Umndeni wesikhova uhlukaniswa ngokufanele njengesizwe esinezimpaphe, esidala kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Njengamanje, izinyoni zihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, azikho e-Antarctica kuphela. Konke izinhlobo zezikhova ziyehluka ngezici ezijwayelekile zokwakheka ezibahlukanisa nezidalwa ezinamaphiko.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu ikhono lesikhova lokuzungezisa ikhanda laso lingu-270 °. Amehlo amakhulu ayindilinga abheka phambili ngqo, abone umhlaba kuphela kumnyama nokumhlophe. Isikhova sibona kahle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, umfundi akaguquki nje kuphela ekushintsheni kokukhanyisa, kodwa nasekuguqukeni nasekuhogelweni kwale nyoni.
Umbala wokufihla wezimpaphe onemigqa nemivimbo uhambisana nezwe elizungezile, elinikela kumakhono wokuzingela. Ngokundiza okusheshayo, izikhova zithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h.
Esikhathini esedlule, izinyoni zasendulo zaziphiwe izakhiwo eziyimfihlakalo, zazesaba ukuhlangana nazo, ngokusobala ngenxa yokuthi izikhova zizwa umhlaba ngobuqili ngokumangazayo, futhi ukubuka kwazo kunokuqonda okukhethekile. Izikhova ziphila iminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengu-15, kodwa abanye abantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu bagubha iminyaka engama-20 bekhumbula.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezikhova zinkulu kakhulu, kepha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuziphambanisa nezinye izinyoni.
Umndeni wesikhova ufaka:
- izikhova zangempela, noma iStriginae;
- umndeni omncane Аsiоninae;
- umndeni omncane weSurniinae.
Bala, zingaki izinhlobo zezikhova uhlala emhlabeni, wazama kaningi. Ama-ornithologists achaze ngokwesayensi izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, eziyi-17 zazo ezitholakala eRussia.
Phakathi kwezikhova zangempela, ezidume kakhulu yilezi:
Scoops. Ukuzifihla okuhle esihlahleni, ukwakheka okuminyene kubenza bangahlukaniseki phakathi kweziqu, uma amehlo enyoni evaliwe. Izinhlobo ezincane zezikhova isakazeke ngobukhulu beYurophu, i-Asia, neMelika. Izici ezihlukile zivezwa ngediski yobuso engaphelele, izimpaphe eziphakeme "izindlebe", iminwe kuma-bristles aqinile.
ERussia, i-scops owl yaziwa kahle, inyoni enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, engu-20-25 cm ubude, enezimpaphe zemibala e-grey-brown enamabala amhlophe namnyama. Izwi lale nyoni, elicula kamnandi, elizwakala ngezikhathi ezithile "sleep-at-y" linikeze igama lohlobo. Bahola impilo yokufuduka noma yokuhlala phansi, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Amabhu afudukayo asebusika ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika.
Lalela izwi lesikhova se-scops
Izinhlobo ezincane zezikhova ziyasebenza ekuseni kakhulu.
Isikhova. Abazingeli abakhulu basebusuku abaphuthelwa ithuba lokuba matasa befuna inyamazane esekuhwalala. Olimini lwakudala lwesiRashiya, izinyoni kwakhulunywa ngazo njengezilwane ezingasweli. Indiza ithule du, ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sophaphe. Izinyoni zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izikhova zasehlathini, ukukhala kwazo kuvame ukudideka nokukhala kwesikhova.
Lalela ukukhala kwesikhova
Ntambama, kuyaqabukela uhlangane nesikhova esi-tawny, uma kuphela izinyoni ezincane eziphazamisa ukuphumula kwesikhova, sikwenze ukuba siphume kude nokukhala kwaso nokukhala kwaso.
Emahlathini ezindawo ezisenyakatho, kunesikhova esikhulu esimpunga esinekhanda elikhulu, i-disc ebusweni. Amasongo amnyama azungeze amehlo amancane aphuzi abizwa ngokuthi izibuko zenyoni. Izimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga, ukhololo omhlophe entanyeni, indawo emnyama ngaphansi komlomo, efana nentshebe, inika le nyoni ukubukeka kwezicukuthwane.
Izikhova. Abamele abakhulu bomndeni wesikhova bahlukaniswa ngumzimba omise umgqomo, izimpaphe ezikhululekile ze-ocher shades, kanye nezimpaphe zezimpaphe zezindlebe. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-36 - 75. AmaHares, amaxhama amancane, ama-pheasants aba yisisulu. Ukubona okuhle kakhulu nosizo lokuzwa ekuzingeleni.
Zijwayela ama-biotop ahlukene anesisetshenziswa esihle sokudla, izindawo zokuhlalisa ezifihlekile, kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ngaphakathi kwedolobha. Izikhova zokhozi zibonakala ngokuhlala phansi. Emndenini wabo, bangabanikazi bokuqoshwa kwempilo ende.
Izinhlobo zezikhova eziyi-19 zihlukile endaweni yazo ngokhetho lokudla, izithunzi zezimpaphe, isisindo somzimba, ubukhulu.
Izikhova ziyimfihlo kakhulu, ngakho-ke zizwakala kaningi kunokubonwayo.
Isikhova Esimhlophe (esimhlophe). Ngokungafani namalungu amaningi omndeni, izimpaphe zokufihla le nyoni zimhlophe zinemigqa emnyama, ngoba umhlaseli uhlala endaweni eneqhwa elimhlophe njengeqhwa. Izikhova ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile, umlomo omnyama.
Izinhlobo zezikhova ezimhlophe kufakwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zizulazula, zinamathele ezindaweni ezivulekile. Izinyoni zizingela ekuseni ngovivi nokuhwalala, ulwelwesi luhamba phambili ekudleni, kepha isikhova singakwazi ukubhekana nonogwaja, intendele, namadili ezinhlanzi. Isikhova esineqhwa sibamba isisulu saso, sigwinye izilwane ezincane siphelele, bese sihudulela izilwane ezinkulu endaweni yokukhosela izidumbu.
Isikhova esimhlophe esineqhwa sithathwa njengesinye sezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezikhova.
Izikhova ze-Neotropical. Bahlala emazwekazini aseMelika. Izinyoni ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45. Zihlala emihlangeni, ema-savanna, emasimini ekhofi, eduze nemithombo yamanzi amasha. Zikhetha izindawo eziphansi.
Izikhova ezibukekayo zeNootropic zithola igama lazo emashiyeni amhlophe nasemigqeni ehlukanisa amehlo nezihlathi kusizinda esimnyama sezimpaphe. Inhlanganisela eqhathanisa yakha uhlobo lwezibuko. Ikhanda eliyindilinga ngaphandle kwezimpaphe zendlebe.
Umbala ogqamile unsundu ngemibala ehlukahlukene, isisu sinombala ophuzi ongcolile. Entanyeni kukhona uhhafu wekhola omhlophe onamachashazi amnyama esilevini. Izisulu akuzona nje kuphela amagundane amancane, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezinesisindo esidlula isisindo somzingeli onezimpaphe - ama-opossum, ama-skunks.
Isikhova seBarn. Amagama ezinhlobo ze-Owl afaka phakathi uhlobo lwesikhumba sezikhova, isici saso esivezwa nge-disc yobuso be-cordate. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-35-40. Izici ezijwayelekile - umbala obomvu wezimpaphe onemigqa, ukuhlelwa okungalingani kokuvuleka kwezindlebe.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu angaba sezingeni lesiphongo, okwesibili ezingeni lamakhala. Ukuzwa ezinyoni kunzima, kuphakeme kakhulu kunekati. Izikhova zeBarn zihlala emazwenikazi amaningi, ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica.
Izikhova zezinhlanzi. Bahlala eduzane nemifula, lapho badla khona inhlanzi enkulu ebanjiwe, isisindo sayo esivame ukufana nesenyoni edla inyama. Izikhova zibamba i-catfish, i-salmon, i-burbot, i-pike, i-trout. Kunezipikili ezincane ezibukhali ezinqeni zezinyoni zokubamba inhlanzi eshelelayo. Izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela kusihlwa nasebusuku, zifuna inyamazane emagatsheni alenga phezu kwamanzi.
Izinhlobo ezingavamile zezikhova zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhlelwa kogu lolwandle kunciphisa izinyoni indawo yazo yokuhlala ejwayelekile. Le ndawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa izindawo zasePrimorye, ePriamurye, osebeni lomfula eManchuria, eJapan.
Izikhova zezinhlanzi. Zimelela uhlobo lwezinyoni ezinkulu, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-60-70 cm, kanti isisindo sifinyelela ku-4 kg. Abamele abahlaba umxhwele babonakala ngomzimba omkhulu, amaphiko amade, "izindlebe" ezinkulu ezinophaphe. Izimpaphe zinsundu ngokumpunga, zinemigqa emnyama.
ERussia, izinyoni zingatholakala eziQhingini zaseKuril, eSakhalin. Izikhukhula zemifula ecebile ngezinhlanzi yizindawo eziyintandokazi kubazingeli abanezimpaphe. Ebusika, zondla ezindaweni ezingabandi kakhulu. Izinhlobo zezikhova esithombeni, ezenziwe emachibini, kaningi, zimelelwa izikhova zezinhlanzi.
Izikhova zezinhlanzi zinezipikili ezijiyile ezinzwaneni zazo, okukuvumela ukuba ubambe izinhlanzi ngokuqinile
Ama-scoops anobuso obumhlophe. Izakhamizi zamazwe ase-Afrika, iCongo, i-Ethiopia, iCameroon - endaweni esukela enkabazwe iya ogwadule iSahara. Izimpaphe zobuso ezikhanyayo ezibhekene nesizinda sombala ompunga wokuzivikela womzimba zanikeza igama kuhlobo lwe-avian. Kuhlala izihlahla ze-acacia, ama-shrub savanna, lapho ethola khona ukudla okwenziwe yizinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, amagundane amancane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezinyoni ezincane. Ukuzingela ekuqamekeleni.
Ama-scoops abhekene nabamhlophe abizwa ngokuthi ama-transformer ngokwazi kwabo ukukhulisa kakhulu, ukunciphisa usayizi womzimba. Ukubukeka kwesikhova kuyehluka kuya ngosayizi wesitha. Indawo yokulwa phambi kwesilwane esincane ivezwa esimweni esinomoya onamaphiko asakazekile. Phambi kwesilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye, isikhova siyashwabana, kube sengathi siphendukelana sibe ngamaphiko, sivale amehlo aso - siba esihlukanisweni phakathi kwamagatsha, sakhe uhlobo lwegatsha.
Izikhova zibona kuphela okuphambi kwamehlo azo, amehlo azo awakwazi ukunyakazisa emasokeni, kepha lokhu kunxeshezelwa ukuhamba kwekhanda
I-Cuba scoop. Inyoni encane ehlala esiqhingini saseCuba. Ubude bomzimba obungu-22 cm, ikhanda elincane, imilenze emide engenampaphe. Izindawo eziyintandokazi yizintaba ezinamadwala, imicenge emadwaleni. Izidleke zezikhova zitholakala emigodini yezihlahla, imifantu emigedeni. Ibonisa umsebenzi wasebusuku, izingela izinyoni ezincane, izinambuzane.
I-Western American scoop. Le nyoni ihlala emahlathini acinene futhi axubekile. Ubude bomzimba bungu-15 cm kuphela, isisindo senyoni esikhulile asikho ngaphezu kwama-65 g.Izimpaphe zokuvikela amathoni ansundu ansundu ezinemigqa eminingi eyahlukene. Isici esihlukile sibonakala ezindaweni ezibomvu zomlilo ezinamaphiko naku-disc ebusweni. Uhola impilo yokufuduka. Ubusika eningizimu yeTexas, eCalifornia.
Isikhova esikhulu esimpunga. Uhlala emathafeni, emahlathini aseMexico, eCosta Rica. Le nyoni yaqanjwa igama ngenxa yamashiya ayo alula anwebele ezintanjeni eziphakeme ezivela ezixukwini zezimpaphe ezimhlophe, umugqa ojwayelekile ofana "nezimpondo".
Umbala wezimpaphe unombala onsundu ngokusiba namabala ahlukile kanye nemivimbo efana nezikhova zonke. Izimpaphe kuze kube phansi kwezinzwane. Amazwi ezinyoni afana nokukhala, izingcingo zizwakala ngezikhathi zemizuzwana emi-5-10.
Ukukhathazeka kwale nyoni kuvezwa ngokunweba umzimba, okwenza isikhova sibonakale njengegatsha elijiyile. Ukudla kwezinyoni kwakhiwa ngamabhungane ahlukahlukene, amacimbi, nama-vertebrate amancane.
Umndeni omncane u-Аsiоninae umelwe yizikhova ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo:
Izikhova ezinamalebe amade. Elinye igama eliqondile izikhozi zokhozi ezincanyana ngokufana kwazo kwangaphandle nezihlobo ezinkulu - idiski yobuso ecacile, amehlo aphuzi ngokusawolintshi, izimbobo ezinkulu zezindlebe. Imilenze imbozwe izimpaphe kuzipho. Isici esiyinhloko sezinyoni ezihlekisayo uphaphe "izindlebe" eziheha ukunakwa.
Ubukhulu bezilwane ezidla izinyoni ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-80-90. Umbala umbala onsundu ngokumpunga, kepha isisu sihlala simhlophe. Izinhlobo zezikhova ezinamalebe isakazeke ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia. Izinyoni zikhangwa amahlathi aminyene e-coniferous. Bachitha ubusika eningizimu yeChina, eCrimea, eNyakatho Afrika naseCaucasus. Uma izimo zivuma, uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi.
I-Jamaican scoop (enemigqa). Izinyoni ezincane ezingama-28-35 cm ubude zivame esiqhingini saseJamaica. Izimpaphe ezinombala obomvu, imivimbo yomlingiswa ophawuliwe. Ekudleni kwamaxoxo, izinambuzane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane.
USolomoni eared owl... Kugcwele eSolomon Islands. Uhlala emahlathini axubekile. Isikhova sobukhulu obumaphakathi, sinekhanda eliyindilinga ngaphandle "kwezindlebe". Umbala onsundu ngokubomvu uhambisana nemivimbo emnyama. Idiski yobuso iyimpunga, inezimpawu zokukhohlisa esiphongweni nasezihlathini. Ukudla kubuswa ama-ossum. Ukukhala kwenyoni kuyaphawuleka, inqobo nje uma umuntu ebubula.
Izikhova zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu
Isikhova soKlebe. Ukuziphatha kwendiza kufana noKlebe, kanti isikhova sivame ukudideka. Isilinganiso sobude benyoni singamasentimitha angama-35-42. Izimpaphe, njengezinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene, zinsundu ezinemigqa emhlophe, kepha ngemuva kwentamo kunephethini elimnyama le-angular. Bahlala emahlathini amancane noma ahlanganisiwe ase-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika. Uklebe Izinhlobo zezinyoni zesikhova bangabazingeli nsuku zonke, i.e. kusebenza kokubili ebusuku nangesikhathi sasemini.
Izikhova ezinonyawo. ERussia, le nyoni itholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, abantu abaningi bagxile ehlathini lesiqhingi se-hemisphere esempumalanga. Igama linikezwa ngamabhulashi abukhali eminweni yezinyoni. Idiski yobuso ayivezwa kahle, azikho "izindlebe", umsila nezimpiko zinde. Ngokomthethosisekelo, le nyoni ifana nokhokho.
Indiza iyashesha, iyahamba, ikuvumela ukuba uzingele ngendiza. Ekubambeni inyamazane, izikhova zibonisa amakhono okundiza - ukujika okubukhali, ukudilika, ukuphuma okuqondile. Izikhova ziveza ubukhona bazo ngokukhala okuthile, okwathi ngakho abantu base-Adyghe babiza izikhova ngokuthi "uhti-uhti".
Izikhova zinesakhiwo esithandekayo sezidladla, izinzwane ezimbili zibheke phambili nezinzwane ezimbili emuva, okukuvumela ukuba ubambe amagatsha ngokuqinile
Izikhova. Izinyoni ezincane ezinezimpaphe eziminyene, ikhanda elibanzi. Izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokuhlakazeka kwamabala amhlophe, avame ukutholakala esiswini. Ukubukeka kwesikhova kuyahlaba, kuyethusa. Mhlawumbe lesi sici saba yisizathu sezinganekwane ezimnyama ezihambisana nokubonakala kwesikhova. Amashwa, ukulahleka, imililo kwakubangelwa kuye.
Izikhova zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, izinyoni zingabonakala emithambekeni yezintaba, izikhova zivame ukuvela eduze nezindawo zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni. Bahlala impilo yokuhlala phansi, bayasebenza ebumnyameni. Ukubona nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, ukuhamba ngendiza buthule kukuvumela ukuba uzingele ngempumelelo. Uma kunengozi, izikhova ziziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile - ziqala ukujikisa nokukhothama.
Izikhova zondlunkulu. Izinyoni zincane ngosayizi, zinamaphiko amafushane, ubude baso bungamasentimitha angama-40 kuphela.Zihlukaniswa ngomsila omude, ukukhula okuntekenteke kwe-disc ebusweni. Ikhanda eliyindilinga ngaphandle "kwezindlebe" zesici, amehlo amancane anamashiya amafushane amhlophe. Izimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga, kwesinye isikhathi zibe nsundu nezimpawu ezimhlophe njengeqhwa ezimpikweni.
Izimpaphe zimboza imilenze kuzipho uqobo lwazo. Izingela imini nobusuku. Uthanda ukwenza izinqolobane ezincane emigodini, lapho izikhumba nezimpaphe zezilwane zishiya khona. Izikhova ezincane zibamba izinyoni ezincane kubaphakeli bokuzenzela, zilinde ziqamekele. Izikhova ezidlulayo zisabalele eYurophu nase-Asia.
Izikhova zase-Upland. Inyoni encane yokwakheka enekhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga. Impaphe eminyene eminweni ihlukanisa izinyoni ezihlotsheni zazo. Izimpaphe ezikhululekile zandisa umthamo weqiniso wezikhova. Umhlane onsundu, ikhanda namaphiko kumbozwe ngamabala amakhulu amhlophe. Lesi sici sibonakala ku-asymmetry yokuvuleka kwezindlebe.
Inani lezikhova liningi, kepha kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukuhlangana nenyoni ezilwaneni zasendle. Ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo, indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, amahlathi we-taiga anika umhlaseli imfihlakalo ekhethekile. Uma kwenzeka kunomhlangano ongalindelekile, izikhova zigxila futhi ziqhume uqhwaku lwazo ngokuhlekisa.
Isikhova sasehlathini. Izethulo uhlobo lwesikhova esingavamile, okwathi okwesikhathi esithile kubhekwa njengokunyamalala. Kutholakala emahlathini aminyene eCentral India. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni bungamasentimitha angama-23 kuphela, isisindo cishe siyi-120 g.Ihlukile emakhazeni anombala omnyama, amabala amancane okukhanya.
Kukhona ukhololo omhlophe entanyeni. Inhloko enkulu yesikhova esine-disc ebusweni ekhanyayo. Izinyawo eziphansi zinamandla anele. Ngokungafani nabantu abaningi abahlobene, ithanda amahlathi aminyene ukuvula izindawo.
I-owl elf. Isikhova esincane - ubude bomzimba bungu-12-13 cm kuphela, isisindo esingu-45 g. Amehlo aphuzi akhanyayo agqama ngasemuva kwezimpaphe ezinsundu, ezibuka umhlaba ngokucacile, sengathi zimangele kancane. Imvuthu idla kaningi ezinambuzaneni, izicabucabu, ofezela. Igundane noma isibankwa kungumkhosi omkhulu kubo. Ngenxa yomlomo wazo obuthakathaka, izikhova azikwazi ukuzakhela ngokwazo isidleke, zihlala emigodini eshiywe ngabezinkuni, futhi zihlala nase-cacti enkulu, eduze kwameva izidalwa ezingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.
Isikhova esincane. Usayizi wenyoni mncane kunomuntu odlulayo. Lezi zinhlobo zivamile eYurophu, e-South Asia naseRussia. Bahlala ezifundeni ezinamathafa, bakha izidleke phakathi kwezinguzunga zamatshe, emigodini eshiywe phansi, ophahleni lwezakhiwo ezindala.
Abathandi bezinyoni bavame ukuphupha ngokuba nesikhova njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ukugcinwa kwesilwane esinamaphiko samahhala kudinga izimo ezikhethekile. Izinhlobo zezikhova ezifuywayo kufaka phakathi izikhova ezingathobekile, ezinokulinganisela, izikhova, izikhova zesibaya. Isikhova esidala, isikhova esinezindlebe ezinde sikulungele ukugcinwa endlini. Uma kuthengwa iphuphu elincane, khona-ke kuzoba lula ukuvumelanisa isilwane nezimo zokuthunjwa.
Indoda ibilokhu ikhombisa intshisekelo kuzikhova, ayizange ihlale ingenandaba nokubukeka kwazo, hlala. Abanye babona usongo, abanye uphawu oluhle, kepha bahlala bakholelwa ukuthi isikhova sibona okungaphezu komuntu ojwayelekile.
