Izilwane zasekhaya lawula ukushisa komzimba ngaphandle kwezimo zemvelo. Umshini uqeda amandla, kepha uvumela izitho nezinhlelo ukuthi zihlale zisebenza ngokushisa okunethezekile.
Emvelweni kukhona futhi poikilothermic. Izilwane zasekhaya kubhekwa njengokuphakeme kunabo ngokwentuthuko, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ama-poikilotherms ayashisa futhi aphole phansi nemvelo. Eminye yonakaliswa ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa. Abanye babambezela inqubo yokuphila ngokulala ubusuku bonke.
Amaxoxo emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo, alala enhlabathini esimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe. Ngaphezu amphibians, izidalwa poikilothermic zihlanganisa ezihuquzelayo, inhlanzi, protozoa, ezingenamgogodla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zisekhaya ekhaya.
Izimpaphe zasekhaya
I-homeothermal ibizwa ngenye indlela ngokuthi inegazi elifudumele. Empilweni, awudingi nje kuphela izinga lokushisa lokuhlanganisa, kepha uhla lwama-degree angama-36-45.5. Isibalo ngqo sincike ohlotsheni lwesilwane.
Ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo, okujwayelekile akudluli kuma-degree angama-40. Izinyoni nazo zizizwa zimnandi lapho umzimba ushisa ufinyelela kuma-45 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kungenxa yesilinganiso se-metabolic. Amandla amaningi achithwa ekushayeni amaphiko. Ngokwesibonelo, i- hummingbird iphakamisa futhi yehlise amaphiko ayo amahlandla angama-80 ngomzuzwana. Ngokunjalo, inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla. Kukhona ukukhululwa okukhulu kwamandla ngokushisa, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, amaprotheni womuntu ehlisiwe, okungukuthi, amaprotheni abhujiswa.
Izinyoni ziyisigaba sezilwane ezibandakanya ama-oda angaba ngu-30. Abamele babo:
I-wagtail ephuzi
Imelela iqembu lezinyoni ezidlulayo. Bahlukaniswe imindeni engama-25. I-wagtail ephuzi ihlukaniswa njenge-wagtail. Zibizwa kanjalo ngoba ziyaqhaqhazela ngomsila, okungukuthi, ngomsila. Kude kubameli bezinhlobo.
Kanye nomsila, ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha ayi-16. Inyoni le isisinda cishe ngama-gram angu-30. Ngendlela, mayelana nezimpaphe. Zingenye zamadivayisi we-thermoregulation, njengoboya bezilwane ezincelisayo.
I-homeothermal nayo igcina ukushisa ngosizo lwamafutha angaphansi. Lapho kungekho ukutholakala okwanele okuvela ngaphandle, kuyashiswa, kusebenza njengophethiloli ongekho.
Ngaphandle, i-wagtail ephuzi ifana nondlunkulu, kepha isisu sale nyoni singegolide. Le nyoni ihlala e-Alaska, e-Europe, e-Asia, e-Afrika. Ezwenikazi lokugcina, i-wagtail ihlala unyaka wonke.
Intshebe kaMotley
Le yinyoni yokuhleleka kwabagawuli bezinkuni. Kubandakanya imindeni eyi-6. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo kuzo zingama-400. Intshebe eshintshashintshayo ihlukile kunezinye ezimpapheni ezicwengile ku-goiter. Kubukeka sengathi intshebe. Yingakho igama lenyoni. Intshebe yakhe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba osele unombala oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu, omnyama.
Ubude bezintshevu ze-motley bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25. Le nyoni inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-50 gram. Intshebe itholakala emazweni ase-Asia.
IGuatemalan quetzal
Kwakunge-oda elifana ne-trogon. Unomndeni owodwa nezinhlobo ezingama-50. I-quetzal yaseGuatemala ibonakala ngezimpaphe ezinde eziluhlaza. Bangama-35 cm. Kuyafana nobude bomzimba wenyoni kanye nezimpaphe ezijwayelekile zomsila.
Izimpaphe zeQuetzal zazisetshenziswa ezintweni zokuhloba nasemasikweni amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika, lapho kuhlala khona izimpaphe. Abasendulo babemthatha njengoNkulunkulu wasemoyeni. Ngenxa yezimpaphe, izinyoni azizange zibulawe, kepha zabanjwa, zahluthwa zadedelwa.
Inyoni yegundane enombala omhlophe
Kufakwe eqenjini lamagundane wezinyoni. Unomndeni owodwa nezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinyoni. Izinyoni ezinemibala emhlophe zimhlophe, empeleni, esiswini. Isihloko sezinyoni singwevu okhanyayo. Izimpiko, umsila nekhanda kumnyama kancane. Njengamanye "amagundane", abameleli bezinhlobo zezilwane bathanda ukulenga babheke phansi emagatsheni.
Kumasentimitha angama-32 wobude bomzimba wenyoni yegundane emhlane omhlophe, umsila wayo unama-23. Uyasibona lesi silwane ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Afrika.
I-nightjar ejwayelekile
Izimpaphe zohlelo olufana nembuzi. Inemindeni eyi-6. I-nightjar ejwayelekile ingeye-nightjar. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inyoni ibizwa nge-night swallow. Le enezimpaphe ayisebenzi emini. Kubukeka sengathi i-nightjar swallow kuphela kude. Izilwane zinezimpaphe eziluhlaza, ezithambile, ezifana nezikhova. Bangeza ivolumu eyengeziwe ku-nightjar eyi-100-gram.
I-nightjar inamaphiko acijile nomsila. Kusukela kulokhu, le nyoni ine-silhouette enwetshiwe. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa uma inyoni ihleli egatsheni. I-nightjar ayitholakali ngaphesheya, kodwa eceleni kwayo.
Isikhova SoKlebe
Imele iqembu lesikhova lezilwane zasekhaya, ezinemindeni emi-2. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo kuzo zingama-205. Isikhova sikaklebe sihlukaniswa ngombala waso onsundu onemigqa emhlophe. Isibalo siyanqamula. Umbala wesikhova uhlangana neziqu zemibhida, inyoni ethanda ukuhlala kuyo.
Inyoni iyafana ngokubukeka kukaklebe. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Okokuqala, ubuso obunezimpaphe abunayo idiski yobuso ejwayelekile yezikhova. Okwesibili, esilwaneni, uqhwaku oluphuzi ngokusobala ligobile. Ubungako besikhova bufana nohovane, kanye nethoni yombala. Le nyoni nayo inezidladla ezinamaphiko.
Snipe
Kushiwo ama-charadriiformes. Leli butho linemindeni eyi-17. Inani eliphelele kuzo lisondele kumakhulu amathathu. I-snipe inomzimba ongamasentimitha angama-25. Izimpaphe zinsundu. Umugqa obomvu, onqunyelwe ngababili abamnyama, ugijima eduze komqhele wekhanda.
Imilenze noqhwaku lwenyoni yinde. Uqhwaku ekugcineni lucwecwe kusuka ezinhlangothini ukuze kubanjwe kalula izinhlanzi nezinambuzane.
I-Grane crane
Imelela izinyoni ezinjenge-crane, lapho kunezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-200 nemindeni eyi-13. Ama-cranes ampunga izilwane homeothermic kukhona empeleni, kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto okuqala okuphila. I-Thermoregulation ayikho ematshweleni asanda kuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, ngenkuthalo abazali bemboza izingane zabo kusuka emoyeni naselangeni.
I-crane ejwayelekile inezindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezimpapheni zayo. Imigqa ekhanyayo, isibonelo, yehla isuka emehlweni iye entanyeni yenyoni.
I-phaeton emhlophe-emsila
Inyoni ye-copepod oda yomndeni wama-phaeton. Kuneminye imikhaya emi-5 eqenjini. I-phaeton emsila omhlophe ivelele ubude bayo bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-82. Bangaphezu kwengxenye abasemsileni. Inyoni ipendwe mhlophe. Kunokufakwa okumpunga ezimpikweni, nokumnyama emehlweni. Imilenze, njengawo wonke ama-copepod, inolwelwesi oludingekayo ekubhukudeni.
Njengezinyoni eziningi, izinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa zokuphila, ama-phaeton awazi ukuthi angaqala kanjani izindlela ze-thermoregulation, njengoba empeleni e-poikilothermic.
Usile wena
Ummeleli we-oda le-tube-nosed, okukhona kuyo imindeni engama-23 nezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu. Isiwula sinekhanda elimhlophe, intamo nesisu, noma mpunga ngokuphelele. Le nyoni ibukeka njenge-herring gull ngombala, usayizi nokwakheka kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-fulmars anamashubhu anama-horny esikhundleni samakhala, futhi uqhwaku lukhulu futhi lumfushane kunolwandle lwasolwandle.
Amakhala ama-Horny adingeka ngama-fulmars ukususa usawoti omningi. Izinyoni zasolwandle zidinga ukulahlwa.
Isikhovu esinezintambo ezibomvu
Inyoni ye-oda grebe. Unomndeni owodwa nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-23. Lesi sigqoko esinentamo ebomvu sibonakala phakathi kwezinye ngezimpaphe zentamo yaso enombala wethusi. Zifana nengubo yokuzalela yenyoni. Ekhanda lakhe kunezicucu ezimile zombala wegolide.
Amachwane ezinzalo zinesikhumba esingenalutho emabunzini azo. Kuwo, abazali balandela isimo sezingane zabo. Indawo iba mhlophe uma kubanda bese iba bomvu uma izingane zifudunyezwa.
Lapho amaphuphu elawula kahle ukushisa komzimba, izinga lokushisa komzimba wawo, njengawo wonke ama-homeothermic, liba njalo. I-thrush yengoma inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe uhlale ufudunyezwa uze ufike kuma-degree angu-45.5.
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elezinyoni zasemanzini. Esikhathini se-Adélie penguin, isibonelo, siseduze komuntu, singama-37 degrees. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zinekhono elithuthuke kakhulu lokugcina izinga lokushisa komzimba lihlala njalo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ziphansi, uma kungenjalo bezingagodoli ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi eside emakhazeni futhi bezingaquleka ngenxa yokushisa.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasekhaya
Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo kunamangaizilwane zasekhaya. Izibonelo ze: ama-hedgehogs, izimbila, amalulwane. Zijwayele ukungena ebusika, zinciphisa izinqubo zokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyancipha, ikakhulu ngokuya ngenkomba yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokulala ubuthongo, izilwane ziba sekhaya. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezilwane zibiza isigaba esiphakathi ngokuthi i-heterothermal.
Umbuso wezilwane ezincelisayo uhlukaniswe ngama-oda ayi-12. Abamele babo:
IGorilla
Kunga-oda wezinkawu. Iphakeme njenge gorilla lomuntu, futhi inesisindo cishe esiphindwe kabili. Lesi isisindo sowesifazane. Abesilisa nabo bangama-kilogram angama-300.
AmaGorilla zingezilwane zasekhaya ngomshini ophindwe kabili we-thermoregulation. Kungokwenyama namakhemikhali. Lesi sakamuva kuhloswe ngaso ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifunekayo lomzimba wokuphendula ngaphakathi kwalo. Ngokuyinhloko, sikhuluma ngemetabolism nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, okubandakanya amafutha ansundu, isibindi nemisipha.
Izinqubo zomzimba zibandakanya ukujuluka, ukuhwamuka komswakama ovela olimini, esikhunjeni. Indlela yamakhemikhali ifanele uma ama-decoys omzimba enganele.
I-tenrec emthende
Kungokuhleleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinambuzane. Ngaphandle, lesi silwane sifana ne-hedgehog, kepha sigqokwa njengomndeni ohlukile we-tenrecs. Izinaliti ezisemzimbeni wesilwane zixutshwe nezinwele ezigqamile. Ummango wazo ugijima ngemuva.
I-tenrec itholakala eMadagascar nase-Afrika. Kukhona inkathi ende eyomile. Ama-tenrecs alala kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa komzimba kuncike ekufudumaleni kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ama-ternec angama-heterothermal.
Ubusuku obomvu
Imelela iqembu lamalulwane. Ngokwezinombolo, kungokwesibili phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, kunezinhlobo eziyi-1200. I-ginger noble yiyona evame kakhulu kumalulwane.
Ubude busuku ngamasentimitha ayi-8, kanti isisindo singama-gramu angama-40. Uboya, njengoba kusho igama lesilwane, bubomvu. Ubusuku buhlukaniswa nangomsila omude. Ibala cishe amasentimitha ama-5. Njengama-hedgehogs, amalulwane yizilwane ezifudumele.
Impisi empunga
Isilwane se-oda lezidliwayo. Bahlukaniswe imindeni eyi-11. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo ezingama-270. Impisi empunga inezinhlayiya eziningana, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumitha eli-0,6 kuye kwayi-1.
Izimpisi azinazo izikhali zokubulala ezinjengamazipho aqinile, acijile noma amazinyo. Izimpunga ziqhuba inyamazane yazo ngomhlambi, zilambile. Izimpisi ziqala ukudla isisulu esiphilayo lapho iwa ikhathele.
UWalrus
Imelela ukuhleleka kwamaphini, okubandakanya imindeni emi-3 nezinhlobo ezingama-35. I-walrus yaziwa njengenye yezinto ezivumelana kakhulu namakhaza. Inethiwekhi ebanzi yemithambo yegazi, ukuminyana kwawo wonke amanoni angaphansi kwesikhumba, nokuqina kokushintsha kwegazi kuyasiza.
Izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-walrus lihlala njalo ebangeni lama-36-37 degrees. Inkomba yesikhumba ingahluka, kepha njalo ama-degree ambalwa ngaphezu kwemvelo.
Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isikwati sakhe singamacetaceans. Kunemindeni eyi-13 nezinhlobo ezingama-83. Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyisilwane esincelisayo sasemanzini esikhulu kunazo zonke. Ngo-1926, kwabanjwa owesifazane wamamitha angama-33 anesisindo samathani ayi-150.
I-thermoregulation yomkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isuselwa kungqimba oluningi lwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba. Umzimba wesilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle uyisiyingi. Ukuma kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine amandla nokushisa okuphezulu. Yingakho izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezisezindaweni ezinamakhaza zingamabomu.
Ezifundeni ezifudumele, kunezilwane ezinciphile, ezihlangene ezinesikhumba esingenalutho, izindlebe ezinkulu, nomsila. Ngabo, ukudluliswa kokushisa kuya endaweni yangaphandle kwenzeka.
I-vole ejwayelekile
Imelela iqembu lamagundane. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2300 kuwo. I-vole ingeyomndeni we-hamster. Isilwane sehlukile kwigundane ngesifonyo esixega kakhudlwana.
Emakhazeni, i-vole, njengamanye amagundane, iphinda kabili imetabolism. Le akuyona impendulo engacacile yombuzo yiziphi izilwane zasekhaya... Izidliwayo zingasheshisa imetabolism ngamayunithi angu-0,8 kuphela, kepha ama-hedgehogs akhulisa ijubane lawo ngamahlandla ayi-7.
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski
Iqembu le-equids. Inemindeni emi-3 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20. Ihhashi likaPrzewalski lakhiwe kahle. Ubude besilwane bufinyelela amamitha ama-2 ngamasentimitha ayi-136 ukuphakama. Ihhashi linesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-300-350.
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski libhalwe ku-International Red Book. Ukushisa komzimba okujwayelekile kwesilwane kungama-38 degrees. Kumathole nakuma-mares akhulelwe, inkomba iphakeme ngezinga elilodwa.
Indlulamithi
Kufakiwe eqenjini le-artiodactyl. Kukhona cishe izinhlobo ezingama-250 zazo. Indlulamithi igcina izinga lokushisa komzimba wayo ibanga elingu-38-42 degrees Celsius. Inhliziyo enamakhilogremu ayi-12 isiza ukusabalalisa igazi.
Izindlulamithi zifunde ukukhulisa ngokuzithandela imithambo yegazi. Igazi lesilwane ngokwalo lijiyile kunejwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izindlulamithi ngeke zikwazi ukwehlisa amakhanda, isibonelo, ukuphuza.
Unogwaja
Kwakungeka-oda le-Lagomorphs. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nambili zazo. Unogwaja ulawula izinga lokushisa ngosizo lwenethiwekhi ekhipha ukushisa yemithambo yegazi ezindlebeni, ukuhwamuka komswakama ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Futhi, izilwane zilula phansi epholile noma emigodini, zinikeze ukushisa phansi.
Konogwaja, amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-28 degrees abalulekile. I-Heatstroke yenzeka ezilwaneni. Izindlela ze-thermoregulation nazo ziphuliwe emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-5 degrees.
Umuntu naye ungowezilwane ezincelisayo futhi ubuye abuyele ekhaya. Abantu bangeze ukufudumeza okungekuhle kuzindlela zemvelo zokulawulwa kokushisa, ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwezingubo.
