I-Demodectic mange ezinjeni - ukulimala kwesilwane ngama-Demodex ama-parasite izibungu. Bangaba khona ngobuningi obulinganiselwe ezilwaneni ezinempilo impela. Kodwa ngokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba, inani lezinambuzane eziphazamisayo liyanda, isifo sobucayi obuhlukahlukene sivela.
Incazelo kanye nezici zesifo
Odokotela bezilwane bekhulu le-19 babhekise kwi-demodicosis njengendlela ekhethekile yotwayi. I-causative agent yalesi sifo yahlonzwa ngo-1841, ngo-1843 uhlobo lomkhaza lweDemodex lwafakwa ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, emndenini wemikhaza yensimbi.
Njengamanje, sekuhlonziwe okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-143 zemikhaza eyisimungulu ezikhethe izilwane ezahlukahlukene ukuba zibe yizihambi. Uhlobo ngalunye lweDemodex lubhekiswe kumphathi othize futhi alunakudluliswa, ngokwesibonelo, ukusuka ekatini kuya enjeni noma okuphambene nalokho.
Isifo se-canine se-Demodectic isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kuwo wonke amazwe. Ezinja, kwenzeka ngesimo sokuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye ne-hyperkeratosis. Imbangela ye-demodicosis imikhaza ye-thrombidiform Demodex canis. Okungajwayelekile, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezithinta izinja ziyakhonjwa - iDemodex injai, ehlala ngemuva ngesimo se-seborrhea, neDemodex cornei, etholakala endaweni yesikhumba.
Izibungu ze-demodex zabantu abadala zingama-arachnids ngosayizi ongu-0.3-0.4 mm. Banomzimba ovundlile, ovulekile futhi ngazimbili zemilenze ebekwe ngaphambi komzimba. Zihlala ezinhlakeni zezinwele, lapho zondla khona ngamaseli we-epithelial.
Njengoba zisesimweni sangaphandle, izinambuzane eziyizidalwa ezifayo ngokushesha ziyafa. Umjikelezo wonke wokuphila ungadlula kuphela emzimbeni wenja. Bangaki abantu ngabanye abakhona akucaci, kepha izigaba zokukhula zisuka eqandeni ziye kwimago (isinambuzane esidala) umkhaza udlula ezinsukwini ezingama-24-30. Izinwele zezinwele akuzona ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala lezi zinambuzane. Zitholakala kuma-lymph node, izindlala, kanye nezitho zangaphakathi.
Izinhlobo zesifo
Hlukanisa 2 izinhlobo ze-canine demodicosis:
- Kulula, okwasendaweni noma okwasendaweni.
Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwezindawo ezinqunyelwe zesikhumba ezithintekile yilesi sifo (ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezingu-5).
- Okujwayelekile noma okwenziwe ngokubanzi.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lutholakala lapho kuthinteka izindawo zesikhumba eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu futhi noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ilimele ngokuphelele. Ifomu elijwayelekile elithinta inja endala alelapheki kancane. Ngemuva kokululama, amathuba okubuyela emuva aphezulu.
Ifomu lasendaweni livame ukukhula ezilwaneni ezisencane. Kuthinta abesilisa kanye namaqhuqhuva azo zonke izinhlobo ngokulingana. Lesi sifo asinawo umthelela omkhulu esimweni esijwayelekile sesilwane, sinqunyelwe ekuguqulweni kwesikhumba esinoboya nesikhumba.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (izinyanga ezingama-2-4), izimpawu zesifo ziyanyamalala noma ngabe akukho ukwelashwa. Ukubonakaliswa kwendawo yesikhashana esifushane kwe-demodicosis, kaningi, kuyindlela yokusabela ekucindezelekeni noma kwezinye izinto ezinciphisa ukuzivikela kwenja.
Isimo sendawo sesifo siqala ukuzibonakalisa njengokuncipha kwezinwele ezizungeze amajwabu amehlo - kuqala i-demodicosis yamehlo ezinjeni. Unqenqema oluzungeze izindebe zesilwane luyanyamalala. Emilenzeni yangaphambili, kuvela izindawo ezifana nesembozo soboya obushaywe amabhu. Zingu-10% kuphela izilwane ezithelelekile ezingakwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo - i-acariasis iba yinto ejwayelekile.
Isimo esijwayelekile sesifo singenzeka ngaphandle kokuya esigabeni sezinqubo zasendaweni. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yenja, ifomu elejwayelekile lihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Uhlobo lwentsha - lusho izinja ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Isibikezelo sokwelapha siyathandeka. Iningi lezinja liyaziphilisa ngokwalo ngaphandle kwemithi.
- Uhlobo lwabantu abadala - lubhekisa ezimweni zokugula ezinjeni ezindala. I-Demodecosis ihambisana nezinguquko zesifo ezivele emzimbeni: umdlavuza, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ubuthi bezidakamizwa, njalonjalo.
Ukuvela kwe-acariasis esemncane kukhombisa ukuthambekela kofuzo kwesilwane esithile kulesi sifo. Ngokufuywa kwezinja okulawulwayo, leso silwane sithenwa, senziwe inzalo ukucindezela isimo sefa ku-demodicosis. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa amathuba okuba nenzalo, ezogula nge-parasitosis ethwalwa imikhaza.
Ngendlela ejwayelekile yesifo, kwenzeka umbuthano ovaliwe, ononya. Amasosha omzimba esilwane awasebenzi kahle. Imikhaza engahlangabezani nokumelana nomzimba iqala ukwanda, ukuphakela ngenkuthalo, nokukhulula ubuthi obuningi.
Umzimba wesilwane esisingethe wenziwa buthakathaka. Izibungu eziphazamisayo ziqala ukungena egazini futhi zithinte izitho zangaphakathi zenja. Amasosha omzimba asephelile. Imikhaza ehlangabezana nokuncipha kokuphindaphindeka iphindaphindeka ngokwengeziwe. Ekugcineni, i-cachexia iyangena bese inja iyafa.
Inja izala ngokuthambekela kwesifo
Kwakungekho mehluko wobulili ekuthambekeni kwezinja kwi-demodicosis. Ama-bitches nabesilisa bagula ngemvamisa efanayo. Ubusika buba cishe isigamu (47%) sawo wonke amacala okuqala kwe-demodicosis, izinja ezingama-41% ziyagula entwasahlobo, i-8% ehlobo, ne-4% ekwindla.
Odokotela bezilwane abavela emazweni ahlukene benze ukubonwa okuningi ngokusabalala kwe-acariasis phakathi kwezilwane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kwavela ukuthi izinja ezingama-mongrel zigula kaningi kunezinja zozalo.
Izinja ezinezinwele ezimfishane zenza iziguli ezingama-60% zemitholampilo yezilwane ezine-demodicosis. Izinwele ezinde - 40%. Lokhu akuhlotshaniswa nobude bezinwele, kepha nokuthuthuka okungcono kwezindlala ezi-sebaceous ezinhlotsheni ezinezinwele ezimfishane.
Odokotela baseDresden Veterinary Clinic bahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ngokwezinga lokuthambekela ku-acariasis. I-Fox Terriers, ama-Rottweilers, ama-Miniature Pinscher aqala uhlu. Qedela - ama-schnauzers, airedale terriers, mastiffs.
Odokotela bezilwane baseRussia banikeza imininingwane efanayo: Ama-Rottweiler maningi amathuba okuthi agule, angavamile ama-bulldogs nama-mastiffs. Akukho kungabaza ngeqiniso elilodwa: izinja zithambekele kulesi sifo, kuzalo lwazo kwakukhona izilwane ezazithola i-demodicosis.
Izimpawu
Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu zangaphandle ngezindlela ezilula nezijwayelekile zesifo ziyafana. I-Demodectic mange ezinjeni esithombeni ibonakala njenge-alopecia. Izindawo ezithintekile zincishwa izinwele: maphakathi ngokuphelele, ngokwengxenye yokugxila. Izinwele ezisele zifushane futhi ziyaqhekeka. Ama-flakes esikhumba, aphenduka abe bomvu, abe yi-bumpy, ama-comedones akhiwa.
Ngohlobo olujwayelekile lwesifo, uphawu lubonakala ebugqineni besikhumba. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukutheleleka okuhambisanayo - i-pyodemodecose. I-Pyoderma ingaba ngesimo se-folliculitis noma i-furunculosis. I-pyoderma ejulile ingahle ihambisane ne-septicemia.
Ama-terriers, ikakhulukazi ama-fox terriers, kungenzeka angabi nokulahleka kwezinwele ezindaweni ezithintekile. Esikhundleni salokho, isikhumba nejazi kuba ngamafutha. Ezinye izimpawu azihlukile kulezo ezinye izinhlobo.
Ngaphezu kokuvela komonakalo wendawo, okulandelayo izigaba ze-demodicosis ezinjeni kunezinguquko ezijwayelekile eboyeni nasesikhunjeni. Uboya bufafazwa ngezikali ze-epidermis, buyaqaqeka, bufiphale, izinwele ziyawa.
Ukwehlulwa kwezidladla kuvame ukuhlukaniswa njengenqubo ezimele futhi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-pododemodecosis. Inja iqala ukuxhuga: isikhumba seminwe siyahlupheka, kuvele ama-fistula. Isifo esenziwe ngezidladla zesilwane aselapheki kancane kunenqubo yezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ubunzima bokusungula ukuxilongwa kaningi abuveli. Kumininingwane ye-anamnesis nesithombe somtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory kunamathiselwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kususwa kwenziwa, lapho bezama ukuthola izinambuzane ezifile noma eziphilayo. Lapho kusungulwa ukuxilongwa, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-demodicosis ezifweni ezifanayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukhwekhwe lwendlebe ezinjeni. Itholakale endaweni yezilwane, okuhlukile kwe-demodicosis.
- I-mange yesarcoptic ezinjeni. Kubonakala ngokushaywa okunzima. I-mite Sarcoptes canis, edala lesi sifo, yehlukile ngesimo kusuka ku-Demodexa canis.
- Amakhwekhwe ekhanda ezidla inyama. Umenzeli walesi sifo, uNotoedres cati, unomzimba oyindilinga. Amapapu nama-vesicles avela ngamakhanda ekhanda akuzona izici ze-demodicosis.
- I-Microsporia ne-trichophytosis. Lesi sifo sefungal sinezilonda zesici sejazi.
- I-Dystrophy, ukusabela okweqile kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo kunezimpawu ezithile ze-acariasis: ukulahleka kwezinwele, izilonda zesikhumba. Isithombe esivamile sibavumela ukuba bahlukaniswe ne-demodicosis.
Njengoba ululama izimpawu ze-demodicosis ezinjeni aqale ukufiphala. Inani lama-flakes esikhumba esikhishwe liyancipha. Izinwele ziyayeka ukuwa, isimo esivamile sekhava siyathuthuka, ijazi liqala ukukhanya, izindawo ezinezinwele ezilahlekile zigcwele.
Izindawo ezithintekile zesikhumba zihlukaniswe ngendlela yesikhumba esomile. Enja etholakele, izindawo lapho izinwele ziphume khona zigcwele izinwele ezinyene, isikhumba ngaphansi kwaso sibukeka sibomvana, siphaphathekile, siphilile. Zonke izinkomba zobunxele azisekho.
Izindlela zokutheleleka
Ibhantshi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lide kangakanani, livimbela imikhaza yama-parasite ekuhambeni isuka kwesinye isilwane iye kwesinye. Imidlwane ayinaso isembozo esinjalo isencane. Unondindwa unezinwele ezimbalwa kakhulu endaweni yengono. Ngakho-ke, kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, imidlwane inethuba lokuthola izibungu zeDemodex kunina ngesikhathi sokudla.
I-Demodectic mange ezinjeni iyathathelanakodwa amathuba okutheleleka enjeni yabantu abadala awekho phezulu. Ukufuduka kwemikhaza, ukuthintana okusondele kufanele kwenzeke phakathi kwezitho zomzimba ezingenazinwele. Lokho akuvamile ukwenzeka empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ukwelashwa
Ngefomu lendawo ukwelashwa kwe-demodicosis ezinjeni ayidingi ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa. Kwanele ukugeza inja nge-shampoo, ngokufaka i-benzoyl peroxide, nokwandisa ingxenye yamavithamini ekudleni kwesilwane.
Ifomu elejwayelekile livame ukwenzeka ngemuva kwesifo. Imizamo eyinhloko iqondiswe ekususeni isifo esiyisisekelo esidale ukwehluleka komzimba ekungeneni kwenja.
Izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-demodicosis ezinjeni:
- Amitraz. Isixazululo samanzi esingu-0.025% salesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziswa kuwo wonke umzimba wesilwane, hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezithintekile. Inqubo yenziwa kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Isixazululo esigxile kakhulu, esisetshenziswa kanye ngesonto, singasheshisa ukutakula, kepha amathuba emiphumela emibi nokungezwani komzimba ayanda.
- Ivermectin. Ukudla nsuku zonke kuka-0.3-0.6 mg / kg kuphulukisa isilwane ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezine. Kunemihlobo ethatha lo muthi kabi. Isibonelo: izinja zomalusi i-collie, i-English ne-Australia. Kunikezwa eminye imithi yalezi zilwane. Abanye abantu bazwela ngokweqile ku-ivermectin. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wokuqala womuthi uvame ukwehliselwa ku-0.1 mg / kg.
- I-Moxidectin. Lo muthi unemiphumela emibi embalwa. Ukudla nsuku zonke u-0.2-0.4 mg / kg kuzokwelapha isilwane.
- I-Milbemycin oxime. Ithathwa ngomlomo nsuku zonke 0.5-2 mg / kg. Umuthi uvame ukufaka ivermectin yezinja ezingakwazi ukuyibekezelela.
- Kukhona eminye imigomo nezidakamizwa zokwelapha i-demodicosis. Isibonelo: Mmeli uBayer. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi le mithi iyayifeza inhloso yayo kumacala angama-80%.
Ukuvimbela
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, odokotela bezilwane basikisela ukwelashwa ama-puppy bitches ngemithi ye-ivomek ekugxileni kwe-200 μg / kg. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amakolishi e-acaricidal (anti-mite).
Kunconywe ngendlela efanele:
- Hlola inja emtholampilo wezilwane. Ngaphandle kwesimo sesilwane, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu.
- Hlola izinja kahle ngaphambi kokukhwelana.
- Kanye ngenyanga, sebenzisa amanzi ashisayo ukuhlanza indawo yokuphumula yenja.
- Ungavumeli izinja ukuxhumana nezilwane eziphambukile.
- Izinja ezinefomu elejwayelekile le-demodicosis kufanele zisuswe futhi zikhishwe
Ingabe inja egulayo ingamthelela umuntu?
Abantu bavame ukuzungezwa yizilwane ezithwala imikhaza yeDemodex. Lezi zinambuzane zinesici esisodwa: uhlobo ngalunye lwenkaza lunikezelwa kumnikazi walo futhi aludluliseli kusuka ezilwaneni kuya komunye. Okusho ukuthi, inja egulayo ingahlala eduze komuntu.
Izinhlobo zalo kuphela zeDemodex zihlala emzimbeni womuntu - lezi yi-folliculorum, longissimus ne-brevis. Umuntu ophilile ngokuphelele angaba nenani elithile lalezi zinambuzane. Ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba kungadala i-demodicosis, ebonakala kakhulu ebusweni.
