Siyazi kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuthi impungushe ingukukhohlisa okubomvu ngokubomvu, okunomsila ophephukile, isifonyo esincane kanye nomzimba omncane ovulekile. Izindlebe zakhe zibukhali futhi zimile, imilenze ayimide, inobuhle, ikhala limnyama, nejazi liwugqinsi.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-23 zezilwane ezilingana nale ncazelo, kodwa akuzona zonke ezingabhekwa njengezimpungushe, naphezu kwegama. Ngokwesibonelo, impungushe enendlebe enkulu... Ukuhluka kwayo kulele ekutheni yiyona kuphela uhlobo lohlobo emndenini wayo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi eyezinja kunezimpungushe. Yini enye Kuyathakazelisa, sizothola ndawonye.
Incazelo nezici
Igama lesayensi lomzingeli ngesiGreki lizwakala "njengenja enamalebe amakhulu enezindlebe ezinkulu". Kusuka kuso kucace ngesici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa isilwane - izindlebe. Ngaphandle, umhlaseli ubukeka njengempungushe, mncane kuphela. Umzimba cishe ungama-50-60 cm ubude, umsila ufinyelela kuma-35 cm, ukuphakama kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Kepha izindlebe ziphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-13, ububanzi ububanzi phansi, zikhombe. Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzwani ezinhlanu, eyangemuva inezine.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izindlebe zakhe ezidumile aziwona amathuluzi amahle kuphela wokungenisa umoya, njengamagundane, kodwa futhi zigcwele imithambo yegazi, okuyisisekelo sokupholisa umoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa komzimba kulawulwa.
Isilwane sinesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg. Kungaba lula kancane noma kusinde ngokuya ngesizini nokudla. Ingubo ye-fox inobude obumaphakathi, imvamisa iba nombala onesihlabathi. Kusatshalaliswe ngamachashazi amancane amathoni amnyama nokukhanya, okwenza kubukeke njengesiliva. Intamo nesisu kulula, imilenze nokuphela komsila kumnyama. "Isifihla-buso sobuhlanga" siyabonakala ebusweni - imivimbo emnyama eduze kwamehlo nasekhaleni uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda esilula. Amehlo nephuzu lekhala kumnyama njengama-currants.
Impungushe enokhozi olukhulu inezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu
Kucatshangelwa isici esilandelayo amazinyo empungushe anamalebe amakhulu... Isidliwayo somhlaba, sinesibalo esiphezulu sazo - ezingama-48, okuyi-4 okuyizimpande kuthi ezi-4 zimpande. Zincane impela, ukuluma kubuthakathaka, kepha lokhu kungenxa yemininingwane yokudla kwayo.
Izinhlobo
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukukopela kwethu kungokwemvelo ngohlobo lwayo, phakathi kwezimpungushe kusenezinhlobo ezifanayo zezindlebe.
- Oqhudelana naye omkhulu we-heroine yethu akekho ngaphansi impungushe enezindlebe ezinkulu... Yize izindlebe zakhe zibhekwa njengezikhulu kakhulu. Enganeni, ubukhulu bama-auricles bufinyelela ku-15 cm, okuyingxenye yobude bomzimba. Uthathe isifiso waya enyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika elishisayo, wathatha kancane ingxenye yeNhlonhlo YaseSinayi. UFenech naye uhlala ehlane, ngakho-ke izindlebe zakhe zisebenza njengohlobo lwabalandeli nezindawo, futhi imilenze yakhe imbozwe ngokuthembekile esihlabathini somlilo nge-sole downy.
- Impungushe yaseNingizimu Afrika - esinye isilwane esinezindlebe ezinkulu. Ihlala, njengoba kucacile, eningizimu impela yezwekazi elishisayo - kusuka eZimbabwe kuya e-Angola. Ungu-omnivorous, njengazo zonke izimpungushe, yize ekhetha ukudla okunamagazi afudumele nezithelo ezinamanzi. Inengubo yokufihla - umbala wesihlabathi, nothuli olumnyama olumnyama. Kuphela yincam yomsila nekhala ehlala emnyama.
- Impungushe yesihlabathi - ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zaseSahara Desert ne-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Izindlebe ezinkulu ezibanzi, izidladla ezimbozwe ngoboya, umsila omfushane ojiyile onomugqa omnyama wobude ebangeni lonke - lezi yizici zangaphandle. Umsila mude kangangoba ucishe udonse ngomhlabathi. Imvamisa yena uqobo "uhlanganisa imikhondo yakhe" ngemuva kwakhe. Inani elincane lasala kwa-Israyeli, futhi livikelwe ngokuqinile lapho ngumthetho ekubhujisweni.
- Impungushe yase-Afghan ayihlali e-Afrika. Wakhetha ugwadule lwenhlonhlo yase-Arabia. Isilwane sinokufana kwangaphandle nemikhuba yekati ne-feline. Unesifonyo esibanzi kunezimpungushe eziningi, futhi ikhala lakhe alide kangako. Umhlobiso oyinhloko ngomsila kanokusho, ocishe ulingane ngobude nomzimba - 40cm. Ngalobu buhle ubhekene nokuqothulwa, manje isilwane siseRed Book.
- Impungushe... Esinye isifanekiso esingesiye se-Afrika. Lesi silwane sihlala phesheya kwezilwandle ezifundeni ezomile zaseNyakatho Melika, eduze nolwandle iPacific Ocean. Izindlebe zakhe azivelanga njengalezo zezihlobo zase-Afrika, kepha zisengaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile. Isilwane sincane ngosayizi, sifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude, umsila u-30 cm, isisindo cishe esingu-2 kg.
Umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu ngokukhazimula okumpunga okufiphaziwe. Isisu siyakhanya. Idla kakhulu amagundane. Impungushe enamehlo amakhulu ivame ukuhlanganiswa ososayensi babe luhlobo olulodwa ne-corsac yaseMelika ngaphansi kwegama jikelele I-Vulpes velox - "izimpungushe ezisheshayo".
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Manje usungabona izixuku ezimbili ezinkulu zezimpungushe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, ezingahlobene. Omunye uhlala eningizimu ye-Afrika, ukusuka eZambia nase-Angola kuya eNingizimu Afrika, okwesibili - ingxenye ephumile emaphethelweni empumalanga yezwekazi, ukusuka e-Ethiopia naseningizimu yeSudan kuya eTanzania. Ukusakazeka okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nendawo okudla kuyo okuyinhloko - umuhlwa.
Ama-savanna awomile, izihlabathi kanye namatshe angamahlane - ezindaweni ezimanzi ezinjalo, izilwane zizizwa zikhululekile. Ehlobo ziyashintsha, ebusika ziba sebusuku. Lokhu kubangelwa nomsebenzi womuhlwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izimpungushe zicasha emigodini, ezihlala kuyo ngemuva kokumenyezelwa, akuvamile ukuthi zizikhiphele zona ngokwazo.
Ama-Burrows anamagumbi amaningi futhi adlula amaningi. Kulula ukudideka endaweni enjalo yokucasha, kepha ukukopela kuthola kalula umhubhe ofanele. Ubude bomgodi bufinyelela kumamitha angu-5-7. Igumbi eliyimfihlo kunazo zonke i-nursery noma igumbi lokulala. Imvamisa kuba nomoya ongcono futhi kufakwe uketshezi olomile namaqabunga. Kule "gumbi lokulala", lezi zithandani ziphumule ndawonye, zisongwe ebholeni.
Njengezimpungushe eziningi, i-heroine yethu ayithandi izinkampani ezinkulu, ikhetha kuphela ingxenye yayo yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke bahlala: ngababili noma oziqu-zintathu, kanye nezingane. Banobungane phakathi kwabo, bayadlala futhi bayakhothana. Kwabonakala ukuthi impungushe eyodwa yayivikela kanjani enye futhi yamsiza kanjani ukuba acashe engozini, akhohlisa lowo owayemlandela.
Izimpungushe ezinamalebe amakhulu zihlala emindenini
Izindawo zomndeni zingafika emashumini amakhilomitha-skwele amaningi, kuya ngobuningi beziduli zomuhlwa. Izimpungushe azimaki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke amasayithi wabanikazi abahlukahlukene ayahlangana.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kobuhle ikakhulu kuya nge lapho lempungushe ihlala khona endaweni yemvelo... Isitsha esikhulu sihlala silingana - umuhlwa, onohlobo olulodwa kuphela, iHodotermus mossambicus. Benza ingxenye yemenyu yakhe. Okunye kusakazeke phakathi kwamabhungane, izibungu, izinkumbi.
Cishe i-10% yizibankwa ezincane, amagundane, izinyoni namaqanda azo. Esinye isabelo sibalwa ngezithelo, izitshalo kanye namajikijolo. Uthola uketshezi ekudleni - izakhamizi eziningi zasogwadule zifunde ngobuciko ukuthola inani eliphansi lomswakama.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuzithela phezu komthombo wamanzi, akazincishi injabulo yokuphuza nokunciphisa uboya. Ukuthi lokhu noma lowo mkhiqizo kungakanani kwimenyu kuya ngokuthi umzingeli ukuphi okwamanje. Uma kunemizi eseduze, isela lihlasela izivini namakhabe ukuthola izithelo ezinamanzi, ngisho nezindlu zezinkukhu zamaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abaningi bethu bangafunda ikhono lempungushe enamaqabunga amakhulu okuhlafuna ukudla ngokushesha nangokuphelele. Ngenxa yenani lamazinyo nejubane lokucubungula, akukhona ukuchitha isikhathi, kuthathwe ngengxenye entsha. Umuntu ngamunye angadla kuze kufike esigidini nesigamu umuhlwa ngonyaka.
Ukulinywa komhlaba kumsizile, ngoba ezindaweni ezithuthukile, uthola izinambuzane ezizalela ezinkomeni ezifuywayo. Imvamisa uzama ukuhlala eduze kwemihlambi yezilwane ezinkulu ezinezimpondo, ngoba kunamabhungane amaningi kubulongwe bawo. Noma ngomdlandla ulandela izinkumbi zesikhonyane.
Ungakufihli iqiniso lokuthi le ngane nayo ingaba ngumkhwabanisi. Umthetho onokhahlo wasogwadule. Ithuluzi elikhulu elisetshenziswa ekuzingeleni yizindlebe ezizwelayo. Uzwa yonke imisindo kusengaphambili: kokubili okungaba yisisulu nobungozi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imvamisa lezi zimpungushe zenza ibhangqa elilodwa impilo yonke; imindeni yowesilisa nowesifazane ababili ayivamile kakhulu. Zizala kanye ngonyaka. Le nqubo iveza ukukhuthala nokusebenza ngobuhlakani komlingani, ngoba i-estrus yowesifazane ihlala usuku olungu-1 kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa kufanele ahlangane naye amahlandla amaningi ukuthola umphumela.
Ukuthwala kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwezinyanga ezi-2, ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa izigaxa ezingama-2-6. Yonke ingane esanda kuzalwa impungushe enendlebe enkulu esithombeni ibukeka kakhulu njengentshontsho kunenjana. Imvamisa akusekho izingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-4, ngakho-ke umama unezingono ezine kuphela. Kufanele udele okungadingekile.
Esithombeni, amawundlu empungushe enamaqabunga amakhulu
Uma kukhona abesifazane ababili emndenini, bobabili bayondliwa. Kancane kancane, ubaba uzinakekela kancane kancane. Uhlala nezingane lapho umama eyozingela. Amehlo emidlwane avuleka ngosuku lwesi-9, bese akhasa aphume emgodini maphakathi nesonto lesithathu. Kuze kube yizinyanga ezi-2,5, umama ubanikeza ubisi, bese kancane kancane bashintshela ekudleni kwabantu abadala. Kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani emvelweni; e-zoo, isikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14 sabonwa.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Muva nje, ama-chanterelles amahle ngokwengeziwe aqale ukugcinwa ekhaya. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lapha ukuthi lesi kuseyisilwane sasendle, ngakho ukuxhumana naso kudinga ukuqaphela. Okokuqala, udinga ukuthenga ikheji elibanzi, okumele likhiywe ebusuku nangesikhathi ungekho. Ingane inamahloni futhi iyashesha, ngokuhlwithwa kugijimela indlu yonke, kusakazeka izinto endleleni.
Ubheka izimbobo, izindawo zokukhosela, udonsa kukho konke okusendleleni, kufaka phakathi izintambo. Ngalesi sizathu, i-chanterelle ayinakushiywa yodwa. Impungushe yasendle enamaqabunga amakhulu, yize ubukhulu bayo, isilwane esikhulu. Wenza imisindo ebusuku, ngakho-ke kufanele uvumelane nayo. Esikhumbeni, udinga ukuhlomisa indawo yokulala, kuhle uma kufihliwe ekubukeni, njengomhume. Akukho okusalungiswa, isilwane sine-thermophilic kakhulu.
Izici ezinhle zifaka ukulutha, ubumnene besilwane. Zithanjisiwe kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha impungushe encane kakhulu bese uyondla ngobisi lokuzenzela, kancane kancane ushintshele ekudleni kwabantu abadala.
Ngokuzayo ungondla ukudla okujwayelekile - izinambuzane, amagundane, inyama eluhlaza, izithelo nemifino. Noma ungazama ukungeza inhlanzi, amaqanda, okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yobisi. Isilwane sizoba nezintandokazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isimo esibalulekile isitsha samanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza amavithamini, ikakhulukazi iqembu D.
Impungushe idinga ukuthola yonke imigomo, futhi ihlolwe njalo ngudokotela wezilwane. Kuhle uma unendawo eningi yemidlalo yakhe esebenzayo. Noma kunjalo, udinga ukuhamba naye izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Kunconywa ukuthi uthenge isilwane esingajwayelekile kuphela esitolo sezilwane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola isifo esiyingozi. Amarabi yisifo sempungushe.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Uyazi ukuthi kungani impungushe yabizwa Patrikeevna ezinganekwaneni? Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, inkosana yaseNovgorod uPatrikey Narimuntovich yayihlala eRussia. Wayengumuntu odidayo, onobuqili futhi enenkani. Igama lakhe selibe igama lasekhaya lalezi zimfanelo, futhi impungushe sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengesidalwa esinobuqili kakhulu, ngakho-ke yathola isidlaliso njengendlalifa yenkosana.
- Elinye ikhono elisetshenziswa yimpungushe enamaqabunga amakhulu lapho igwema ukujaha i-virtuoso ivula inqina elilodwa langaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha ngokuzumayo ukuqondiswa, kudida amathrekhi.
