Ku-2017, abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi baseRussia babamba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-4 322 32,000 wezinsizakusebenza zamanzi. Ukubanjwa kufingqiwe eNyakatho, e-Azov-Black Sea, emigodini yaseCaspian, oLwandle iBaltic kanye nasezifundeni zase-Angola, eMorocco.
I-Russia inezindawo zokudoba eduze kwalezi zifundazwe. Kubalulekile ukwazi imithombo yemvelo yasemanzini, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, mathupha.
Hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi oluthathwa njengezentengiselwano
Izinhlanzi zokuhweba kuyinto yokubamba. Lokhu kungaba ukudoba kokuzithokozisa ngenhloso yokudla izilwane noma ukufaka umquba, ukwenza amafutha, izingubo nezikhwama.
Abantu baseNyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, benza izingubo, izikhwama, izicathulo esikhunjeni sabakhileyo emanzini. Cishe wonke umphathi wezivakashi wase-Evenk uyakwazi ukwenza ubuciko ngenhlanzi.
Kwahlwa sekuguqukile ukuzenzela izingubo ngesikhumba senhlanzi
Izinhlanzi ezibanjwa ngamabhizinisi ukuze zithengiswe ngezinga lezimboni nazo zithathwa njengezentengiselwano. Izingxenye zezinhlanzi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imithi, umanyolo ofanayo kanye namafutha ezobuchwepheshe.
Okunye ukudla okunikezwa abahlali bamanzi akulindelekile. Isibonelo, amaparele okwenziwa enziwa ngezikali.
Kuvela ukuthi ayikho ivolumu yokudoba ephansi. Uma inhlanzi engenayo intshisekelo kosomabhizinisi ivunwa ngokulandelana okulodwa, lolu hlobo luthathwa njengelokuhweba.
Izinga eliphezulu lokubamba libekwa minyaka yonke nguhulumeni, liphathelene namabhizinisi akhipha imali. Banesithakazelo ku izinhlanzi zokuhweba ezibalulekilengoba ukuthengisa kuyasebenza kwezomnotho. Futhi kuyadingeka:
- okufunwayo ezimakethe zasekhaya noma zakwamanye amazwe
- indlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi, noma usayizi wazo omuhle
- ukufinyelela abadobi ngokwendawo yokuhlala
Ngakho-ke, akunenzuzo, kuyasebenza, futhi kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuhlela ukubanjwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-benthic ezihlala ekujuleni kwezinkulungwane zamamitha futhi ezingakhuphukeli phezulu.
Izinhlanzi ezikhuphukela phezulu noma ezihlala ekujuleni ziyabanjwa. Lokhu akunikezi izindleko zokuhlelela le mboni yokudoba.
Uma izinhlanzi ezincane ezithengiswayo Kuyathakazelisa kosomabhizinisi kuphela ngempilo yesikole, lapho-ke imidondoshiya yamanzi nayo ibanjwa nesidleke. ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezentengiselwano kunenzuzo noma ngabe kunamaqiniso angawodwa wokuthwebula.
Hhayi kuphela ezasolwandle, kepha futhi nezinhlobo zemifula nezichibi ziyaziwa njengezentengiso. Bangakwazi:
- Ithole endle.
- Ukuzalela emapulazini ezinhlanzi.
Ukukhula gazinga ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa kuvumela ukugcina inani elizinzile labantu ababalulekile. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, ngama-sprats.
Ngo-2017, bavukuzwa emgodini we-Azov-Black Sea ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12 ngaphansi kuka-2016. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kwaqophelwa ezinye izinhlobo zezentengiselwano ngonyaka odlule.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle
Inani eliphelele lezinhlanzi emhlabeni liyizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Lezi zinsuku zifaka izinhlobo ezihlala isikhathi esiningi kweminye imizimba yamanzi, bese ziya kokunye.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle futhi uhlala futhi uzalela emanzini anosawoti. Izinhlobo zihlukanisiwe:
- kuma-pelagic ahlala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zolwandle
- ngezansi
- nangaphansi
Lezi zamuva zifaka, isibonelo, i-flounder. Inhlanzi ebomvu inamathela ngaphezulu.
Imayini izinhlanzi zezentengiselwano zolwandle izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokudoba:
1. Ngosizo lwayo, abadobi banquma izindawo zokuqongelela izinhlanzi, behlukanisa ezentengiselwano nezingezona ezentengiselwano.
2. Imvamisa ukuwisa kuphonswa osebeni noma kude nakho.
3. Linda amahora ambalwa bese ukhipha isitsha esigcwele gazinga.
4. Okusho ukuthi, umshini owodwa ungaphakamisa izinhlanzi eziyi-150 ungene.
5. Umthelela olimazayo wamanethiwekhi nezicupho uyakhishwa uma ulahlekile.
Ulwandle, njengezinye izinhlobo, luhlukaniswe phakathi imindeni yezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo... Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubamba ngekhanda impilo yasolwandle kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabo.
Amagama nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo
I-Sturgeon
Izinhlanzi zomndeni azinazo izikali futhi ziyasebenza. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona i-chord - uhlobo lwentambo ye-cartilage.
I-stellateon stellate
Ubizwa ngokuthi ngumama wama-sturgeon. Ubude be-stellate sturgeon bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4, enesisindo samashumi amakhilogremu.
Inani lama-stellate sturgeon libukelwa phansi yi-minnows. Ama-stellate sturateon ngokwawo, okwamanje, adla izibungu zomiyane, ama-crustaceans, nama-benthos. Ezinye izinhlanzi zidliwa yizilwane eziphindaphindwayo kuphela lapho ukudla okuyinhloko kuyindlala.
IBeluga
Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke etholakala emifuleni, ifinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5. Ngekhulu lama-21, ama-belugas anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-kilos angama-300 awavamile ukubanjwa.
I-beluga itholakala olwandle iCaspian nolumnyama, ibhukuda eDanube nasemifuleni i-Ural.
I-sturgeon yaseRussia neyaseSiberia
Izinhlobo zaseRussia zihlala oLwandle lwase-Azov. Amadamu neziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ophehla amanzi zikwenze kwaba nzima ukuthi izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinkulu, zifuduke.
I-sturgeon yaseSiberia iyinhlanzi yomfula. Abantu bancane kunabaseRussia, bakhula bafike kumamitha amabili ubude, bathola isisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200.
Spike
Kungumphumela wokuwela i-beluga, i-sturgeon, i-stellge sturateon. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsalela.
Le nhlanzi yaqanjwa igama ngenxa yezinhlaka ezime njengezigaxa ezigijima ngemuva. Isilwane sibuye sihlukaniswe namanye ama-sturgeon ngezimpondo ezisezindebeni ezingezansi.
Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
Ama-salmonid ane-adipose fin eduze komsila wawo. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi kukhona zombili izinhlanzi ezibomvu nezimhlophe phakathi kwabamele umndeni.
I-salmon yaseCaspian neBaltic
Izinhlobo zeCaspian zihlala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle iCaspian. Izinhlanzi zaseBaltic zihlala olwandle olumnyama nolwe-Aral.
I-salmon yeCaspian ingaba nesisindo esingama-kilograms angama-51, kepha imvamisa isisindo senhlanzi singama-10-13 kilos. Izinhlanzi zeBaltic zikhudlwana kancane.
Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
Ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe, kumane kubizwe ngokuthi izinhlanzi. Lapho zihlala enyakatho, inani lama-salmon lalilikhulu lapha kangangokuba kwabanjwa kuphela izinhlanzi ezibomvu. I-Salmon yondla abahlali, yabavumela ukuba bahlale emazweni anzima.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-salmon ibamba iphunga lomfula wabo womdabu, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-800. Ama-salmon angena emifuleni ukuze azale.
Chinook salmon
Kunambitheka njenge-salmon, kepha kunamafutha amancane. E-Oregano nase-Alaska, izinhlanzi zibhekwa njengophawu lukazwelonke.
I-chinook salmon nayo iyatholakala eRussia. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi isilwane sibizwa nge-salmon yasebukhosini.
Chum
Inhlanzi ebomvu, u-5% wakhiwa ngama-amino acid anamafutha. Ngakho-ke, izazi zokudla okunomsoco zeluleka uku-oda izitsha nge-chum emicimbini.
Njenge-salmon e-pink, i-chum salmon ifa ngemuva kokuzala. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abakulungele ukuzala kuphela eminyakeni engu-7-10 ubudala.
I-salmon ebomvana
Phakathi kwe-salmon, i-salmon epinki inenkani kakhulu futhi ayiqondakali kahle esikhaleni. Lokhu kudlala ezandleni zabazingeli ababamba i-salmon ebomvana ngezikhathi zesiyaluyalu.
Njengoba usolwandle, i-salmon ebomvana iyimpunga futhi cishe ayinayo i-backback. Umzimba uthatha umbala obomvu onsundu futhi ushintshe emifuleni, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuzala.
I-salmon ebomvu
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, iba bomvu ngokugqamile. Ama-anglers angenalwazi adida lezi zinhlobo.
I-salmon yeSockeye iyinhlanzi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bakhula baze bafike kubude obungamasentimitha angama-80, bathola isisindo esingamakhilogremu amane.
I-salmon ebomvu iba bomvu ngesikhathi sokuzala
Coho
Akuyona nje impunga, kepha i-sheen yensimbi ehlukile. Ikhula ibe yimitha ubude, isisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ayi-15.
Abantu baseRussia babiza i-coho salmon hhayi ngesiliva, kodwa i-salmon emhlophe. Inyama yenhlanzi ibomvu.
I-salmon yeChoho ibizwa nangokuthi i-salmon yesiliva
UNelma
Kuwuphawu lwe-ichthyofauna yaseSiberia. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zigxila emlonyeni wemifula egelezela olwandle.
INelma ayibhukudi ngale kweLwandle Olumhlophe iye entshonalanga. Izinhlanzi zibomvu futhi zinkulu, zifinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu ngobude, zithola isisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-50.
Inhlanzi emhlophe
Ivula uhlu lwama-salmonid anenyama emhlophe. Lokhu kwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo kudideke.
I-Whitefish yinde, iphansi, iyavuleka, kodwa ihlale ingenamazinyo. Yile ndlela abamele ngayo uhlobo bohlukile kwamanye ama-salmonid.
Omul
Kufakiwe ku- izinhlanzi ezinkulu zokuhweba IChibi iBaikal. Kukhona futhi i-European omul. Phakathi kwabamele i-European genus, abantu abangu-4-5 kg bavame kakhulu.
U-Omul unenyama ethambile, ekhuluphele, emhlophe. I-Non igcwele ama-acids namavithamini awusizo.
Ithrawuthi
Uhlobo luhlanganisa ama-salmon subspecies ayi-19. Omunye umfula trout welula uze ufike kumasentimitha angama-50.
Yonke i-trout inamandla futhi iyasebenza ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu. Ezinye zazo zipheshulwa ngumoya ovela ezimileni zasogwini.
Nciphisa
Izinhlanzi ze-salmon zokuhweba ngenyama emhlophe enuka okhukhamba omusha. Ngenxa yalokhu, iphunga lalibizwa ngabantu ngokuthi ikhukhamba. Izinhlanzi azihambi kude nazo.
I-Smallmouth, i-Asia ne-European smelt iyadotshwa eRussia. it izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayoevamise ukumba ngabezimboni. Abathengisi abazimele, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane be-smelt, bakhetha ukubamba izakhamuzi ezinkulu zamanzi.
Carp
Onke ama-cyprinids anemizimba emide, i-dorsal fin eyodwa. Iningi lamalungu omndeni aqinile, aphila emzimbeni ongena-oxygen, nemizimba yamanzi eqandayo.
Carp
Le nhlanzi ingamanzi angenasawoti, kodwa iyakwazi ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinobushelelezi ze-Azov neCaspian Seas. I-carp incamela izindawo ezigcwele ulwelwe notshani ngokuhamba kancane.
Umzimba we-carp umbozwe izikali ezinkulu nezinzima. Olunye uphawu olwehlukanisayo ngamaphara amabili ezimpondo odebeni olungaphezulu lwesilwane.
Carp
Ukuphakela njengezingulube. Ijubane lokuzuza nge-carp lifaniswa nokukhula kwezingulube, kanti inyama yenhlanzi inamafutha.
Igama lale nhlobo lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki "karpos", okusho ukuthi "isithelo". Insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda ayizigidi eziyi-1.5.
Bream
Ukuzwela ukubhekana nokumelana. Ungabamba i-bream usebenzisa okusanhlamvu, utshani, nesithiyelo esiphilayo.
Ngokungafani nama-cyprinids amaningi, i-bream iyazwela ukusuthiswa komoya-mpilo emanzini. Kukhona ithuba lokubamba i-bream enkulu, imvamisa igcina phansi.
I-Asp
Phakathi kwama-cyprinids, kuyisidalwa esaziwayo, kepha abantu bayasakazeka kulo lonke idamu, okwenza kube nzima ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo.
I-Asp ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90 ubude, ithola isisindo esingama-7 kilogram.
Roach
I-bream ayiqapheli kakhulu, ingabanjwa nganoma yikuphi ukubhekana ngaphandle kokukhetha isilingo. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-roach ngama-400 gram.
URoach uthanda imifula emikhulu namachibi ngamanzi avilaphayo. Lokhu kubamba kubambeka otshanini, izikhubekiso, kanye nolwelwe.
Vobla
Kucijwe emgodini weCaspian. Ngendlela eyomile, i-vobla ibhekwa njengesibiliboco sebhiya, ngakho-ke ibanjwa esikalini sezimboni.
Ebusika, i-vobla imbozwe amafinyila aminyene. Ufuna imfudumalo, i-carp iyagcwala ogwini lwamachibi.
I-herring
Umhlane we-herring uhlale umnyama, futhi isisu siyisilivere. Iphiko elilodwa liyabonakala ngemuva kwenhlanzi, futhi umsila unenothi eliphakeme.
Isifutho
Esiswini se-sprat kunezikali ezifana namameva. Ngokwengeziwe, i-keel ingeza ukuhleleka kwesilwane, kuthuthukise ukuhamba.
Ubude besilinganiso se-sprat ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngekhulu le-19, i-sprat ayizange idliwe ngasogwini lwaseNgilandi, kepha yathunyelwa ukugcwalisa amasimu, ngakho-ke kwaba nokubanjwa okukhulu.
Ama-sardine
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukubanjwa okukhulu kwalezi zinhlobo kwaqala eduze nesiqhingi saseSardinia. Ubude bufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-25.
Ihlukile kwamanye ama-herring sardine ezikalini ze-pterygoid ekugcineni komkhawulo we-caudal kanye nemisebe ephumayo yomhlonyane.
Tulle
Le herring encane. Idamu liyizintaba, liyabanda.
Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-tulka zihlala olwandle lweCaspian, Azov nolumnyama.
I-Atlantic, Pacific, iBaltic ne-Azov-Black Sea herring
I-Herring yaziwa njengezinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinhlanzi zentengiso ezisenyakatho ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40.
Ngokomlando, amakhambi athambekele ekufudukeni. Mhlawumbe namuhla okuthiwa amaCaspian, Azov kanye nezinhlanzi zoLwandle Olumnyama zizoshintsha amagama abo emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.
Ikhodi
Amaphiko ezinhlanzi asepectoral atholakala eduze noma phambi kwamaphiko e-ventral. Inomphetho owodwa we-anal kanye ne-dorsal fin engu-2 kuphela.
UHaddock
Uhlala emgodini we-Arctic Ocean. Ubude, abanye abantu bafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-75, kuyilapho isisindo sabo singama-4 kilograms.
Ubumnyama obumnyama be-haddock bukhanya nge-lilac. Isisu sinethoni yobisi lwesilwane. Kunezindawo ezimnyama ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Navaga
Igqame phakathi kwezinhlanzi ze-cod ngokwakhiwa kwayo okucebile, ilusizo kakhulu kwezempilo, kepha yintsha kuphela. Lapho kwehliswa, i-navaga ilahlekelwa yizinto ezibalulekile zokulandela umkhondo namavithamini.
Ubude obumaphakathi be-navaga ngamasentimitha angama-40. Ngaphandle nangokubaluleka kufana ne-pollock.
IBurbot
Ukuphela kwe-codfish ihlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Ibanjwa emigodini yezilwandle eziMnyama, iCaspian, iBaltic kanye neWhite.
Emifuleni yaseSiberia, ama-burbots akhethe iYenisei neSelenga.
Ikhodi
Uhlala emanzini abandayo. Babhekwa njengesibiliboco.
I-cod ivame ukushiwo uma kuxoxwa ngayo amagama ezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo... Ngakho-ke igama lesilwane.
I-Mackerel
I-Black sea mackerel
Inombala we-brindle, umzimba ominyene, ohlangene. Inyama yeMackerel icebile ngama-amino acid anamafutha. Ubude obujwayelekile babantu abamnyama oLwandle Olumnyama ngamasentimitha angama-50.
Ngobude besigamu semitha, i-mackerel inesisindo esingama-400 amagremu. Abantu baphambukela ezikoleni eziyizinkulungwane, okwenza kube lula ngabadobi ukuthi babambe.
I-Atlantic mackerel
Ikhuluphele futhi inkulu kunoLwandle Olumnyama. Abamele bezinhlobo ezisenyakatho belula amasentimitha angama-60, bathola isisindo esingama-1.6 kilograms.
AmaMackerels atheleka ngosayizi. Uma i-mackerel enkulu ibanjiwe, inhlanzi elandelayo ngokuqinisekile iyoba yindebe.
