukuhlasela izilwane zasendle. Izinyamazane ze-roe nazo zashaywa.
Ngenxa yezinja, izinyamazane ze-roe nazo zilahlekelwe okunye ukudla kwazo. Wabekwa ezindaweni zokuzingela kuma-feeder akhethekile. Izinja zasendle zazilimaza. Bekufanele ngibambe futhi ngidubule izinja "ezinesihluku". Abezindaba babike lokhu ngoJanuwari 2018.
I-red vole
Phakathi kwama-voles, ayihlukaniswa kuphela yithoni ebomvu yejazi, kepha futhi nobude bomsila. Ayidluli amasentimitha ama-4. Amanye ama-voles anemisila emide. Ubude bomzimba wabamele izinhlobo ezibomvu ngamasentimitha ayi-12.
Izilwane zaseTatarstan esithombeni imvamisa bamba amantongomane ephayini ezinqeni zabo. Kuyikudla okuyinhloko kwama-voles abomvu. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola amantongomane, amagundane anelisekile okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
UMedyanka
Inyoka. Abantu abaningi bayamdida ngenyoka. Noma kunjalo, i-copperhead ingeyesivele ikhona. Inyoka impunga phezulu, nesisu esikhanya ngethusi. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Abamele bayo bahlukile kubabululu ngokungabi khona komugqa omnyama ozombezelayo ngemuva.
Ubude, izinhloko zethusi zinwetshwa ngamasentimitha angama-60-75. Inyoka idla izibankwa. Uma zingekho, lesi silwanyane sigculiswa amaxoxo namagundane amancane.
Ukhokho oyizithulu
I-cuckoo ejwayelekile nayo isabalele ezweni. Umuntu ongezwa wehlukile kuye hhayi ekulaleleni. Ukuthi ama-subspecies anezwi elingacacile. Esikhundleni se- "ku-ku", kuzwakala i- "doo-doo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, wona kanye umsindo wenyoni uthule du.
I-cuckoo engezwa ifakiwe izilwane nezinyoni zaseTatarstannjengenhlobo, ekhetha ekukhetheni abazali abangabondli bayo amatshwele ayo. Amaqanda aphonswa kuphela kuma-warblers. I-cuckoo ejwayelekile ishiya inzalo yezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyisithupha.
Bleak
Le yinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, ingeka-carp. Ubude obumnyama bungeqi kumasentimitha angama-20. E-Tatarstan, inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-synth. Kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, kuvela iziteketiso ze-baklya, sibil, ukuncibilika okuphezulu. Igama lokugcina lihlotshaniswa nendlela emnyama yokubhukuda eduze kobuso bamanzi.
Okumnyama kunomzimba ovulekile futhi ominyene kamuva. Incane, imbozwe ngezikali ezinhle zesiliva.
Bream
Ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-82 ubude futhi ingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Ukuziphatha kwehlukile ezinhlanzini ezisencane nezabantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, intsha nabanolwazi babanjwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi kube yi-bream kanye ne-undergrowth. Akukho ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kusayensi esemthethweni, yethulwa ngabadobi.
I-Bream ingeka-carp, ihlukaniswa ngomzimba wayo ophakeme, izikali ezinkulu nekhanda. Umlomo wesilwane mncane. Isiphetho senhlanzi esisemhlane sinesimo sensimbi egobile ngaphakathi.
Izilwane zeRed Book yaseTatarstan
Ogar
Inyoni engcwele yamaBuddha. Ngokwenkolo yabo, umlilo wedada uletha ukuthula nokuzola. Yinyoni uqobo lwayo engaphumuli. Inyoni enezimpaphe, ependwe ngamathoni abomvu, isengozini. Le yimininingwane yohlelo lwakamuva lweRed Book yaseTatarstan.
Umlilo ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-67 ubude. Idada linesisindo esingangekhilogremu. Njengoba ivela ohlelweni lwama-anseriformes, le enezimpaphe ingezinyoni zasemanzini, iyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini nokuntywila.
Itshe lemarten
Futhi omusha ku-Red Book yaseTatarstan. Phakathi kwama-mustelids, izinhlobo zamatshe zigqama ngokungazethembi, zivame ukuhlala emapaki, duzane nasezindlini zabantu kanye nasezindlini zabo. Yingakho isilwane singene izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka eTatarstan. Abantu abajabuli ngaso sonke isikhathi ngomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi lapho ama-marten engenela ezinkukhu.
I-marten yamatshe, njengezingwejeje, iyathanda ukuzitika ngabaphakeli ababelekwe ngabantu ezihlahleni. Kumele ukuthi bazimele. I-marten ayithandi amahlathi aminyene. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu beTatarstan bulungele isilwane. I-republic itholakala ekuhlanganeni kwama-biotopes amabili - i-steppe nehlathi.
I-chipmunk yase-Asia
E-Eurasia, izinhlobo zase-Asia zingukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-chipmunk. Ngosayizi izilwane ezingavamile zaseTatarstan amaprotheni amancane. Ubude bomzimba we-chipmunk abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-16. Isigamu sayo sivela emsileni opholile. Kanye naye, isilwane sinesisindo esingama-100 amagremu.
Ngaphandle, i-chipmunk yase-Asia ihlukaniswa yimivimbo emi-5 emnyama emide egijima ngemuva. Bonke uboya besilwane bunsundu.
Ufudu lwexhaphozi
Aihlali njalo emaxhaphozini, kepha ihlala njalo emizimbeni yamanzi amasha enebhange lamanje elibuthakathaka futhi elehlelayo. AT Izilwane zaseTatarstan zeRed Book kutholwe okunjalo ezifundeni zaseNurlatsky nase-Alkeevsky. Ngaphandle kwe-republic, kutholakala izimfudu esifundeni saseCaspian, eCaucasus, eningizimu ye-Urals.
Isikhathi sokugcina ukubonakala kofudu lwasolwandle eTatarstan kwakuyiminyaka engama-20 eyedlule ekungeneni kwesifunda saseNurlat. Lesi silwane sithwetshulwe nguGaranin Valerian - uprofesa ohlobene noMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe e-Kazan State University. Kodwa-ke, ufudu olungasabonakali alwaziwa. Ososayensi banethemba lemihlangano emisha.
Ingwe yeqhwa
Ibukisa ngesibonakaliso seRiphabhulikhi, kepha ayivamile emvelweni. Kulula ukubona umhlaseli ensimini yase-Kazan zoo-botanical. Ngaphandle kwaso, lesi silo sakhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni, sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Kunezizathu zokucasha. Izingwe zaziqothulwe ngenxa yoboya. Manje baqeda izindawo lapho kuhlala amakati asendle.
Engutsheni yezingalo zaseTatarstan, ingwe iphakamisa izandla zayo. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso samandla aphakeme nokuqala kokuhamba. Izakhamuzi zeriphabhuliki zikubona njengokunyakaza kokuvuselelwa.
Ibhere elinsundu
Nakwi-republic, kwafakwa ohlwini lweRed Book. Ukufakwa konyawo lapho kunemibandela. Ngawo-2000, inani lezinhlobo zaqala ukwehla. Izazi zezilwane zibhale ibhere njengesilwane esisengozini. Icala alifikanga kulebuli "esezophela." Izinhlobo ezithathwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa zibuyise izinombolo zayo ngonyaka we-2016. Manje sekuxazululwa umbuzo wokukhishwa kwebhere elinsundu eRed Data Book yerephabhulikhi.
Kunama-clubfoots amaningi ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseRybno-Slobodsky. Sabala abantu abangu-120. Kodwa-ke, iningi labo lingena ezweni kuphela ehlobo. Amabhere aya ebusika esifundeni saseKirov nase-Udmurtia. Lapho, amahlathi aminyene, kunengozi encane yokuthi izilwane zizophazamiseka ngesikhathi sokulala.
I-pike yegolide
Imininingwane ngezinhlanzi ayiphumi masinyane, ngoba kukhona nomuntu odla izinyosi zegolide. Amasayithi mayelana "nokuvela" kwakhe kwasekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, izakhamuzi zeriphabhulikhi ziyazi ukuthi kutholakala ipiki engavamile esiqiwini saseBlue Lakes.
Iphiki yegolide ifana naleyo ejwayelekile, kepha amaphiko ezinhlanzi aphonswa aphuzi. Izikali zezinhlanzi ziyiminqumo. Njenge-pike ejwayelekile, igolide lithanda amadamu apholile anamanzi agobhozayo.
I-Tarantula South Russian
Ungowomndeni wesicabucabu sempisi, unobuthi. Ukulunywa kwe-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia kufana nokubhoboza uphondo. Izinhlungu ziyefana. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokulunywa yi-tarantula ivuvukile. Ubuhlungu buhlala amahora ambalwa, futhi ezinganeni nasebekhulile - izinsuku. Ubuthi abubulali.
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-3.5. Umzimba wesicabucabu umbozwe izinwele. Isilwane ungasibona emhlabathini omanzi omanzi oswakeme. Izicabucabu zikhetha izindawo lapho imithombo yomhlaba isondela khona ngaphezulu.
Isikwele esindizayo
Izingwejeje ezindizayo - izilwane ezihlala eTatarstan, futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni. Kodwa-ke, imiyalo yezilwane yehlukile, yize izilwane zifana ngokubukeka. Ingwejeje endizayo incane. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane, kufaka phakathi umsila, abudluli ngamasentimitha angama-22. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingwejeje endizayo inezindwangu zesikhumba phakathi kwemilenze. Lapho isilwane sihamba phakathi kwezihlahla, isikhumba siyelula, sandise indawo yokuxhumana nemisinga yomoya.
Esikhathini esiningi, izingwejeje ezindizayo zitholakala esifundeni sase-Agryz se-republic. Omunye wale mihlangano wachazwa ngu-Alexander Belyaev, isisebenzi saseKazan University.
Ihhashi lasehlathini
Yibhungane elinomzimba ohlaza okotshani ogqamile, omile kanye nokufana kwamazinyo endlebe anemilomo ephuma emlonyeni. Encwadini Ebomvu izilwane zaseTatarstan kwavela ngoba abajwayele ukuhlakazeka. Wazalelwa endaweni ethile, amabhungane ahlala kuwo kuze kube sekufeni. Ngakho-ke, abantu bahlukanisiwe. Umuntu uguqula indawo yokuhlala yalaba bantu ngemisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ziyaphela.
Ubude behhashi ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5-1.8. Imilenze emide, enentwasahlobo ivumela ibhungane ukuthi lingagcini nje ngokukhasa, kodwa futhi ligxume. Kungakho igama lohlobo.
Igopher enamachashazi
URinur Bekmansurov, inhloko ye-Lower Kama Museum of Nature, waba ngowokuqala ukukhuluma ngokuncipha kwenani lezingwe ezinamachashazi. Leli yipaki likazwelonke le-republic. URinur uqaphele ukuthi ukunyamalala kwalezi zinhlobo kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinkozi zokungcwaba. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zidla ama-gopher.
ITatarstan ilungiselela uhlelo lokuvikela ingwejeje enamabala. Igama layo lihlotshaniswa nombala. Ukuziphatha kwesilwane kuyaxokozela futhi, ngokubheka usongo lokuqothulwa, kukhona okumele kuxabane ngakho.
Ufezela wamanzi
Imilenze yayo yangaphambili igobile njengezinsimbi. Isimo somzimba sibuye sifane nesofezela. Yilapho ukufana kuphela khona. Ubude besilwane seRed Book abudluli ngamasentimitha ama-2. Isidalwa, njengoba igama lisho, sihlala emanzini. Ufezela awulumi futhi, empeleni, uyinambuzane evela ohlelweni lwezimbungulu.
Izilwane zaseTatarstan ufezela wamanzi ucebisa ngokungabonakali. Isinambuzane sizifihla njengeqabunga eliwele emanzini. Ngakho-ke, umbala wembungulu unombala oluhlaza okotshani, njengokungathi ubunile.
Umvundla
Ngama-70s wekhulu elidlule leminyaka, kwakukhona abamhlophe abayizinkulungwane ezingama-70 ezweni. Ngo-2015, sekusele izikhathi eziphindwe ka-10. Izindawo zokuhlala zeHares manje sezihlakazekile. Izizathu zokwehla kwezinhlobo kwakuwukuzingela, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo.
Unogwaja omdala omhlophe ungamasentimitha angama-45-65 ubude. Irekhodi lingamasentimitha angama-75 umuntu ngamunye enesisindo esingu-5.5 kilograms.
Ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu bezinhlobo zokuzingela, abamele babo bakhuliswa ngokuqanjwa ngokukhishwa okulandelayo kwimvelo. Ngakho-ke ngo-2017, amadada ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10, izinyamazane eziyi-100, imishado engama-50 yathunyelwa ebubanzini beTatarstan. Lezi zinsuku azikhuliswanga, kepha zalethwa zivela e-Altai.
