Igama lesiLatini labamele i-oda lama-arachnids "Solifugae" lisho "ukweqa elangeni." Solpuga, i-wind scorpion, i-bihorka, i-phalanx - izincazelo ezihlukile zesidalwa se-arthropod, esibukeka njengesicabucabu kuphela, kepha esama-omnivores. Lesi yisidli sangempela, imihlangano engagcina ngokulunywa okubuhlungu.
Isicabucabu solpuga
Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nama-solpugs. ENingizimu Afrika, babizwa ngokuthi abagcini bezinwele ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi izidleke zabahlali ezingaphansi komhlaba zigcwele uboya babantu nobezilwane, obugundwa yi-chelicerae enamandla (izithasiselo zomlomo).
Incazelo nezici
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zase-Asia emaphakathi cishe zingama-5-7 cm ubude. Umzimba omkhulu omise okokuphotha. Ku-cephalothorax, evikelwe ngesihlangu se-chitinous, amehlo amakhulu aphumayo. Ezinhlangothini zamehlo athuthukile, kepha asabela ekukhanyeni, ekuhambeni kwezinto.
Izitho eziyi-10, umzimba umbozwe izinwele. Izintambo zangaphambili zembali zinde ukwedlula imilenze, zizwela kakhulu emvelweni, zisebenza njengesitho sokuthinta. Isicabucabu siphendula ngokushesha ukuze sisondele, okwenza kube ngumzingeli omuhle kakhulu.
Imilenze yangemuva ifakwe uzipho nama-villi okudonsa inkomishi avumela ukukhuphuka okumi mpo. Ijubane lokubaleka lifinyelela ku-14-16 km / h, lapho isicabucabu saqanjwa ngokuthi ufezela womoya.
Kuyathakazelisa lokho isakhiwo se-solpuga Ngokuvamile, kuyinto yakudala kakhulu, kodwa tracheal uhlelo emzimbeni umhlaseli ingenye ephelele phakathi arachnids. Umzimba uphuzi nsundu ngombala, kwesinye isikhathi umhlophe, unezinwele ezinde. abantu abanombala omnyama noma umbala we-motley abavamile.
Izintambo ezesabekayo nokunyakaza okusheshayo kudala umphumela owethusayo. USolpuga esithombeni ibukeka njengesilo esincane esisheshayo. Izinwele esiqwini ziyahlukahluka. Amanye athambile futhi amafushane, amanye anokhahlo, acwebezelayo. Izinwele ngazinye zinde kakhulu.
Isikhali esiyinhloko somzingeli yi-chelicerae enkulu enemikhaza, efana nezinzipho zezinkalankala. I-Solpugu ihlukaniswa nezinye izicabucabu ngokwazi ukuluma ngozipho lomuntu, isikhumba namathambo amancane. I-Chelicerae ifakwe imiphetho yokusika namazinyo, inani lalo elihlukile kolunye uhlobo kuye kolunye.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Isicabucabu solpuga - umhlali ojwayelekile wama-steppes, izingwadule zezindawo ezishisayo, ezishisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla. Indawo eyinhloko yokusatshalaliswa yiNingizimu Afrika, iPakistan, iNdiya, iNorth Caucasus, iCrimea, izindawo zase-Asia Ephakathi. Izakhamizi zaseSpain naseGrisi ziyabazi abantu abadla ubusuku. Umbono ovamile ujwayelekile kubo bonke abahlali bezindawo ezishisayo nezingwadule.
Iningi labazingeli basebusuku bacasha emini emigodini elahliwe yamagundane, phakathi kwamatshe noma ezindlekweni zabo ezingaphansi komhlaba, abazimba ngosizo lwabashisi, belahla inhlabathi ngezidladla. Ukukhanya kubadonsela ngesihluku sezinambuzane.
Ngakho-ke, zigudlukela kokucabanga komlilo, imishayo yethoshi, emafasiteleni akhanyisiwe. Kunezinhlobo ezisebenzayo emini. Abamele abanjalo abathanda ilanga eSpain babebizwa ngokuthi "izicabucabu zelanga". E-terrariums, ama-solpugs athanda ukugcwala ngaphansi kwezibani ze-ultraviolet.
Umsebenzi wesicabucabu awubonakali nje kuphela ekusebenzeni okusheshayo, kepha futhi nasekunyakazeni okuqonde ngqo, weqa ibanga elide - kufika ku-1-1.2 m. Lapho uhlangana nesitha, ama-solpugs aphakamisa ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba, uzipho luvule futhi luqonde ngqo esitheni.
Imisindo eqinile neyesabekayo inika ukuzimisela kwesicabucabu ekuhlaseleni, isabisa isitha. Impilo yabazingeli ingaphansi kwezikhathi ezithile. Ngokufika kwesimo sezulu sokuqala esibandayo, zilala kuze kube yizinsuku zasentwasahlobo ezifudumele.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ama-solpugs enza imisindo ethile, efana nokugaya noma ukubhoboza okubhobozayo. Lo mphumela uvela ngenxa yokushayisana kwe-chelicera ukwesabisa isitha.
Ukuziphatha kwezilwane kunolaka, azesabi muntu noma ofezela abanobuthi, zize zilwe zodwa. Ukuhamba okushesha kombani kwabazingeli kuyingozi kwizisulu, kepha ngokwabo kuyaqabukela kuphenduke isisulu somunye umuntu.
Isicabucabu solpuga transcaspian
Kunzima ukuxosha isicabucabu esigijime singene etendeni, ungasishanela ngomshanelo noma usichoboze endaweni eqinile, akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu esihlabathini. Ukulunywa kudinga ukugezwa ngama-antiseptics. Ama-salpugs awanabo ubuthikodwa bathwala izifo ngokwabo. Uma kwenzeka ukwanda kwesilonda ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwesicabucabu, ama-antibiotic azodingeka.
Izinhlobo
Ibutho le-solpugi linemindeni eyi-13. Iqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-140, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1000. Ibutho lezinkulungwane zabazingeli lisakazeke emazwenikazi amaningi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica:
- izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-80 - ezindaweni zaseMelika;
- izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 - e-Afrika, e-Eurasia;
- Izinhlobo ezingama-40 - eNyakatho Afrika naseGrisi;
- Izinhlobo eziyi-16 - eNingizimu Afrika, e-Indonesia, eVietnam.
I-salpuga ejwayelekile
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:
- usawoti ovamile (galeod). Abantu abakhulu, abafinyelela ku-4.5-6 cm ngosayizi ophuzi-santi ngombala. Umbala ongemuva ubumnyama, mpunga-nsundu. Amandla okucindezelwa yi-chelicera anjengokuthi i-solpuga ibamba isisindo somzimba wayo. Azikho izindlala ezinobuthi. Ngokuya ngendawo yokwabiwa, i-saltpuga ejwayelekile ibizwa ngeSouth Russian;
- Isigaxa sikasawoti saseTranscaspian... Izicabucabu ezinkulu ezinama-6-7 cm ubude, umbala obomvu onsundu we-cephalothorax, onesisu esimthende esimpunga. IKyrgyzstan neKazakhstan yizindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlala;
- isifutho sikasawoti esibhemayo... Izicabucabu ezinkulu, ezingaphezu kuka-7 cm ubude. Izilwane ezidliwayo ezimnyama nsundu zitholakala esihlabathini saseTurkmenistan.
I-Salpuga ebhemayo
Zonke izicabucabu azinabo ubuthi, kodwa-ke, ukuzihlangabeza akubonisi okuhle nakubahlali bendawo bezifunda lapho bengezona izakhamuzi ezingandile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ubudlwangudlwangu besicabucabu buyisifo. Lezi yizilwane ezizingelayo zangempela ezingazi umuzwa wokusutha. Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezilwane ezincane ziba ukudla. I-Woodlice, millipedes, izicabucabu, umuhlwa, amabhungane, izinambuzane zingena ekudleni.
USalpuga phalanx ihlasela zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihambayo futhi zihambisane nosayizi wayo ize iwele ekudleni ngokweqile. ECalifornia, izicabucabu zibhubhisa izinyosi zezinyosi, zibhekane nezibankwa, izinyoni ezincane namagundane amancane. Izisulu zingofezela abayingozi kanye nesolpugi uqobo, ezikwazi ukuqothula abashadikazi bazo ngemuva kocansi.
USolpuga udla isibankwa
Isicabucabu sibamba inyamazane ngejubane lombani. Ukuze ushwabadele, isidumbu sidwenguliwe, i-chelicera iyasixova. Bese ukudla kumanziswa ngejusi lokugaya bese kumuncwa isifutho sikasawoti.
Ngemuva kokudla, isisu sikhula ngosayizi omkhulu, injabulo yokuzingela iyancipha isikhashana. Labo abathanda ukugcina izicabucabu ezindaweni ezingama-terarium kufanele babheke inani lokudla, ngoba ama-phalanges angafa ngokudla ngokweqile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ukuhlangana kwamabili kwenzeka ngokwephunga lokuheha lowesifazane. Kodwa kungekudala i-salpuga, ethwala inzalo yayo emaqanda, iba nolaka kangangokuba ingadla umlingani wayo. Ukondliwa okuthuthukisiwe kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinsana esiswini.
Ku-mink eyimfihlo, elandela ukukhula kombungu, kuqala ukubekwa kwama-cuticles - amaqanda lapho izingane sezikhulile. Inzalo miningi: kusuka izindlalifa ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-200.
Amaqanda eSalpugi
Ezingxenyeni ezisikiwe, amawundlu awanyakazi, ngaphandle kwezinwele nezimpawu zokucacisa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, izingane ziba njengabazali bazo ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, zithole izinwele futhi ziqondise zonke izitho.
Amandla okuhamba ngokuzimela kancane kancane akhula abe ngumsebenzi womzimba. USalpuga phalanx ivikela abasha, iletha ukudla kuze kube yilapho inzalo iqina.
Alukho ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila sabamele i-arthropods. Imfashini yokuthola izidlova ezindaweni ezishubile ivele muva nje. Mhlawumbe ukubhekelwa eduze kwendawo yokuhlala ye-phalanx kuzovula amakhasi amasha encazelweni yalomuntu onesihlabathi wasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Intshisekelo yesilwane esingavamile ibonakala ekubukeni kwamaqhawe wegeyimu yekhompyutha, izithombe ezesabekayo nezikhangayo. Ukuqhathanisa ne-solpuga uhlala ku-inthanethi. Kepha isicabucabu sangempela esidlayo singatholakala kuphela ezilwaneni zasendle.
