Ukuhleka kwenyoni okujwayelekile okuhambisana nezimpawu eziningi zesintu kuzwakale kuwo wonke umuntu osehlathini, epaki noma engadini. Igama lezinyoni yi-onomatopoeia yesici sengoma sazo esinokuphindaphinda okuningi.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ama-cuckoos abizwa ngomama ababi abashiya izingane zabo kubantu abangabazi ukuze bakhuliswe. Igama, eselibe igama lasekhaya, lihlotshaniswa nezici ezikhethekile zokukhulisa inzalo. Kepha akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ezifanayo, indlela aziphatha ngayo ayifanele ukuhlolwa okungaqondakali.
Incazelo nezici
Ababhali basendulo babe ngabokuqala ukukhomba ukufana kwezimpawu zangaphandle zekhokho noklebe. U-Aristotle wahlobanisa ukufana nenkolelo yokuthi isidalwa esivame ukuphindukuzalwa sinezindlela ezimbili. Ososayensi baphawula ukwakheka kwekhanda, izimpaphe nezimpawu zokundiza ezivamile ezinyonini.
Ubukhulu benyoni bucishe buqhathaniswe nobephuphu elisemkhatsini. Ubude bungu-33-34 cm, isisindo esingu-100-180 g, amaphiko ububanzi obungama-56-65 cm. Ihlathi ikhukhamba esithombeni ikhombisa ukwakhiwa okuhle. Umsila omise okwekhanda omude, amaphiko amafushane avumela ukuhamba okuhle kakhulu emahlathini.
Nini ukhokho kuhlezi, imilenze emifushane icishe ingabonakali. Njengezigodo, indawo yeminwe: emibili ngaphambili, emibili ngemuva - - ikuvumela ukuthi ubambelele ngokuqinile endaweni eqondile, kepha ivimbela ukunyakaza kwabahamba ngezinyawo endaweni evundlile.
Uqhwaku lukakhokho lumnyama, ngombala ophuzi kancane ngezansi. Eduze kwamehlo kunendandatho yesikhumba yombala o-orenji okhanyayo.
Umbala wamakhukhamba ajwayelekile ikakhulu umpunga omnyama onombala womlotha. Isisu asikhanyi, sinomucu wensimbi onqamulelayo. Imilenze yezinyoni ihlale iphuzi. Umehluko wezocansi ucishe ungabonakali, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunabesifazane abanombala obomvu omhlophe onemigqa eguqukayo.
AmaJuvenile ahlala enemibala eminingi, avelele ngemibala ebomvu nansundu ngokubomvu, anamabala amhlophe ku-nape, anyamalala ezinyonini ezindala. Izinyoni ziyancibilika kabili ngonyaka. Ukuvuselelwa kancane kwezimpaphe kubonakala ehlobo, futhi kuqedile - ebusika.
Kuye ngohlobo lwenyoni, umbala wehluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-cuckoos ethusi anomthunzi ofanele wokufihla okuthembekile. I-cuckoo yegolide inezimpaphe eziphuzi-beige ezinamachashaza amnyama.
Le nyoni ihamba impilo eyimfihlo, okungajwayelekile ukuthi ikhombise ukuba khona kwayo nemisindo. Okuhlukile yintwasahlobo nengxenye yokuqala yehlobo, lapho isikhathi sokukhwelana siguqula abesilisa babe ngabaculi abanomsindo nabaculayo. Ucingo oluphindaphindiwe "cuckoo" ngokuqinisa kuhlamvu lokuqala kuhloswe ngalo ukuheha owesifazane.
Lalela izwi likakhokho
Ngezinsuku ezicacile izwi likakhokho ingazwakala ebangeni lamakhilomitha amabili. Uma inyoni ijabule, khona-ke imisindo elinganisiwe ibonakala ihlanganiswe yaba "ku-ku-ku-ku" okukodwa, okufana nokukhotha noma ukuhleka. Owesifazane naye ushicilela ukukhala okumemayo, okufana ne-gillling trill. Uma izinyoni ezibanjiwe zithathwa ezandleni zazo, khona-ke zikhala kakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Okuvamile ikhukhamba - inyoni edume kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo, okukhona kuzo eziningi. Umndeni we-cuckoo uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinyoni:
- okuhlukahlukene;
- igundwe;
- ukugijima;
- izibungu;
- WaseMelika;
- kwangempela.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zimelwe yizinhlobo eziyi-140 ze-cuckoo, ezihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Izinketho zombala zivele ngenxa yokujwayela izinyoni endaweni yazo.
Amakhukhamba akhokhelwa ngamabala. Umzimba omncane, umsila ohlangene, imilenze eqinile. Bahlala kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Amachwane e-cuckoo ayazikhulisa, kepha futhi angakhubaza, abekele amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni.
Spur cuckoos. Uzipho olude lwesithupha lunikeze igama lohlobo lohlobo oluhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo. Ubungako benyoni busayizi wegwababa. Umbala unombala onsundu onsundu ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Isidleke seCuckoo bazidalele bona, banakekele amaphuphu, bashintshane ngokuwanakekela.
Amakhukhamba (emhlabathini) agijimayo. Bahlala eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Akuvamile ukukhuphukela emoyeni, okuvame ukutholakala emigwaqweni. Umbala onemigqa, ukuqhuma phezulu kwekhanda, intamo ende nomsila kusiza ukuhamba ekugijimeni, ukwenza ukujika okubukhali. Ekukhuliseni inzalo, ikhukhamba liyisidleke samagciwane.
Izibungu. Ummeleli ovelele yizibungu zaseBrazil. Kuvame ukutholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika eduze kwamadlelo, lapho kutholakala khona njalo ukudla kwezinambuzane eziyimifino. Inomlomo omncane onamandla, othambile ezinhlangothini.
I-Ani izibungu cuckoo
Amakhukhamba aseMelika. Ziyahluka ngosayizi, kepha zonke zinemisila emide, imilenze eqinile, ukwakheka okuhle. Isethembiso sivame ukupendwa ngombala omnyama nomhlophe. Zakha izidleke zazo, kuyaqabukela zikhubaze izihambi.
Amakhukhamba wangempela. Kusatshalaliswe e-Eurasia entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ubusika benziwa e-Afrika. I-Bristly, enamakhanda amhlophe, i-crested, enkulu, i-drongo nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zaleli qembu elikhulu.
Okuvame kakhulu kubo kujwayelekile ukhokho. Iyiphi inyoni kusukela kuhlobo lukhubaza kakhulu kunezinye, kunzima ukunquma, kepha zonke ziphonsa amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyoni zikhethe izindawo eziningi ezihlanganisa cishe wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Antarctica. AmaCuckoos asabalale kakhulu ezwenikazi laseMelika nase-Eurasia.
Izinyoni zikhangwa yisimo sezulu esifudumele nezindawo ezinamahlathi abanzi kakhulu. Abayithandi i-taiga eminyene enezihlahlana ezingahambeki zezitshalo ezimnyama ze-coniferous. Emahlathini amaningi ayingcosana, iningi lezinhlobo ze-cuckoo selikwazi kahle iziqu eziphezulu zezihlahla, bambalwa kuphela abazinze ehlathini. I-Evolution iye yaguqula izinyoni kancane kancane ukuze zivule izikhala.
Nquma ikhukhamba lifuduka noma cha, ungakwenza endaweni yokwakha isidleke sakhe. Lezo zinhlobo ezichamisela amachwane endaweni epholile zindiza ziye ebusika e-Afrika, China, India. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho Melika zifudukela e-Argentina.
Ngesikhathi sezindiza zonyaka, ama-cuckoo amboza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-3,000 ngaphandle kokuphumula; ibanga eliphelele elisuka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke lifinyelela ku-6,000 km. Ukulandelela ukufuduka kunzima ngenxa yobukhona bemfihlo bezinyoni. Amakhukhamba awaphambukeli emihlambini.
Zindiza kancane, zisindisa amandla. Ubusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu buhlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ikhukhamba - inyoni ebusika, ukuhlala phansi.
Ngaphandle kokudlanga kwamakhukhamba, kunzima ukuwagcina. Bahlala impilo eyodwa, isikhathi sokuzala kuphela sibaheha komunye nomunye. Izinyoni zilazi kahle ihlathi nezinyoni ezihlala kulo. Inhlolovo yendawo ilinganiswa ngamahektha.
Njenge-parasite yokwakha isidleke inyoni eyisimanga ukhokho ikhethela abazali bokutholwa benzalo yabo. Amakhulu ezinhlobo zezinyoni aba ngabaqaphi ngokuphikisana nentando yabo. I-cuckoo uqobo ayizihluphi ngokwakha isidleke noma ubunzima bezinkukhu ezihlengikazi. Akukona nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi igama lale nyoni selibe yigama lasekhaya lalabo ababezoba omama abashiya izingane zabo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi, kunezinkukhu eziningi ezishisayo ezikwazi ukondla nokukhulisa inzalo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinyoni akufanele zithathwe njengezinambuzane. Ukusizakala komphakathi kwezinyoni kusekucekelweni phansi kwamahlathi nezingadi ezivela ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi nakumbungu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwamakhukhamba omnivorous ikakhulu kuqukethe izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kepha kufaka nokudla kwezitshalo. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obuncane, izinyoni zinamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqongelelwa kwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, okudingekayo ezindizeni zebanga elide ngesikhathi sokufuduka ebusika.
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu kuqukethe izintethe, ama-fillies, amabhungane, izimvemvane, izibungu zeklabishi, izibankwa ezincane. Amakhukhamba adla omiyane, amaqanda entuthwane nezinyoni, iziphungumangathi, izibungu zezinambuzane namacimbi anoboya obunobuthi ezinye izinyoni eziwagwemayo. Kusukela ekudleni kwezitshalo, ama-cuckoos asehlathini akhetha amajikijolo.
Ukubhujiswa kwenqwaba yezinambuzane yizinyoni kuyinto ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo. Kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa lapho ukuncipha kwesifiso sama-oda wehlathi kuncipha. Impilo yezinyoni ze-Cuckoo igcwele usesho olusebenzayo lwebhangqa lokuzalisa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhwelana okusebenzayo kwamadoda kuqala ngo-Ephreli futhi kuqhubeka kuze kufike u-Agasti. Ubude besikhathi sokuzalela kungenxa yokunamathiselwa kwamakhukhamba kwezinye izinyoni, ezikhubazekile yizo. Bala, lapho izidleke zezinyoni ikhukhamba lizalela khona amaqanda, kukhombisa ukuthi uhlu luqukethe okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-300.
Ukukhetha kuvame ukuwela ezinhlotsheni ezincane zezinyoni: i-wagtail emhlophe, i-chaffinch, i-warbler, i-flycatcher, i-redstart yensimu, i-robin, i-accent yehlathi, i-finch. Ukwenziwa kwesidleke kukhulu. Izici ezivamile zezinyoni zasenkulisa ukuma kwesidleke, indawo okuyo, nokondla amaphuphu ngokufaka ukudla emlonyeni.
Inkukhu endala ikhumbula abazali bayo bokutholwa futhi ithola indawo yokwakha ngokusho kokuziphatha kombhangqwana ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. I-cuckoo eyeduna, njengo-hawk, izungeza isidleke esikhethiwe bese iphoqa inyoni ukuba isishiye.
Insikazi, elungele ukubeka, ilawulwa ngemizuzwana eyi-10-16, ishiya eyayo futhi ithathe iqanda lomunye umuntu, i.e. ngokwenza okunye.
Kwenzeka ukuthi sekuvele kunamaqanda aqanduselwe kahle ku-clutch, ikhukhamba alinaso isikhathi esanele sokukhula kombungu. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi idla yonke i-clutch ngokuphelele ukuze iphoqe abazali bokutholwa ukuthi baphinde bazale.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka sokuzala amaqanda ekhukhamba ziwela ezidlekeni ezahlukahlukene, kepha kuyenzeka ukuthi abesifazane abahlukahlukene benze ushintsho endaweni eyodwa. Ubukhulu bamaqanda buvamise ukuba bukhulu kunokubanjwa kwezinyoni ezikhulisayo. Amaphethini ahlukahlukene, umbala ungamhlophe, ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ububende noma ubonakale.
Isikhathi sokufukamela yizinsuku eziyi-11-12. Uma iphuphu livela ngaphambi kwezinye izilwane, khona-ke uthola inzuzo ebonakalayo phakathi kwabanye emzabalazweni wokusinda. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kuhlose ukukhipha amaqanda namachwane achanyuselwa esidlekeni.
Noma eseyimpumputhe futhi ehamba ze, uxosha omakhelwane ngaphandle kwesidleke ngomhlane. Ukubukeka okunamandla kwamakhukhamba akuphazamisi ukuqhutshwa komzabalazo ofanayo kuze kube yilapho kuqedwa ngokuphelele izimbangi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ziyawabona amaqanda abanye abantu bama-parasites, ziwasuse. Kepha awekho amacala okususa iphuphu lekhukhamba abhalwe phansi. Amakhukhamba akhipha ukunxenxa kokondla okufana nokwamachwane emvelo wabazali bawo.
Le nkohliso yezwi ibasiza ukuba baphile. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, izimpaphe ezigcwele zamachwane ziyaphela, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, ukuqala kokuzimela kuqala, cishe iminyaka eyi-10 ubude.
