Imvelo ihlala isebenza ngokwemithetho yayo, iyodwa enquma ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezilwane ezizokwakhiwa. "Iphindaphinda" abanye abamele ngaphandle kokuma, ezinhlotsheni eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukwehlukanisa lezi zinhlobo phakathi kwazo, ziyafana kakhulu. Futhi abanye abantu bahloselwe ukuba sebunyeni, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso - isifanekiso esiyingqayizivele.
Kukhona inyoni ezilwaneni zaseRussia okuluhlaza yedwa, zonke izihlobo zakhe eziseduze ngokuzalwa I-Tarsiger hlala phesheya. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziningi ezinkulu zezwe lethu naseYurophu, kuvame ukuvela kuphela ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo. Mhlawumbe yingakho sikhathazeke kakhulu ngesiculi esincane sezingoma. Ake simazi kangcono.
Incazelo nezici
I-Bluetail inyoni encane, ngisho undlunkulu mkhulu kunaye. Ngesisindo, ifinyelela ku-18 g, kanti ubude buyi-15 cm, okuyi-6.5 cm engumsila. Izimpiko zikhula zifike ku-8 cm, kubude obungu-21-24 cm. Uma ubheka owesilisa, akucaci ngokuphelele kungani le nyoni yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-bluetail. Ngemuva kwalokho, akanamsila ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, kepha futhi unemhlane, amahlombe, umsila.
Izihlathi zinombala ocebile ikakhulukazi, ngokushintshela ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo. Kusukela kuqhwaku oluncane olumnyama kuya emathempelini kunezindlela ezimhlophe zenyanga, ezifiphaza kahle amehlo abhalwe umthunzi. Ingaphansi lonke linombala wobisi olubhakwe, nezindawo ezinelanga eliphuzi ezinhlangothini. Ngalezi zinhlangothi ezikhanyayo, ungayibona ngokushesha, uyihlukanise ne-nightingale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isibonelo.
Kepha insikazi, njengezinyoni eziningi, inengubo ebukeka ijwayelekile. Uhlangothi olungenhla lunombala ompunga, ngezansi lunokhilimu. Izinhlangothi ziwolintshi onsundu. Yebo, umsila, njengenjwayelo, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezisencane zibukeka njengamarobhothi noma ama-bluethroats, kepha zihlala zihlukaniswa nezimpaphe zomsila eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bagcina umbala wabo impilo yabo yonke, njengoba besebancane, babizwa kanjalo umnqumo ompunga morphs futhi udidekile nabesifazane. Kepha umsila wazo ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka uyakhanya. Leyo impendulo yegama - izimpaphe zingaba yimuphi umthunzi, kepha umsila kufanele ube nezimpaphe zombala we-cobalt kuphela.
Ingoma ayijahile, ikhululekile, iqala buthule, kepha kancane kancane izuza umsindo. Kufaka phakathi ukuphindwaphindwa okuningi kwe-trill efanayo "chuu-ei ... chuli-chuli". Izwi le-Bluetail kuzwakala kakhulu ikakhulukazi entathakusa noma ngobusuku obukhanyayo, yize ekwazi ukucula noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku.
Owesilisa uhola iculo ngentshiseko, futhi uyaqaphela futhi uhlala ezama ukufihla emehlweni abukhali. Uzama kuze kube phakathi nehlobo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingoma yomculo kuphela engamnika yona. Uma inyoni ikhathazekile, imisindo iba namandla kakhulu, isheshe futhi icace, ngenkathi ishwiba umsila nezimpiko zayo. Esidlekeni, insikazi icula "fit-fit", kuthi owesilisa acule "vark-wark". Futhi endizeni, zikhipha izimpawu zekholi "tech, tech ...", efana nezimpawu zerobhothi.
Lalela izwi le-bluetail:
Izinhlobo
Igama leGenus Tarsiger, esaziwa njengokuthi okuluhlaza emndenini wabadobi bezindiza be-oda lokudlula, livela esiGrekini tarssos "Izinyawo eziphansi" nesiLatini lapha "Phatha". Kufaka izinhlobo eziyisithupha, ama-Asia amahlanu kanye ne-European eyodwa kuphela - i-heroine yethu I-Tarsiger cyanurus.
Zihlobene naye:
- Nightingale emhlophe (i-robin emhlophe emhlophe noma i-Indian bluetail) Isikhombi se-Tarsiger. Uhlala kule ndawo kusuka ezintabeni zaseHimalaya kuya enkabeni naseningizimu yeChina naseTaiwan. Indawo yemvelo - amahlathi e-coniferous kanye namahlathi e-rhododendron. Ngombala, iyafana ne-bluetail ejwayelekile. Iduna linomhlane ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesifuba esiphuzi, umsila unsundu ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphinde ihlotshiswe ngemigqa emhlophe njengeqhwa egijima ngamehlo kusuka ekhaleni kuya emuva. Abesifazane, njengenjwayelo, banesizotha ngokwengeziwe.
I-bluetail yaseNdiya inegama lesibili i-white-browed nightingale
- Ubusuku obomvu obomvu (irobhothi elibomvu) I-Tarsiger hyperuthrus. Ihlala eBangladesh, eBhutan, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeChina, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, enyakatho yeMyanmar naseNepal. Ubheka amahlathi axubekile njengonethezekile. Kweduna, umhlane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka usethwe ngokuphelele yisifuba esibomvu esikhanyayo.
- I-nightingale yaseTaiwan (collar robin noma uJohnston robin) I-Tarsiger johnstoniae. Ubuningi I-Taiwan (uhlobo oluvela kule ndawo). Ngakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asezintabeni nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba endaweni ephakeme ka-2-2.8 km. Ebusika kuvame ukwehlela ezigodini. Indoda inekhanda lamalahle elinamashiya ampunga. Umsila namaphiko nakho kunombala wesleyiti. Isifuba esimuncu. Esifubeni nasemahlombe, njengekhola, kunekhola elibomvu lomlilo.
Okufanekisiwe i-nightingale yaseTaiwan (collar robin)
- I-Himalaya bluetail I-Tarsiger rufilatus. Isihlobo esiseduze se-bluetail evamile. Phambilini ibithathwa njengama-subspecies. Kodwa, ngokungafani ne-heroine yethu, akayena owokufika kude, undiza amabanga amafushane kuphela ngaphakathi kwezintaba ze-Himalaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wayo ukhanya futhi ucebe ukudlula inyoni yaseRussia. Uthanda izihlahlana ezimanzi eziphakeme ezintabeni, izihlahla zemisayipuresi, zivame ukufihla ezihlahleni ezineminyaka engu-100 zihlala ziluhlaza.
- I-nightingale enomsila wegolide (i-golden shrub robin) I-Tarsiger chrusaeus. Kuhlalwa enyakatho yeHindustan naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Itholakala kalula eBhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, Thailand naseVietnam. Indawo engokwemvelo amahlathi aphakathi nendawo. Umbala uboniswa yisifuba segolide esivuthayo, umphimbo, izihlathi nekhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila ompunga onsundu unezimpaphe eziningi eziphuzi. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo - amabala egolide oblong.
IGold-Tailed Nightingale Robin
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni enhle ithatha ingxenye enkulu ye-Eurasia - ukusuka e-Estonia kuya eKorea, kuyo yonke iSiberia yaseRussia. Eningizimu, ububanzi bayo buhlanganisa i-India, iPakistan neThailand. Izimpilo ze-Bluetail naseKazakhstan naseNepal. Kepha ikakhulukazi ukhetha izindawo ezinezihlahla ezinkulu. Izimo ezikahle kakhulu kuye zingu-taiga okhule ngokweqile noma amahlathi ahlanganisiwe anomhlabathi omanzi, ama-windbreaks. Uyayithanda indawo ephakeme ezintabeni - kuze kufike ku-1200-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, uhlala unyaka wonke kuphela ezindaweni ezithile ezincane zaseNdiya naseKorea. Futhi enye indawo yindawo yayo yokwakha izidleke. IBluetail iyinyoni efudukayo, futhi kwezinye izindawo iyinyoni yokuhamba kuphela. Indiza, ima emahlathini aminyene eduze nemifula nemifudlana. I-bluetail yokufuduka kwentwasahlobo kubonwe kusukela maphakathi noMeyi.
Imisila eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayivamile ukubuthana emihlanjaneni emincane yabantu abayi-10-15, kaningi bahlala bodwa. Zikhetha ukucasha emagatsheni aminyene hhayi phezulu ngenhla komhlaba. Ubuningi babantu buhlukile. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ukucula abesilisa kuzwakale njalo kumamitha ayikhulu. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngemuva kokuhamba amakhilomitha ambalwa, ngeke uzwe imisindo efanayo.
I-Bluetail esithombeni ubukeka ehlakaniphe kakhulu ekapa yakhe ye-cobalt, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukumbona nokumthwebula. Ziyizinyoni ezithobekile, futhi zama ukungabonakali. Zihamba phansi ngokugxuma, zivame ukuthwitha umsila wazo. Khuphuka ngezinkuni.
Bafudukela ebusika ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Yize kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ezizodwa zihlangana kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ekuthunjweni, imisila eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iziphatha ngokuthula, ayishayi ngokumelene nezinduku, ungesabi ngenkathi uhlanza ikheji. Ukulwa phakathi kwabo akuvamile, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthambekela kwesizungu, kungcono ukuzigcina zihlukile kwezinye izinyoni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyoni ziyasebenza emini, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa, kungalesi sikhathi lapho zizingela khona. Imisila eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka idla izinambuzane - amabhungane nezibungu zawo, izicabucabu, amacimbi, izimpukane nomiyane. Abantu abadala badla amajikijolo nembewu ekwindla. Ukudla kutholakala yonke indawo - emhlabathini, ezihlahleni, Kwesinye isikhathi bakubamba endizeni, kukhombisa ubuhlakani obunomona, ngakho bayiswa kubadobi bezindiza.
Labo abagcina i-bluetail esibayeni bayazi ukuthi idla isigaxa sezinyoni ezidla izinambuzane ezinesifiso sokudla. Kwenzeka ukuthi inyoni, ngaphandle kokwesaba, ingathatha ubumnandi bayo obuthandayo - imisundu yokudla. Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile amanzi ahlanzekile esibayeni nasesihlahleni esincane ukuze ingane ikwazi ukugibela kuso.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amabili adalwa phakathi nobusika, eduze nenkathi yokukhwelana. Indoda idonsa intombi yayo ngokucula ama-trill amahle ekuseni. Ungayizwa yonke intwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni izinyoni ziqala ukwakha izidleke. Izidleke zakhiwa ngemifantu, imifantu, phakathi kwezimpande noma emgodini wezihlahla, phakathi kwamatshe agcwele ubulembu.
Isidleke sisezingeni eliphansi, kuze kufike ku-1 m ngaphezulu komhlaba, kwenzeka ukuthi sisesiphungeni esidala noma phansi nje. Kusetshenziswa izindwani ezomile zotshani, izinaliti, ubulembu. Isakhiwo sibukeka njengesitsha esijulile, insikazi iyasihlomisa. Ngaphakathi kugcwele izimpaphe, phansi, izinwele zezilwane.
Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-5-7 anerimu ye-beige ekugcineni okungaqondile nezinkomba ezincane ezinsundu. Amachwane avela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili efukiwe. Izimpaphe zazo yi-motley, ngamathoni ansundu ngokumpunga. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekondleni amaphuphu, bandizela ngaphandle beyofuna ukudla amahlandla amaningi ngosuku.
Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto amabili, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke sawo sokuqala futhi aqale impilo yokuzimela, futhi abazali bangaqala i-clutch yesibili. Ehlobo, izinyoni ezingakhathali ziyakwazi ukukhulisa amantshontsho amabili ephikweni. Izinyoni ziphila cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
