Imbuzi ye-Alpine - isilwane esivamile sokuma kobisi. Ubisi lwalezi zilwane lunconyelwa ukudla kwengane. Kubhekwa njenge-allergenic encane kunenkomo. Izimbuzi ze-Alpine azithobekile, zizwana kahle nabantu nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, uhlobo lwe-Alpine lukhuliswa kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, emazweni amaningi ase-Asia, luthandwa kakhulu ngabafuyi bezimbuzi baseNyakatho Melika.
Umlando wozalo
Izazi ze-anthropologists ziyaqiniseka ukuthi isilwane sokuqala umuntu akwazi ukusifukula kwakuyimbuzi. Abantu bayihlukanise endle futhi baqala ukuyigcina isondele kubo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-12-15 edlule. Imbuzi ye-bezoar (iCapra hircus aegagrus) idlule ngempumelelo indlela yokufuya, eyachuma e-Alps, Pyrenees, nase-Asia Minor Highlands. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi silwane saba ngukhokho wazo zonke izimbuzi ezifuywayo.
Ngekhulu le-18, mhlawumbe ngaphambili, i-Alps yaba isikhungo sokuzalela izimbuzi zaseYurophu. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ngemvelo: ubuningi bamadlelo nesimo sezulu izimbuzi eziguqulwe ngaso selokhu kwavela uhlobo. Izinhlobo eziningana zobisi ziye zakhuliswa endaweni encane lapho kuhlangana khona imingcele yaseFrance, iSwitzerland neGermany. Izimpumelelo kakhulu yizimbuzi zaseFrance Alpine.
Ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zilwane emazweni kwadlala indima enkulu ekusabalaleni kohlobo lwe-Alpine. Ikhulu lama-20 laqala ngokwanda kwezintshisekelo ezimbuzini. AbaseMelika, abadala nezingane, babedinga ubisi ukuxhasa impilo yabo. Kukholakala ukuthi ubisi lwembuzi, olugayekayo kalula, kungaba ikhambi lezingane eziguliswa yisifo sofuba eChicago.
Izimbuzi ze-Alpine zinemvelo ezolile
Ngama-1900s, izilwane ezisezintabeni zazixubene nezimbuzi zaseMelika, esezinze eMelika kusukela ngesikhathi sabahlali bokuqala. Umphumela uba uhlobo olusha olubizwa nge-American Alpine Goat. Lezi zilwane ezikhiqiza kakhulu zisabambe indawo ehamba phambili ekuzalaneni kwezimbuzi zaseNyakatho Melika.
E-Alps, eSwitzerland, eJalimane, ikakhulukazi eFrance, intshisekelo yokuzalaniswa kwezimbuzi yehlile ngekhulu lama-21. Izimbuzi ze-Alpine, okwenziwe ubisi lwazo ushizi omuhle kakhulu wezimbuzi, azisadingeki. Isizathu silula: intshisekelo eBanon, Sainte-Maure, eCamembert nakwamanye ushizi wezimbuzi waseFrance yehlile. Manje isimo sesizinzile, kodwa umhlambi ophelele wezimbuzi zaseFrance Alpine wehle ngama-20%.
Incazelo nezici
Ukuvela kwezimbuzi ze-Alpine kuyefana ngezindlela eziningi nezinye izinhlobo zobisi. Inhloko iphakathi nendawo ngosayizi, isifonyo sinwetshiwe, ulayini wempumulo uqonde. Amehlo agqamile, amile okwe-alimondi, enekona elibanzi lokubuka. Izindlebe zincane, zimile, ziphapheme. Eminye imigqa yokuzalela inezimpondo ezinkulu. Isigaba sophondo siyi-oval esicwecwe, umumo ugobile, i-saber.
Inhloko isekelwa intamo ezacile. Ubude baso busikisela ukuthi isilwane singakwazi ukuqoqa kalula idlelo (utshani), sidle izihlahla, sikha amaqabunga akhula kancane kanye namagatsha ezihlahla. Intamo ihlangana kahle emahlombe nasesifubeni.
Isifuba sikhulu. Ibanga elikhulu le-intercostal liyisici sezimbuzi zobisi. Ukuhlelwa kwamahhala kwezitho zangaphakathi kufaka isandla emsebenzini wazo omkhulu. Amaphaphu nesistimu yenhliziyo kunikela nge-oksijini egazini, okusiza umzimba wembuzi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza ubisi oluningi.
Isifuba siya esifundeni esiswini esingaphakathi nesiphakathi esiswini. Isifunda se-iliac sigcwele phezulu, i-fossa elambile ikhonjiswa ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo. Akukho okuxegayo eceleni komugqa wentamo, isifuba, ingxenye yomzimba, isikhumba sinamathele emzimbeni.
Ulayini ongemuva wembuzi i-Alpine uvundlile. Ukubuna akubonakali kakhulu. Umugqa womzimba esifundeni se-sacrum ubukeka umncane. Umsila mfushane, uvame ukuphakama. Imilenze iqonde, mncane, uma ibukwa ngaphambili nangasohlangothini, zitholakala ngaphandle kokuthambekela, zibheka.
Ngaphezu kokuchaza ingaphandle, izimbuzi ze-alpine ihambelana nemingcele ethile yezinombolo.
- Izimbuzi zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-55 kg, izimbuzi zinzima - kufika ku-65 kg;
- ukuphakama kokubuna kwezimbuzi kungama-70 cm, abesilisa bakhula bafike kuma-80 cm;
- ukuphakama kwe-sacrum ezilwaneni kusuka ku-67-75 cm;
- ubude bengalo yabesilisa bufinyelela ku-22 cm, kwabesifazane kuze kufike ku-18 cm;
- ubude bomlomo ezimbuzini bungu-11 cm, kwabesilisa abadala - 16 cm;
- ibele lamabele lifinyelela ku-60-62 cm;
- okuqukethwe ubisi kufinyelela ku-3.5%;
- okuqukethwe amaprotheni obisi kufinyelela ku-3.1%;
- imbuzi inika ubisi cishe unyaka wonke, ngekhefu elifushane. Inani lezinsuku zobisi lifinyelela ku-300-310;
- Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa unikeza ubisi olungu-700-1100 kg.
- qopha isivuno sobisi nsuku zonke sidlula ama-7 kg;
- Isivuno esikhulu sobisi singatholakala embuzini eneminyaka engu-1 kuye kwengu-5, enesisindo esingama-50 kg, amasonto ama-4-6 ngemuva kokuzala amazinyane.
Umbala wezimbuzi ze-Alpine uhlukile. Isikhumba sabo asiyona i-monochromatic - ezindaweni ezinkulu eziphikisanayo ezinemibala ehlukene. Abafuyi bezimbuzi basebenzisa amagama amaningi ukuchaza isudi yembuzi:
- Umbala wepigogo, intamo emhlophe (eng. Cou blanc). Kulo mbala, isici esivelele umbala omhlophe wekota yokuqala yomzimba wembuzi. Okunye kungenzeka kube mnyama, kucishe kube mnyama. Imilenze ivame ukuba lula. Kunamabala amnyama ekhanda.
- Umbala wepigogo, intamo ebomvu (eng. Cou clair). Ikota yokuqala yomzimba enalo mbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo ngokufakwa kwamathoni aphuzi-olintshi noma ompunga.
- Intamo emnyama (English cou noir). Ukubukwa kwesibuko kwentamo emhlophe futhi elula. Ikota yokuqala yomzimba imnyama; wonke umzimba unamabala akhanyayo namnyama.
- USangou (owazalwa ngeSundgau). Umbala jikelele wesikhumba umnyama. Ukukhanya, cishe amabala amhlophe akhona ebusweni nasesiswini.
- UMotley (eng. Pied). Izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama nezikhanyayo zifakwa kuwo wonke umzimba.
- I-Chamois (i-English Camoisee). Umbala onsundu, uphenduka umugqa omnyama ngemuva. Isifonyo sihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama.
Amabala emibala ehlukene, abekwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, anganikeza inani elingapheli lokuhlukahluka. Izimbuzi zase-alpine zaseMelika zidume ngalokhu. Umbala oqinile uthathwa njengombala kuphela ongamukeleki.
Izinhlobo
Izimbuzi zaseFrance ezayiswa eMelika ngemuva kokuwela nezilwane zaseMelika zanikeza inzalo yazo izici zokuzinza ezizinzile. Abafuyi bemfuyo yaphesheya kwezilwandle bababona kanye nezimbuzi zobisi zaseFrance i-Alpine njengezinhlobo ezizimele. Abafuyi bezimbuzi baseYurophu babheka kabanzi lolu daba, bakholelwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ezinkulu ze-Alpine.
- Izimbuzi zaseFrance Alpine ziyisibonelo sohlobo, isisekelo sokuzala izinhlobo ezintsha.
- Izimbuzi ze-alpine zesiNgisi. Kusatshalaliswe eziqhingini zaseBrithani. Umbala wesikhumba umnyama futhi umhlophe, ekhanda kunemivimbo emibili ephawulekayo. Yenzelwe impilo ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.
- Izimbuzi ze-Alpine chamois. Uhlobo lwembuzi yasentabeni olukwazi ukuhlala ezimweni ezinzima. Ama-Alpine chamois awavamile. Inani labo lihlala lincipha njalo.
- Izimbuzi zaseMelika ze-Alpine zitholakala enhlanganisweni yezimbuzi zaseYurophu nezomdabu zaseNyakatho Melika.
Endaweni ngayinye, elwela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi kanye nekhwalithi yobisi, bakha inzalo yohlobo lwe-canonical Alpine nezilwane zasendaweni. Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukunikeza imiphumela emihle, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukusebenza kobisi lwezinhlamvu kuyancipha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukwakheka kofuzo lwembuzi yaseFrance Alpine kuqinile ukuze izinhlamvu ezintsha zakhiwe ngokususelwa ohlotsheni olucacile.
Utshani buthathwa njengokudla okungcono kakhulu kwezimbuzi ze-alpine.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ihlobo, idlelo ukondla izimbuzi ze-alpine Ama-80% axazulula ngokwemvelo. Ngaphandle kobuningi behlobo lohlaza (utshani, amaqabunga, amagatsha), izimbuzi zinikezwa okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe kanye nezithako zamaminerali. Ebusika, isabelo sokuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe siyanda, izilwane ngenjabulo zidla imifino. I-roughage yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezimbuzi.
Izimbuzi azithandeki maqondana nokudla. Badla amagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla ngenjabulo efanayo notshani obutsha. Izimbuzi ze-Alpine zikhetha amanzi kuphela. Abathinti umswakama odala, onamafu. Badinga amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimbuzi nezimbuzi ziyakwazi ukuzala kusenesikhathi, lapho zinezinyanga ezi-5-6 ubudala. Akufanele ugijimele ukukhwelana. Izimbuzi ziba ngabazalisi abahamba phambili ngokumboza izimbuzi zinonyaka owodwa ubudala. Inzalo enempilo kakhulu kanye nesivuno esiphezulu sobisi olulandelayo sizoba sembuzini eqala ukuchanyuselwa ineminyaka engu-1.5.
Ukuthola inzalo, izinhlobo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwezidoda zisetshenziswa: ezemvelo nezokufakelwa. Okufakelwayo kusetshenziswa emapulazini amakhulu emfuyo. Emapulazini aphakathi nendawo amancane, ukufakwa kwesidoda kwenziwa ngokuhlangana kwemvelo. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kubalulekile ukunquma ngokufanele ukulungela kwembuzi ukukhulelwa.
Ubisi lwembuzi lwe-Alpine lusetshenziselwa ukwenza ushizi obizayo
Ukugcina izilwane kwenziwa lula uma ukukhulelwa kanye nenzalo kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ezimbuzini eziningi. Ama-hormone agents (isibonelo: isisombululo se-progesterone, i-drug estrophan) asiza ukuxazulula le nkinga, akuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise ukuqala kwe-estrus.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa ngempumelelo, imbuzi izala inzalo cishe izinsuku eziyi-150. Emavikini ayi-4-6 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, isilwane siyeke ukusenga. Kuza isikhathi sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwezingane. Izilwane zinikezwa ukuphazamiseka okuncane, ukudla kuthuthukiswa ngamaminerali.
Imvamisa, imbuzi idinga usizo oluncane lapho izala. Umlimi usula usana olusanda kuzalwa, ubopha inkaba. Izici ezihlukile zezimbuzi ze-Alpine ukuzala, ziletha izinyane elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngemuva kokukhothwa ngunina zikulungele ukuwela embeleni. Okuphakelayo kokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu. IColostrum iqukethe izinto ezinomsoco nezivikela izifo.
Emapulazini obisi, izingane azishiywa eduze nonina isikhathi eside, ziyasuswa embeleni. Imbuzi esinde ekubelethweni iqala ukunikeza ubisi oluningi, okuyilokho okusetshenziswa abafuyi bemfuyo. Cishe emva kwamasonto amane, insimu yamawundlu embuzi iqala isikhathi sayo sokukhiqiza kakhulu.
Izimbuzi ze-Alpine ziguga zineminyaka eyi-12-13 ubudala. Kudala ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, ukusebenza kwabo kwehla, baba buthakathaka, amazinyo abo aphela. Izimbuzi ziya ekuhlatshweni ngaphambi kokuba zifike esikhathini esinqunyelwe. Kunzima ukuthola izilwane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-6-8 ubudala emapulazini.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa epulazini
Indlela ejwayelekile yokugcina izimbuzi ze-alpine idlelo lamadlelo. Ehlobo, izimbuzi ziyadliswa noma zikhishelwe esigodini, lapho zidla khona futhi ziphumule. Izilwane ziqeda usuku lwazo lokudla esigodini. Ebusika, isikhathi sabo esiningi basichitha emgodini ovikelekile.
Ukugcinwa kwezimbuzi ze-Alpine ngendlela yezimboni, kubandakanya ukuhlala njalo esitebeleni. Igumbi linamalambu, izifudumezi nabalandeli. Inqubo yesondlo yenziwe ngemishini futhi izenzekelayo. Imishini yokusenga, abahlinzeki bokuphakela, izinzwa zezempilo yezilwane, kanye namakhompyutha kuguqula amagceke ezinkomo abe amafektri obisi lwezimbuzi.
Isimo sezimbuzi sinomthelela ekugcineni kwetafula unyaka wonke - azinalo ulaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezisezintabeni zithanda ukunyakaza. Ukuhlala njalo etafuleni kuholela, ngokudla okunomsoco, ukukhuluphala kanye nezinguquko ku-psyche - izilwane ziba nengcindezi.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Izimbuzi ze-Alpine zazo zonke izinhlobo (isiFulentshi, isiNgisi, isiMelika) zinezinzuzo eziningi, ngenxa yazo zisakazekile.
- Inzuzo enkulu ukukhiqiza ubisi oluphakeme ngobisi lwekhwalithi ephezulu.
- Imvelaphi ye-Alpine yenza izilwane zimelane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Babekezelela kahle ubusika obuneqhwa nobusika.
- Izinga eliphakeme lokufuya ekhaya. Izimbuzi zinomusa kubanikazi bazo nakwezinye izilwane.
- Lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwezimbuzi zobisi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, abafuyi bakhetha izimbuzi ze-Alpine ngenxa yangaphandle nengumbala wazo okhangayo. Izimbuzi ze-Alpine esithombeni qinisekisa idatha yabo ephezulu yangaphandle.
Okubi kubandakanya ukusabalala okuphansi. Kepha lokhu kuyinkinga yakho konke ukuzalanisa izimbuzi eRussia. Ngokwengxenye, ihlobene nezindleko zobisi lwembuzi, oluphakeme kunobisi lwenkomo.
Ukubuyekezwa kwenyama nobisi
Iningi labantu alivamisile ukudla ubisi nenyama yezimbuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda okuphansi kwale mikhiqizo. Kunemibono engqubuzanayo, evame ukususelwa kunhlebo.
Abanye abantu, njengoba beye banambitha inyama noma ubisi lwezilwane eziphelelwe yisikhathi, bazishiya unomphela, zikushukumisela lokhu ngephunga elithile nokunambitheka okuthile. Isimo ngezimbuzi ze-alpine sihlukile. Iningi labathengi alitholi inyama emnandi nobisi hhayi nje kuphela ukuba mnandi kepha futhi kunempilo.
Umndeni ovela esifundeni saseSverdlovsk uyabhala: “Babefuye izingulube nezimvu. Kulethwe izimbuzi ze-Alpine. Ngangithanda inyama yembuzi ukwedlula iwundlu. Inyama enemicu emide, ngakho-ke lapho sipheka, siyisika ngaphezudlwana. Okumnandi kakhulu isibindi sembuzi. "
UMuscovite Olga ubika ukuthi okokuqala ezama ubisi lwembuzi noshizi eMontenegro, babengeke badunyiswe. Abantu bendawo bathi bagcina izilwane ze-Alpine, ngakho-ke ubisi lumnandi futhi lunempilo kakhulu.
Isifundo sobudokotela uMarina uthi izihlobo zakhe zinengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala ephuza ihlobo lonke alpine ubisi lwembuzi futhi wasusa i-diathesis. Nsuku zonke wayephuza inkomishi yonke futhi adle iphalishi elenziwe ngayo.
Ubisi lwembuzi lwe-Alpine lunezimfanelo ezinhle zokudla okunempilo - lokhu kungumphumela wamakhulu eminyaka wokukhetha. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwe-amino acid, kuseduze nobisi lomuntu, ubisi lukamama. Imvamisa isebenza njengomkhiqizo wokwelapha wemvelo kanye nesisekelo sokudla kwezingane.
Intengo
Kunamapulazi ohlanga lozalo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane. Lawa mapulazi ayindawo engcono yokuthenga izingane ze-Alpine ukuze zizale ngokuqhubekayo. Lapho uthenga imbuzi ye-alpine yobisi, umbuzo wentengo nokukhetha okulungile kuza kuqala. Intengo yezimbuzi, izimbuzi namazinyane azalelwa abazali abahloniphekile ihlale ibalulekile. Ukukhetha kudinga ikhono elithile.
Ezimbuzini ezincane, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela umkhiqizo wazo ngokuhlolwa kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, i-biography, imvelaphi yengane ngayinye iba yinto yokunquma. Izinkampani ezibhekele imfuyo ezinakekelayo zigcina izincwadi zemihlambi futhi zinikeza abathengi ngayo yonke imininingwane abayidingayo. Umphumela wezomnotho wokuthola imbuzi yobisi egcwele kahle uza ngemuva kokuba ikhulile. Isilwane esizalwe kakhulu sikhiqiza okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 kunesilwane esingaziwa ngemvelaphi yaso.
Izingane ze-Alpine azithengiswa kuphela ngamapulazi ohlanga, kodwa futhi nangabalimi, okungekho stock encane kubo, kepha kungumphumela wemvelo wokugcina umhlambi wezimbuzi zobisi. Kulokhu, kufanele ufunde izibuyekezo mayelana nomthengisi nomkhiqizo wakhe. Imakethe enkulu yi-Intanethi, amasayithi ahlukanisiwe. Amanani entengo yezilwane ezisencane asukela ku-5-6 kuye kumashumi ezinkulungwane zama-ruble.
Indaba yokuhweba akuyona nje kuphela inzalo yozalo, kodwa futhi nemikhiqizo izimbuzi ezifuyelwa yona. Ezitolo ezithengisa ungathola ubisi lwembuzi, lubiza kakhulu kunobisi lwenkomo, lubiza cishe ama-ruble ayikhulu. ngamalitha angu-0.5. Ukuba wohlobo oluthile akuboniswa emikhiqizweni, ngakho-ke kunzima kumuntu ohlala edolobheni ukuthi abone inzuzo enkulu yezimbuzi ze-Alpine.
