IRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey itholakala eNtshonalanga ye-Asia kanye naseBalkan. Ingxenye yaseYurophu yakha cishe u-3% wensimu, ama-97% asele yiCaucasus neMiddle East. I-Turkey itholakala enhlanganweni ye-Europe ne-Asia futhi iyalingana kusukela enkabazwe naseNyakatho Pole.
I-Turkey iyizwe elinezintaba. Ingxenye enkulu yendawo yayo yi-Asia Minor Highlands. I-Turkey itholakala ngokwesilinganiso samamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. Isiqongo seNtaba iBig Ararat sifinyelela kumamitha angama-5165. Azikho izindawo ezingaphansi kogu lolwandle ezweni. Kunezindawo ezincane eziphansi ezihlotshaniswa nogu lolwandle nemilomo yemifula.
IMedithera, uLwandle Olumnyama nokuchichima kwezintaba kuthinta isimo sezulu sezwe. Engxenyeni emaphakathi, iyizwekazi, ngokubonakaliswa komlingiswa oyintaba: umehluko obonakalayo emazingeni okushisa ansuku zonke nonyaka.
Izifunda ezingasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama zinesimo sezulu sasolwandle esiphansi esinemvula ephezulu kakhulu. Ama-subtropics aphansi achuma ogwini lwaseMedithera, avikelwe izintaba. Ukwehluka kwesimo sezulu nokwakheka komhlaba kuye kwaveza umhlaba wezilwane ezinama-polymorphic.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo ZaseTurkey
I-Turkey iyikhaya lezinhlobo ze-160 zehlathi, ama-steppe kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zasogwadule. Lawa angabamele abajwayelekile bamahlathi avikelekile aseYurophu, amathafa ase-Asia nezintaba, izingwadule zase-Afrika. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ama-cosmopolitans - izinhlobo ezivamile emazweni amaningi. Kepha kunezilwane ezimbalwa lapho izwe lazo liyizifunda zaseTranscaucasus naseMpumalanga Asia, okungukuthi, iTurkey.
Impisi ejwayelekile
Izimpisi yizona ezidla inyama ezinkulu emndenini omkhulu waseCanidae. Izimpisi zaseTurkey zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-40 kg. Abesifazane balula ngo-10% kunabesilisa. Izimpisi ziyizilwane ezihlanganyela ngobudlelwano obusebenza kahle eqenjini. Lezi yizona eziningi kakhulu izilwane eziyingozi zaseTurkey... Zikhona ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Kutholakala emaqeleni aseCentral Anatolia nasezihlahleni zamahlathi eziNtaba iPontine.
Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTurkey, impisi yaseCaucasus iyatholakala. Ngaphandle, lawa ma-subspecies ahluke kakhulu esihlotsheni esijwayelekile, esimpunga. Isisindo nobukhulu bacishe bufane, ijazi alifiphele futhi liqinile. Ingaphila ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafika kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.5.
Impungushe yase-Asiya
Lesi silwane esidla imbandezelo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi impisi yegolide. Impungushe ingeyomndeni ofanayo nempisi - iCanidae. E-Turkey, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeCanis aureus maeoticus zisakazeke kakhulu. Impungushe ilula izikhathi eziningana kunempisi: isisindo sayo asidluli ku-10 kg.
Ekubuneni, ukukhula kwesilwane kungaphansi kwamamitha angu-0,5.Ngenxa yemilenze yaso emide ngokuqhathaniswa, kubonakala sengathi iyisidlakela esincane, esinejubane. Ijazi limpunga ngokungezwa kwemibala ephuzi, isafron, imibala kagwayi.
Impungushe iyisilwane esivamile eNingizimu yeYurophu, eBalkan, eNtshonalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ushintsha ngokushesha indawo yakhe yokuhlala, athuthe kalula afune izindawo ezondlayo zokudla.
Uncamela izifunda ezisemaqeleni nezinsimu zomhlanga emathafeni ezikhukhula, kwesinye isikhathi ukhuphuka izintaba, kepha awekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5. Izivumelanisa namathafa e-anthropogenic, ivakashela izindawo zokulahla udoti eduze kwamadolobha. Encane ezifuywayo turkey kuyindaba yokuzingelwa kukakhokho.
Impungushe ejwayelekile
Uhlobo lwezimpungushe lubandakanya izinhlobo eziyi-11. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezitholakala kulo lonke elaseTurkey, ngaphandle kwezinkangala, impungushe ebomvu noma impungushe ebomvu, igama lesistimu: IVulpes vulpes. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-10 kg, ubude singelula nge-1 m.
Umbala ojwayelekile ubomvu emuva, ukukhanya, cishe okumhlophe, ingxenye ye-ventral nezidladla ezimnyama. Ezintabeni ezisenyakatho neTurkey, kutholakala izilwane ezingavamile ezimnyama nsundu nezimpungushe ezincanyana.
ICaracal
Isikhathi eside, lesi silwanyana sasibhekwa njengohlobo lwe-lynx. Manje yakha uhlobo oluhlukile lweCaracal caracal. Igama lohlobo lwavela egameni lesiTurkic elithi "kara-kylak" - indlebe emnyama. ICaracal ikati elikhulu, lingaba nesisindo esingu-10-15 kg, ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela kuma-20 kg. Uboya besilwane buwugqinsi, abude bude, bunemibala enamathoni anesihlabathi, ansundu.
Kusatshalaliswe kulo lonke elase-Asia Minor nase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Arabia nasezwenikazi lase-Afrika. ETurkey, itholakala emathafeni nasemathafeni asesifundeni i-Central Anatolian. Izingela amagundane ebusuku: ama-gerbils, ama-jerboas, ama-gopher aqhekekayo. Ungahlasela izinkukhu, athumbe amawundlu nezimbuzi.
Ikati lasehlathini
Lesi sidalwa esiyisilwane sibizwa kufanele ngokuthi yi-swamp lynx. Uncamela amahlathi aminyene nezihlahla ezigodini zemifula, osebeni oluphansi lwamachibi nolwandle. Incane kunanoma iyiphi i-lynx, kepha inkulu kunekati elifuywayo. Isinda cishe ngo-10-12 kg. Ikhula ngobude kuze kufike ku-0.6 m.
ETurkey, kwenzeka emathafeni ezikhukhula e-Ewufrathe, eKura, e-Araks, engxenyeni esezansi yogu loLwandle Olumnyama. Kusuka emahlathini nasezihlangeni, efuna inyamazane, kuvame ukungena ezindaweni eziseduze ze-steppe, kepha ezintabeni, ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwama-800 m.
Ingwe
Izidliwayo izilwane zaseTurkey faka uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu - ingwe yaseCaucasia noma ingwe yase-Asiatic. Isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke kulezi zindawo: ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela ku-75 cm, isisindo sisondela ku-70 kg. Itholakala empumalanga ye-Armenian Highlands emngceleni we-Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Inani lezingwe zaseCaucasia eTurkey lingamayunithi.
Imongoose yaseGibhithe
Kuvame ukubonwa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTurkey ezifundeni zaseSanliurfa, eMardin naseSirnak. Ingatholakala kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anatolia. Lesi silwane esomndeni wama-mongoose, siyisihlobo esikude se-feline.
I-Mongoose yisilwane esidla amagundane amancane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ishintshwe ukuhlala endaweni esemahlathini, kepha ingahlala ehlathini. Ungesabi ukubukeka kwe-anthropomorphic.
UCunyi
I-Mustelidae noma i-Mustelidae ngumndeni wezilwane eziyizidlakela ezijwayele impilo kuzo zonke, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo. ETurkey, ukuze kube nokuchuma kwama-mustelids, kunezindawo ezifanelekile nezinsiza zokudla: amagundane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane, izinambuzane. Okuvamile kakhulu kunezinye:
- I-otter yisidlakela esihle esichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwaso emanzini. Umzimba ohlangene we-otter ungafinyelela ku-1 m, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ku-9-10 kg. Impilo yonke, i-otter ikhetha imifula yehlathi, kepha ingazingela futhi izalele eduze nogu lwamachibi nolwandle.
- I-Stone marten - isisindo salesi sidlo asidluli ku-2 kg, ubude bomzimba bungu-50 cm, umsila awudluli amasentimitha angama-30. I-marten kuphela ekulungele ukuhlala eduze kwabantu.
- UMarten - uthanda amahlathi aminyene. E-Turkey, uhla lwayo luphelela emngceleni ongenhla wamahlathi e-coniferous. Ngokungafani ne-marten yamatshe, ishiya izindawo lapho umuntu evela khona futhi iqhuba imisebenzi yezomnotho.
- I-ermine yisilwane esincane esidla ezinye esinesisindo esisuka ku-80 kuye ku-250 g. Izingela ezindaweni ezihlanzayo, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emaglade, emathafeni emifula nemifula.
- U-Weasel ungummeleli omncane kunabo bonke we-weasel. Isisindo sabesifazane asifinyeleli ku-100 g. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila asivamile ukudlula iminyaka emithathu. Ukuvela kwekoloni elincane lama-weasel kuqinisekisa ukuqothulwa kwamagundane endaweni.
- Leli bhandishi yisilwane esidla ezinye esinesisindo esisuka ku-400 kuye ku-700 g. Lihlala emaqeleni nasehlane elisogwadule loLwandle Olumnyama nasezifundeni zeCentral Anatolian. Ingxenye yomgogodla womzimba inombala onsundu, inemibala enamabala aphuzi nemivimbo. I-underbelly idayiwe emnyama. Okugqokisiwe kunesifonyo esimnyama nomhlophe nezindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu ze-weasel.
Izinyamazane ezinhle
Kubabazekayo kunazo zonke izinyamazane, ezingaziqhayisa izilwane zaseTurkey Ingabe inyamazane ebomvu noma inyamazane ebomvu. Ihlala kulo lonke elaseTurkey, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezakhelene nogu lwaseMedithera.
Kukhona ukudideka phakathi kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo ngokuqanjwa kwenyamazane. Izinhlobo ezihlala eTurkey zibizwa ngokuhlukile: iCaspian, inyamazane yaseCaucasus, inyamazane ebomvu, noma inyamazane ebomvu. Igama lesistimu yalo yiCervus elaphus maral.
Doe
Izinyamazane ze-fallow iyi-artiodactyl enhle, eyomndeni wezinyamazane. Izinyamazane ze-fallow zincane kunezinyamazane: ukuphakama kokubuna kwabesilisa akudluli i-1 m, futhi isisindo singu-100 kg. Abesifazane balula ngo-10-15% futhi bancane kunabesilisa. Njengazo zonke izinyamazane, izinyamazane ze-fallow ziyizilwane ezikhanyayo futhi isisekelo semenyu yazo utshani namaqabunga.
Roe
Isilwane esincane esinezinselo ezihlukanisiwe, esomndeni wezinyamazane. Ekubuneni, ukuphakama kungamamitha ayi-0.7. Isisindo asidluli kuma-32 kg. Izinyamazane zeRoe zihlala nomaphi lapho izilwanyana ezingondla khona.
ENtshonalanga ye-Asia, endaweni yaseTurkey yanamuhla, izinyamazane ze-roe zavela enkathini yePliocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule. Imikhuba yokudla kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezikhethwayo zifana nawo wonke ama-reindeer.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle
Amahlengethwa maningi olwandle oluzungeze iTurkey. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zinezimfanelo eziningana ezivelele: ubuchopho obuthuthukisiwe, izinga eliphakeme lokuxhumana nabantu, uhlelo olwenziwayo lokusayina, kanye nezimpawu ezihlukile ze-hydrodynamic. Ogwini lwaseTurkey, izinhlobo ezintathu zivame ukutholakala:
- Ihlengethwa elimpunga liyisilwane esingamamitha angu-3-4 ubude futhi sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-500 kg. Kubonakala ngasogwini lwaseMedithera lwaseTurkey.
- Ihlengethwa elijwayelekile noma ihlengethwa elijwayelekile. Ubude abudluli ku-2,5 m. Isisindo, uma siqhathaniswa nehlengethwa elimpunga, sincane - cishe ngama-60-80 kg.
- I-Bottlenose dolphin yisilwane sasolwandle esifinyelela ku-3 m ubude, sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-300 kg. Kutholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi uLwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera.
Amalulwane namalulwane
Lezi zilwane zinezici ezintathu: yizona kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo ezikwaziyo ukulawulwa, ukundiza isikhathi eside, zinezazi zokufunda kahle futhi zinamandla ahlukile okuziguqula. Lokhu kwavumela izidalwa ezimangalisayo ukuba zikwazi ukuqonda wonke umhlaba womhlaba ngaphandle kwezifunda ezibandayo. Amalulwane izilwane ezihlala eTurkey, bangabemindeni:
- amalulwane ezithelo,
- amalulwane amahhashi,
- umsila wecala,
- ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi,
- isikhumba noma ikhala elibushelelezi.
Le mindeni ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-1200 zamalulwane, abadla inyama, ama-omnivores kanye nama-carnivores.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseTurkey
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-130 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezigijimayo, ezikhasayo nokubhukuda zihlala eTurkey. Isimo sezwe sithanda ukuchuma kwezibankwa nezinyoka, okuyizingu-12 zazo ezihuquzelayo ezinobuthi. Izimfudu zimelelwa izinhlobo zomhlaba namanzi angenasawoti, kepha izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zasolwandle zithakazelisa ngokukhethekile.
Ufudu olubuyisa isikhumba
Lolu uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwezimfudu ezikhona njengamanje. Ubude bomzimba bungafika kumamitha ayi-2,5. Isisindo - 600 kg. Lolu hlobo luhlukile kwezinye izimfudu zasolwandle ezinhlakeni zokwakheka. Igobolondo lalo alihlanganisiwe namathambo, kodwa liqukethe amapuleti futhi limbozwe ngesikhumba esinyene. Izimfudu ze-Leatherback zivakashela iMedithera, kepha azikho izindawo zokwakha izidleke ogwini lwaseTurkey.
I-Loggerhead noma ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu
Isilwane esihuquzelayo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi i-Caretta noma i-Caretta caretta. Lolu ufudu olukhulu, isisindo salo singafinyelela kuma-200 kg, ubude bomzimba bucishe bube yi-1. Ingxenye ye-dorsal yegobolondo imise okwenhliziyo. Ufudu luyisilwane esidla ezinye. Idla ama-molluscs, i-jellyfish, izinhlanzi. I-loggerhead ibeka amaqanda emabhishi amaningi ogwini lwaseTurkey iMedithera.
Ufudu lwasolwandle oluhlaza okotshani
Isilwane esihuquzelayo sinesisindo esingama-70-200 kg. Kodwa kukhona abaphethe amarekhodi abafinyelele isisindo sama-500 kg nobude bamamitha ama-2. Ufudu lunokukhethekile - inyama yalo inambitheka enhle kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ufudu lwesobho. Ogwini lwaseTurkey kunamabhishi amaningi lapho kubekwa khona ufudu oluhlaza: esifundazweni saseMersin, echibini lase-Akiatan, emabhishi aseduzane nedolobha laseSamandag.
Izinyoni zaseTurkey
Izwe lezinyoni laseTurkey lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 zezinyoni. Cishe uhhafu wazo udleke endaweni yezwe, ezinye ziyizinhlobo ezifudukayo. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zivame kakhulu, zivame ukutholakala, izinyoni zase-Asia, zaseYurophu nase-Afrika, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu, ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ukhozi lwesitepe
Le nyoni iyingxenye yomndeni woKlebe. Izimpiko zalesi silwane esidliwayo esinamaphiko zifinyelela kumamitha angu-2.3. Ukudla kufaka phakathi amagundane, amahares, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izinyoni. Ukhozi aluzibi izidumbu. Izidleke zakhiwa phansi, izihlahla kanye nokuphakama kwamatshe. Ibeka amaqanda 1-2. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala izinsuku ezingama-60. Ukhozi lwe-steppe noma i-steppe, noma i-Aquila nipalensis isemgqeni wokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo.
Inqe
Inqe livela emndenini woKlebe. Ayidluli ubude obungu-0.7 m no-2 kg wesisindo, okuyisibalo esithobekile sebha. I-Carrion wuhlobo lokudla oluyinhloko, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ihlukanisa ukudla kwayo ngezithelo nemifino. Izinyoni ezindala zithulise izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama emaphethelweni amaphiko. Izinyoni zihlala ngamaqembu amancane, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana zihlukaniswe ngazimbili.
Ibis yasehlathini
Kungokwenhlobo yezinyoni ezinempandla. Izimpiko zivuleka zivulekele ku-1.2-1.3 m.Isisindo sifinyelela ku-1.4 kg. Le nyoni idla izinambuzane zazo zonke izinhlobo, izilwane ezincane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukuhlela izidleke, izinyoni zihlangana emakoloni. Amahlathi amahlathi kukhona izilwane zaseTurkey, ezifanekiselwa ejwayelekile ukwedlula empilweni.
I-Bustard
Umhlali ojwayelekile wama-steppes nama-semi-desert. Kwenzeka ezindaweni zezolimo, emadlelweni, ezindaweni ezilinywayo. Inyoni inkulu, abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10 kg. Uncamela ukuhamba ngezindiza.
Wakha izidleke emhlabathini, ubeke amaqanda ayi-1-3. Le nyoni iyamangalisa: ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ikhipha amahlumela aluhlaza, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo. Ngekhulu lama-XX, inani lama-bustard lehla kakhulu futhi inyoni yaphenduka isuka entweni yokuzingela yaba yinto yokuvikelwa.
I-curlew enezinhlawulo ezincane
Inyoni encane evela emndenini we-snipe. Inyoni ebukeka ngendlela efanayo: imilenze emide ezacile nomlomo omude, ogobile. Ubude bomzimba abufiki ku-0,4 m. Ukuze ube khona, ukhetha izimfunda ezimanzi emathafeni emifula asemaqeleni.
E-Turkey, azikho izidleke kuphela, kepha nezinhlobo ezifudukayo. Zombili ziyivelakancane, zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Izilwane ezingenamakhaya eTurkey zisongela zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla phansi, kufaka phakathi ama-curlews.
Izilwane zasekhaya nezasemapulazini
Isethi yezilwane ezifuywa abalimi nabantu basemadolobheni yiyona evame kakhulu. Lawa ngamahhashi, izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, izinkukhu, amakati nezinja. Isivakashi ngasinye esikhiphile ukungenisa izilwane eTurkey, kumele aqonde ukuthi intandokazi yakhe izohlangana nabazalwane abanganakiwe. Kepha kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi azinakhaya.
I-Kangal
Inja yokuqapha, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Anatolian Shepherd Dog. Inja inekhanda elikhulu, amathuluzi omhlathi anamandla, isifihla-buso esimnyama ebusweni. Ukuphakama kokubuna kungama-80 cm, isisindo cishe singama-60 kg. Ihlanganisa amandla nokusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu. Lapho enza imisebenzi yokwelusa, angabhekana nempungushe, abambe futhi achoboze impisi.
AmaTurkey aqapha ukulondolozwa kobumsulwa bezakhi zofuzo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo nezifuywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapaki angaphezu kweshumi nambili aseTurkey agxile ekulondolozeni ukwehluka kwemvelo okungonakalisiwe. Izinqolobane kanye nomthelela olinganiselwe wempucuko kunikeza ithemba lokuthi iningi lezilwane alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
