Izilwane ezidla umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi zihlanganisa izinhlanzi, ukudla kwazo kubandakanya ezinye izakhamuzi zemizimba yamanzi, kanye nezinyoni nezinye izilwane. Umhlaba wezinhlanzi ezidlayo uhlukile: kusuka kuzinhlobonhlobo ezethusayo kuya kwezinhle ze-aquarium ezikhangayo Ihlanganisa ukuphatha kwabo umlomo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali okubamba inyamazane.
Isici sezilwane ezidla ezinye ukuhaha okungalawuleki, ukuminza ngokweqile. Ichthyologists qaphela ubuhlakani obukhethekile balezi zidalwa zemvelo, ubuhlakani. Umzabalazo wokusinda unikele ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ngawo izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye lidlula ngisho amakati nezinja.
Izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zasolwandle
Iningi lezinhlanzi zasolwandle zemindeni edla ezinye zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwalezi zindawo zezulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla imifino, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinegazi elifudumele ezidla izilwane.
Ushaka
Ubuholi obungenamibandela buyathatha izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ezidlayo ushaka, okukhohlisa kakhulu kubantu. Ubude besidumbu sayo bungamamitha ayi-11. Izihlobo zayo zezinhlobo ezingama-250 nazo zingaba yingozi, yize kuhlaselwe ngokusemthethweni ukuhlaselwa kwabamele imindeni yabo abangama-29. Okuphephe kakhulu yi-whale shark - i-giant, kuze kufike ku-15 m ubude, idla nge-plankton.
Ezinye izinhlobo, ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ngosayizi, ziyakhohlisa futhi ziyingozi. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-tiger shark;
- i-hammerhead shark (ekhanda ezinhlangothini kukhona iziqu ezinkulu ezinamehlo);
- ushaka mako;
- katran (inja yasolwandle);
- ushaka ompunga;
- isikali sikashaka onamabala.
Ngaphezu kwamazinyo abukhali, izinhlanzi zinemisipha enameva nesikhumba esiqinile. Ukusikeka namaqhubu kuyingozi njengokulunywa. Amanxeba abangelwa oshaka abakhulu ayabulala emacaleni angama-80%. Amandla emihlathi yezidalwa afinyelela ku-18 tf. Ngokulunywa, uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa umuntu abe yizicucu.
Amandla ayingqayizivele oshaka akuvumela ukuthi ubambe ukudlidliza kwamanzi komuntu obhukuda kude ngamamitha angama-200. Indlebe yangaphakathi ibhekiswe kuma-infrasound kanye namafrikhwensi aphansi. Umzingeli uzwa iconsi legazi ebangeni elingu-1-4 km. Umbono ulukhuni ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunabantu. Ijubane lokusheshisa ngemuva kwesisulu lifinyelela ku-50 km / h.
Moray
Bahlala emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi, bacashe emahlathini ezimila, ezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-3 m ngobukhulu obuyi-30 cm.Ukubamba okushesha njengombani lapho ulunywa kunamandla kangangokuba kuchazwa amacala okufa kwabatshuzi abangakadedelwe ekuhlanganyeleni okubulalayo. Abatshuzi be-Scuba bazi kahle ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwama-moray eels nama-bulldogs.
Umzimba ongenasikali ubukeka njengenyoka, okwenza kube lula ukufihla. Umzimba mkhulu kakhulu ngaphambili kunangemuva. Ikhanda elikhulu elinomlomo omkhulu ongavali neze.
UMoray eels uhlasela izisulu ezinkulu kakhulu kunaye. Iyazisiza ukubamba inyamazane ngomsila wayo futhi iyidwengule ibe yizicucu. Umbono wesilwane esidla ubuthakathaka, kepha umzwelo wemvelo uvala isikhala sokushoda lapho ulandela inyamazane.
Ama-Moray eels avame ukuqhathaniswa nokubanjwa yinja
I-Barracuda (sefiren)
Ubude balaba bantu, isesimweni esifana namapiki amakhulu, ifinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Umhlathi ongezansi wenhlanzi uphushelwa phambili, okwenza ukuthi wesabe kakhulu. Ama-barracudas esiliva ayazwela ezintweni ezikhanyayo nokudlidliza kwamanzi. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo ingaluma umlenze we-diver noma ibangele amanxeba anzima ukuphola. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuhlaselwa kubangelwa oshaka.
AmaBarracuda abizwa ngamahlosi asolwandle ngokuhlaselwa kwawo kungazelelwe namazinyo abukhali. Zondla ngayo yonke into, azideleli ngisho nabantu abanobuthi. Kancane kancane, ubuthi buthelelana emisipheni, okwenza inyama yenhlanzi ibe yingozi. Ama-barracudas amancane azingela ezikoleni, amakhulu - awodwa.
I-swordfish
Isidalwa sasolwandle esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude, sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-400-450 kg. Ukubukeka okuhlukile kwale nhlanzi kubonakala egameni lenhlanzi. Ukuphuma okude kwethambo lomhlathi ophezulu kufana nesikhali samasosha esakhiweni. Uhlobo lwenkemba efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude. Inhlanzi uqobo ibukeka njenge-torpedo.
Ibutho lesiteleka labaphethe inkemba lingaphezu kwamathani ayi-4. Ingena kalula ebhodini le-oki eliwugqinsi olungu-40 cm, ishidi lensimbi eliwugqinsi olungu-2.5 cm. Ijubane lokuhamba, naphezu kokumelana namanzi, lifinyelela ku-130 km / h. Lokhu kuyinkomba engavamile ephakamisa imibuzo ngisho naphakathi kwe-ichthyologists.
Indoda ephethe izinkemba igwinya inyamazane iphelele noma iyinqume ibe yizicucu. Ukudla kufaka izinhlanzi eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona ngisho noshaka.
I-Monkfish (i-European angler)
Umhlali wezansi uyanda. Linegama lalo ngenxa yokubukeka kwalo okungakhangi. Umzimba mkhulu, cishe u-2 metres ubude, unesisindo esifinyelela kuma-20 kg. Kuyamangaza umlomo obanzi, omise okwenhlendla ngomhlathi ongezansi ongeziwe namehlo asondele.
Ukuzifihla kwemvelo ngokuthembekile kufihla isidlakela ngenkathi kuzingelwa. Isiphetho eside ngaphezu komhlathi ophezulu sisebenza njengenduku yokudoba. Amagciwane aphila ekwakhekeni kwawo, okuyizithiba zezinhlanzi. I-angler kufanele ibheke inyamazane eseduze nomlomo wayo.
I-monkfish iyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu izikhathi eziningana kunayo. Kwesinye isikhathi inyukela phezulu emanzini futhi ibambe izinyoni esehlele olwandle.
Angler
I-Sargan (inhlanzi yomcibisholo)
Ngokubukeka, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezifundiswayo zingadideka kalula nezinhlanzi zenaliti noma ipiki. Umzimba wesiliva unabile ngamasentimitha angama-90. USargan uhlala eduze kwamanzi olwandle oluseningizimu nasenyakatho. Imihlathi emide, emincane iphumela phambili. Amazinyo mancane futhi abukhali.
Idla nge-sprat, i-mackerel, i-gerbil. Ekuphishekeleni isisulu, kwenza ukweqa okusheshayo phezu kwamanzi. Isici esivelele senhlanzi umbala oluhlaza wamathambo.
USargan, inhlanzi enamathambo aluhlaza okotshani
I-Tuna
Umzingeli omkhulu wesikole ovamile e-Atlantic. Isidumbu sifinyelela kumamitha ama-4, sinesisindo samathoni ayisigamu. Umzimba omise okokuphotha uguqulwa ukuhamba okude nokusheshayo, kuze kufike ku-90 km / h. Ukudla kwesilwane esidala kufaka ama-mackerels, ama-sardine, izinhlobo zama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans. I-veal yasolwandle yaseFrance ebizwa nge-tuna sea inyama ebomvu kanye nokufana kokunambitheka.
Inyama ye-tuna inezimfanelo eziphakeme eziwusizo nezokunambitheka
Pelamida
Ukubukeka kufana ne-tuna, kepha ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buncane kakhulu. Ubude abudluli kuma-85 cm, isisindo esingu-7 kg. Ingemuva libhekene nemivimbo ye-oblique, i-blue tint. Isisu siyakhanya. Imihlambi yebhonito ihlala eduze kwamanzi futhi idle inyamazane encane: ama-anchovies, ama-sardine.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezidlayo ihlukaniswa ukuminza okungaphezu kokuvamile. Kutholakale izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-70 kumuntu oyedwa.
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Umzingeli wesikole osayizi ophakathi nendawo. Inhlanzi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-15 kg, ubude - kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-110. Umbala womzimba onombala oluhlaza okotshani ngemuva, isisu esimhlophe. Umhlathi ongaphambili ugcwele amazinyo amakhulu.
Isikole siqoqa amakhulu abantu, abahamba ngokushesha bahlasele izinhlanzi ezincane nezisemaphakathi. Ukusheshisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhipha umoya emigodini. Ukubamba inhlanzi edla ezinye kudinga ikhono lokudoba.
I-croaker emnyama
Umzimba omunyulisiwe wenhlanzi edlayo ephakathi nendawo wanikeza igama lawo ezinhlotsheni. Isilayidi sinesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg, ubude obufinyelela kuma-cm 70. Ngemuva ku-blue-violet okunoshintsho oluba segolide ezinhlangothini zesidumbu. Kuhlala emanzini asezansi nolwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov. Ama-Gerbils, ama-molluscs, nama-atherin ayangena.
I-croaker ekhanyayo
Okukhulu kunozakwabo omnyama, isisindo esifinyelela ku-30 kg, ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Ngemuva kunsundu. Isimo somzimba sigcina isigaxa saso sesici. Isici esiphawulekayo yi-tendril ewugqinsi ngaphansi kwendebe engezansi. Wenza imisindo yokuduma. Akuvamile. Ukutholakala kokudla kufaka phakathi imfanzi, izinkalankala, inhlanzi encane, izibungu.
ILavrak (impisi yasolwandle)
Abantu abakhulu bakhula bafike kumitha elilodwa ubude futhi bathole isisindo esifinyelela ku-12 kg. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe unombala womnqumo ngemuva nosilika ezinhlangothini. Ku-operculum kunendawo emnyama emnyama. Umzingeli ugcina ukushuba kwamanzi olwandle, adla i-horse mackerel, i-anchovy, ayibambe ngejezi ayimunce ngomlomo. AmaJaji ahlala emhlambini, abantu abakhulu - ngamunye ngamunye.
Igama lesibili lenhlanzi ama-sea bass, atholakala ebhizinisini lokudlela. Umzingeli ubizwa ngokuthi ama-sea bass, i-sea pike perch. Lokhu kuhluka kwamagama kungenxa yokubanjwa okubanzi nokuthandwa kohlobo.
I-Rock perch
Inhlanzi encane, efinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, enomzimba oswakemeziwe, onemibala enombala onsundu ngokuthuthela phakathi kwemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Ukushaywa imivimbo ewolintshi kuhlobisa izindawo zekhanda nezamehlo. Izikali ezinemibhalo. Umlomo omkhulu.
Umzingeli ugcina ogwini ezindaweni ezifihlekile phakathi kwamatshe namatshe. Ukudla kufaka izinkalankala, imfanzi, izibungu, izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezincane. Ukuhlukahluka kwalezi zinhlobo kukukhula ngasikhathi sinye kwezindlala zokuzala zabesilisa nabesifazane, ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho. Itholakala ikakhulu oLwandle Olumnyama.
Esithombeni, ibhakede lamatshe
I-Scorpion (i-Sea ruff)
Inhlanzi engezansi yokudla. Umzimba, ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini, uhlukile futhi uvikelwe ngameva nezinqubo zokufihla. Isilo sangempela esinamehlo aqhumayo nezindebe ezijiyile. Igcina emahlathini asogwini, kungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-40, ilala ezindaweni ezijulile.
Kunzima kakhulu ukukuqaphela ngezansi. Ku-fustder base crustaceans, ama-greenfinches, i-atherina. Ayijahi ukuthola isisulu. Ukulinda ukuthi isondele uqobo lwayo, bese kuthi ngokujikijela ikubambe emlonyeni. Kuhlala emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov, iPacific kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean.
Iphutha (galea)
Inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo eyi-25-40 cm ubude nomzimba oyi-oblong wombala ongcolile onesikali esincane kakhulu. Isidalwa esingezansi, sichitha isikhathi esihlabathini emini futhi sizingela ebusuku. Kuma-molluscs wokudla, izikelemu, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane. Izici - ezinhlakeni zamathambo okhalo esilevini nasisesinyeni esikhethekile sokubhukuda.
Ikhodi yase-Atlantic
Abantu abakhulu abangafika ku-1-1.5 m ubude, benesisindo esingu-50-70 kg. Ihlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, yakha inqwaba yama-subspecies. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani ngombala womnqumo, amabala ansundu. Ukudla kusekelwe ku-herring, capelin, Arctic cod, kanye nase-mollusks.
Ama-juveniles abo kanye nama-congener amancane baya kudla. Ikhodi yase-Atlantic ibonakala ngokufuduka kwezikhathi ezithile ngamabanga amade angafika ku-1,500 km. Inqwaba yama-subspecies aguqulelwe ukuhlala olwandle olunamanzi.
Ikhodi yasePacific
Ihluka ngesimo esikhulu sekhanda. Ubude obumaphakathi abudluli ku-90 cm, isisindo ngama-25 kg. Uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Ukudla kufaka i-pollock, navaga, imfanzi, i-octopus. Ukuhlala phansi echibini kuyisici.
Inhlanzi eyikati
Ummeleli wasolwandle we-genus perchiformes. Leli gama lisuselwa kumazinyo angaphambili anjengezinja aphuma emlonyeni. Umzimba ufana ne-eel, ungafika ku-125 cm ubude, isisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-18-20 kg.
Ihlala emanzini abandayo, eduze kwamatshe, lapho kutholakala khona ukudla kwayo. Ekuziphatheni, inhlanzi inolaka ngisho nasezizalweni. Ekudleni kwe-jellyfish, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo, ama-molluscs.
I-salmon ebomvana
Omele i-salmon encane, enobude obumaphakathi obungu-70 cm.Indawo yokuhlala ye-salmon ebomvana ibanzi: izifunda ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific, ukungena ku-Arctic Ocean. I-salmon e-Pink imele izinhlanzi ezinama-anadromous ezivame ukuzala emanzini amasha. Ngakho-ke, ama-salmon amancane ayaziwa kuyo yonke imifula yaseNyakatho Melika, ezwekazini lase-Asia, eSakhalin nakwezinye izindawo.
Inhlanzi ibizwa nge-dorsal hump. Imivimbo emnyama ibonakala emzimbeni wokuzala. Ukudla kusekelwe kuma-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane, gazinga.
U-Eel-pout
Umhlali ongavamile ogwini lweBaltic, White kanye neBarents Seas. Inhlanzi engezansi ekhetha isihlabathi esimbozwe ulwelwe. Ukubambelela okukhulu. Ingalinda umsinga phakathi kwamatshe omanzi noma icashe emgodini.
Ukubukeka kufana nesilwane esincane, size sibe ngamasentimitha angama-35.Ikhanda likhulu, umzimba uthinta umsila obukhali. Amehlo makhulu futhi aphumele ngaphandle. Amaphiko wepectoral afana nabalandeli ababili. Isikali esifana nesesibankwa, hhayi ukugqagqana nesiseduze. Ukudla kudla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-gastropods, izibungu, izibungu.
U-brown (umugqa wesishiyagalombili) rasp
Kutholwe kuzindawo ezinamadwala asogwini lwePacific. Igama likhuluma ngombala onamabala aluhlaza nansundu. Enye indlela yatholwa ngomdwebo onzima. Inyama iluhlaza okotshani. Ekudleni, njengezilwane eziningi ezidlayo, ama-crustaceans. Kunezihlobo eziningi emndenini wamajikijolo:
- IsiJapane;
- I-rasp kaSteller (enamabala);
- okubomvu;
- umugqa owodwa;
- ithiphu eyodwa;
- eside-eside nabanye.
Amagama ezinhlanzi ezidlayo zivame ukudlulisa izici zazo zangaphandle.
Isicwebezelisi
Kutholakala emanzini afudumele asogwini. Ubude be-flatfish bungu-15-20 cm.Ngokubukeka kwayo, isicwebezelisi siqhathaniswa ne-flounder yomfula, sivumelaniswa nokuhlala emanzini anosawoti ahlukahlukene. Idla ukudla okuphansi - ama-molluscs, izibungu, ama-crustaceans.
Izinhlanzi ezicwebezelayo
IBeluga
Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, le nhlanzi ingenye yezihlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Umhlobo lo ubhalwe kuRed Book. Isici sokwakheka kwamathambo sisesandleni sokuqina se-cartilaginous, ukungabikho kwama-vertebrae. Usayizi ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-4 futhi unesisindo esisuka ku-70 kg kuye ku-1 ton.
Kwenzeka olwandle iCaspian nolumnyama, ngesikhathi sokuzala - emifuleni emikhulu. Umlomo obanzi obanzi, umlomo ojiyile okweqile, izimpondo ezinkulu ezi-4 zivela ku-beluga. Ukuhluka kwezinhlanzi kulele isikhathi eside, iminyaka ingafinyelela ikhulu.
Idla izinhlanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kwakha izinhlobo ze-hybrid ezine-sturgeon, i-stellate sturgeon, i-sterlet.
I-Sturgeon
Umzingeli omkhulu ongafika kumamitha ayi-6 ubude. Isisindo sezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo silinganiselwa ku-13-16 kg, yize imidondoshiya ifinyelela kuma-700-800 kg. Umzimba uvuleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezikali, umbozwe imigqa yeziqu zamathambo.
Ikhanda lincane, umlomo ungezansi. Yondla ngezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic, inhlanzi, ezinikezela ngokudla okungamaprotheni angama-85%. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi nezikhathi zokondla kahle. Kuhlala imizimba yamanzi anosawoti namanzi angenasawoti.
I-stellateon stellate
Ukubukeka kwesici ngenxa yekhala elihlanganisiwe, elifinyelela kuma-60% wobude bekhanda. I-stellate sturgeon ingaphansi ngosayizi kwenye i-sturgeon - isisindo esilinganiselwe senhlanzi singama-7-10 kg kuphela, ubude buyi-130-150 cm. Njengezihlobo zayo, yisibindi eside phakathi kwezinhlanzi, siphila iminyaka engama-35-40.
Uhlala eCaspian nase-Azov Seas ngokufudukela emifuleni emikhulu. Isisekelo sokudla ngama-crustaceans, izibungu.
I-Flounder
Isidalwa sasolwandle singahlukaniswa kalula ngumzimba waso oyisicaba, amehlo asohlangothini olulodwa, kanye nomphetho oyindilinga. Unezinhlobo ezicishe zibe ngamashumi amane:
- okwenziwe ngenkanyezi;
- opera ophuzi;
- i-halibut;
- i-proboscis;
- okuqondile
- ikhala elide, njll.
Kusatshalaliswe kusuka e-Arctic Circle kuya eJapan. Ishintshwe ukuze iphile phansi kudaka. Izingela endaweni yokuqamekela ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimps, izinhlanzi ezincane. Uhlangothi olubonwayo luhlukaniswa ngokulingisa. Kepha uma wesabisa i-flounder, ivele isuke phansi ngokungazelelwe, ibhukude iye endaweni ephephile bese ilala ohlangothini olungaboni.
Ukudiliza
Isidalwa esikhulu sasolwandle esivela emndenini wamahhashi i-mackerel. Itholakala oLwandle Olumnyama, Olwandle iMedithera, empumalanga ye-Atlantic, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Indian Ocean. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha amabili ngokunesisindo esifinyelela kuma-50 kg. Impango yokudonswa yi-herring, ama-sardine kukholamu lamanzi nama-crustaceans ezingqimbeni ezingezansi.
Okumhlophe
Inhlanzi yokudla isikole enomzimba owonakele. Umbala ompunga, ngemuva kunombala onsomi. Itholakala eKerch Strait, oLwandle Olumnyama. Uthanda amanzi abandayo. Ekuhambeni kwe-hamsa, ungalandela ukuvela kokumhlophe.
Isiswebhu
Kuhlala emanzini asogwini e-Azov naseLwandle Olumnyama. Kuze kube ngu-40 cm ubude futhi kube nesisindo esifinyelela ku-600 g. Umzimba uyacabalele, uvame ukumbozwa ngamabala. Ama-gill avulekile akhulisa usayizi wekhanda elingenasikali futhi asabise izilwane ezidlayo. Phakathi kwenhlabathi enamadwala nesihlabathi, izingela ngezimfanzi, izimbaza, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Izinhlanzi ezidla imifula
Abadobi bazi kahle izilwane ezidla amanzi angenasawoti. Lokhu akukhona nje ukudotshwa komfula okuthengiswayo, okwaziwa ngabapheki kanye nabesifazane bemizi. Indima yezakhamizi ezinesibindi zamachibi ekudleni ukhula olunenani eliphansi nabantu abagulayo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezidlayo yenza uhlobo oluthile lokuhlanza kahle imizimba yamanzi.
Chub
Isakhamuzi esihle kakhulu samachibi aseCentral Russian. Umhlane oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, izinhlangothi zegolide, umngcele omnyama eceleni kwesikali, amaphiko e-orange. Sithanda ukudla inhlanzi ethosiwe, izibungu, ama-crustaceans.
I-Asp
Inhlanzi ibizwa ngehhashi ngokugxuma kwayo ngokushesha emanzini nokuwa okuyisithulu kwisisulu sayo. Ukushaywa okunomsila nomzimba kunamandla amakhulu kangangokuba inhlanzi encane iqhwa. Abadobi babiza umhlaseli ngokuthi umfula i-corsair. Uzigcina ekude. Isisulu esiyinhloko se-asp kuyinto emnyama entanta ebusweni bemizimba yamanzi. Kuhlala amadamu amakhulu, imifula, izilwandle zaseningizimu.
Inhlanzi eyikati
Umzingeli omkhulu kunabo bonke ngaphandle kwesikali, ofinyelela kumamitha ama-5 ubude no-400 kg ngesisindo. Indawo eyintandokazi - amanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia.Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-catfish yi-shellfish, inhlanzi, izakhamuzi ezincane zamanzi ahlanzekile nezinyoni. Uzingela ebusuku, uchitha usuku emigodini, ngaphansi kwezihibe. Ukubamba i-catfish kungumsebenzi olukhohlisayo njengoba umhlaseli enamandla futhi ehlakaniphile
Pike
Isidalwa sangempela emikhubeni. Uphonsa konke, ngisho nasezihlotsheni. Kepha okuncamelayo kunikezwa i-roach, i-crucian carp, i-rudd. Ayithandi i-prickly ruff ne-perch. Kuyabanjwa futhi kulindwe ngaphambi kokugwinya lapho isisulu sehlile.
Izingela amaxoxo, izinyoni, amagundane. I-pike ihlukaniswa ngokukhula kwayo okusheshayo nengubo enhle yokufihla. Ikhula ngokwesilinganiso kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1.5 bese inesisindo esifinyelela ku-35 kg. Kwesinye isikhathi kunemidondoshiya ngokuphakama komuntu.
UZander
Isidlakela esikhulu semifula emikhulu futhi ehlanzekile. Isisindo senhlanzi yemitha sifinyelela ku-10-15 kg, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Kutholakala emanzini olwandle. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, umlomo we-pike perch ne-pharynx mincane, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezincane zisebenza njengokudla. Igwema amahlathi ukuze ungabi isisulu sepiki. Uyasebenza ekuzingeleni.
I-pike perch perch edliwayo
IBurbot
I-Burbot isakazeke kakhulu emigodini yemifula esenyakatho, amadamu wezindawo ezipholile. Usayizi wesilwane esidlayo imitha eli-1, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-5-7 kg. Ukuma kwesici esinekhanda nomzimba ophahlazekile kuhlala kubonakala njalo. I-Antenna esilevini. Okuhlaza okumpunga okunemivimbo namabala. Isisu esimhlophe esimenyezelwe.
Ukuhaha futhi okunganeliseki ngokwemvelo, kudla ipiki ngaphezulu. Naphezu kwendlela yokuphila ye-benthic nokubukeka okuvilaphayo, ibhukuda kahle. Ukudla kufaka i-gudgeon, i-perch, i-ruff.
Sterlet
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezidlayo. Osayizi abajwayelekile bangama-2-3 kg, 30-70 cm ubude.Ihlala emifuleni iVyatka neKilmez. Esikhundleni sezikali, izinhlanzi zinezivikelo zamathambo. I-Sterlet yaqanjwa ngegama lasebukhosini ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle. Ukubukeka kuyamangalisa
- ikhala elincane elincane;
- udebe oluphansi lwe-bipartite;
- amadevu amade aneziphetho;
- izihlangu eziseceleni.
Umbala uncike endaweni yokuhlala, kuyimpunga, nsundu nge-tinge ephuzi. Ingxenye ye-ventral ihlale ilula. Idla izibungu zezinambuzane, izikelemu zegazi, izingwe, izinhlumba, izinhlanzi ezizii-caviar.
Mpunga
Izinhlanzi zemifula ezidlayo usayizi omncane. Umuntu angafika ku-35-45 cm ubude angaba nesisindo esingaba ngu-4-6 kg. Imifula namachibi aseSiberia anamanzi amsulwa kakhulu, anomoya-mpilo, adume ngezibonelo zawo ezinhle. Itholakala emachibini ase-Urals, eMongolia, ezwekazi laseMelika.
Umzimba olengisiwe onesikali esikhanyayo ngemuva umnyama, kanti izinhlangothi ezikhanyayo ziphonswe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isiphetho sangemuva esikhanyayo nesikhulu sihlobisa ukubukeka. Amehlo amakhulu ekhanda elincanyana anikeza ukuvezwa kobuhle bomfula.
Ukungabi khona kwamazinyo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo akuwavimbeli ukuba ondle izinhlanzi, izimbungu, izinambuzane, ngisho nezilwane ezibhukuda emanzini. Ukuhamba nesivinini kuvumela impunga ukuthi igxume iphume emanzini iphishekela inyamazane, ibabambe endizeni.
IBersh
Umzingeli waziwa kuphela eRussia. Kubukeka njenge-pike perch, kepha kukhona umehluko ngombala, ukuma kwekhanda, nosayizi we-fin. Uhlala eVolga, amadamu ezifunda eziseningizimu. Indlela yokuphila engezansi inquma ukudla kwama-crustaceans, minnows, nezinhlanzi ezisencane.
Izinduna
Izinhlanzi zifana nenyoka kangangokuba bambalwa ababa nesibindi sokuzibamba. Umzimba oguquguqukayo ugcwele amafinyila. Ikhanda elincane elinamehlo lihlanganiswe nomzimba. Isisu siphaphathekile ngokungafani nesinqe esimnyama nezinhlangothi eziluhlaza ngokunsundu. Ebusuku, i-eel izingela iminenke, ama-newt, amaxoxo.
I-Arctic omul
Kutholakala kuyo yonke imifula esenyakatho. Izinhlanzi ezincane zesiliva - kufika ku-40 cm no-1 kg wesisindo. Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi enamazinga ahlukahlukene kasawoti. Idla ama-pelagic gobies, izibungu, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla kukholamu lamanzi.
I-pinina (inhlanzi yondlunkulu, inhlanzi yesigaxa)
Ukubukeka kufana nebhola eliqhumayo. Umzimba ojiyile, ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini, nesisu esisicaba. Isiphetho esingemuva sifana nommango wethambo. Ukubhukuda okungalungile. Ihlala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-200 emanzini abandayo oLwandlekazi iPacific. Ziphila ngokudla i-jellyfish, ctenophores, benthic invertebrate.
Izinhlanzi ezidla amachibi
Phakathi kwabahlali bamachibi, kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezijwayelekile ezivela emadamini omfula. Emlandweni omude, izihlobo zezinhlobo eziningi sezizinze ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Ithrawuthi
Umhlali ohlala ekujuleni kwamachibi aseLadoga nase-Onega. Ikhula ize ifike ku-1 m ubude. Izinhlanzi zesikole zinwetshiwe, zacindezelwa kancane. Izinhlobo zothingo lwenkomo zikhuliswa emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Isilwane sithanda ukujula, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-100. Umbala uncike endaweni yokuhlala. Imvamisa imbozwa ngamabala amnyama, lapho ibizwa khona ngokuthi i-pestle. Umugqa obomvu we-Violet unikeza imibala ekhanyayo.
Sithanda ukuma endaweni engalingani, izindawo zokukhosela phakathi kwamatshe, izingqinamba. Idla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ze-benthic, izibungu zezinambuzane, amabhungane, amaxoxo nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Inhlanzi emhlophe
Umhlali wamachibi ajulile eKarelia naseSiberia ngamanzi apholile. Umzimba ohlangene, ocindezelweyo onesikali esikhulu. Isisindo somuntu omkhulu asidluli ku-1.5 kg. Ikhanda elincane elinamehlo amakhulu, umlomo omncane. Ekudleni kwezibungu, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks.
IBaikal omul
Uhlala emanzini acebile oksijini. Uncamela izindawo zokuxhuma nemifula emikhulu. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe onesikali esihle. I-brownish eluhlaza emuva nge-sheen yesiliva. Izinhlanzi zesikole zincane, zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-800 g, kepha kukhona abantu abakhulu, abaphindwe kabili kunokujwayelekile.
I-perch ejwayelekile
Isidlakela se-lacustrine esinomzimba oval kanye nezinhlangothi ezicindezelwe. Ukudla kufaka phakathi ukuthosa kwamanzi angenasawoti kanye nokuzingela okukhulu. Ekuphishekeleni, uyasebenza, aze agxume aphume emanzini ekuphishekeleni ukugembula. Bayizidlakudla futhi banobugovu njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kwesinye isikhathi ayikwazi ukugwinya, igcina inyamazane emlonyeni.
Ukudla akuthandayo yi-caviar kanye ne-juveniles, akanasihe enzalweni yakhe. Umphangi wangempela wemifula namachibi. Ukucasha ekushiseni emahlathini. Ngokulandela inyamazane, inyukela phezulu emanzini, yize ikuthanda ukujula.
URotan
Enhlanzini encane, engadluli ku-25 cm ngosayizi, ikhanda liyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude obuphelele. Umlomo onamazinyo amancane mkhulu kakhulu. Izingela ifry, izikelemu, izinambuzane. Izikali zimnyama ngombala.
I-Alpine char
Inhlanzi enomlando wasendulo kusuka e-Ice Age. Ubukhulu bomzimba oboshiwe bufinyelela ku-70 cm ubude no-3 kg ngesisindo. Ekudleni kwama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane. Kuhlala ekujuleni kwamachibi aseYurophu.
Ruff ezejwayelekile
Umbala wezinhlanzi uncike echibini: emachibini anodaka kumnyama, emachibini anesihlabathi kulula. Kunamabala amnyama emaphikweni. Umhlali oluhlaza okotshani uhambisana nentende yesandla sakho. Ukubukeka kokuzijabulisa okungathobekile. Ijwayela kahle izindawo ezimnyama. Kujwayela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila.
I-sculpin ejwayelekile
Umhlali wamachibi apholile. Uthanda indawo enamadwala enezindawo zokukhosela ngenxa yobunzima bokuhamba. Emini iyacasha, kuthi ebusuku izingele izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi nezinambuzane ezingomakhelwane echibini. Umbala we-variegated wenza umhlaseli angabonakali phansi.
I-Tench
Igama litholakale ngokwazi "molt", i.e. ukushintsha kombala emoyeni. Izinhlanzi ezidla amachibi umndeni wama-cyprinids embozwe ngamafinyila.Umzimba ujiyile, uphakeme, unesikali esincane. Umsila awunawo umsele wesici.
Amehlo abomvu-orange. Isisindo senhlanzi ku-70 cm sifinyelela ku-6-7 kg. Okuhlobisa i-tench yegolide ngamehlo amnyama. Inhlanzi i-thermophilic. Isisekelo sokudla okunomsoco singenamgogodla.
Amia
Kuhlala amadamu amadaka amachibi, imifula egeleza kancane. Ikhula ngobude obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90. Umzimba ovulekile unombala onsundu ngokumpunga ngekhanda elikhulu. Idla izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-amphibians. Uma idamu loma, lizimbela phansi futhi lilale ubusika. Iyakwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo emoyeni isikhathi esithile.
Izinhlanzi ezidliwayo zasemanzini
Izilwane ezizalisayo e-aquarium zigcwele ubunzima obuthile, yize izinhlobo eziningi zingenalo ulaka, zihlala ngokuthula nezinye izakhamizi. Ngokuzalwa izinhlanzi ezidla izilwane zasolwandle kusuka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kepha okulandelayo kuyabahlanganisa:
- isidingo sokudla okuphilayo (inyama);
- ungakubekezeleli ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa emanzini;
- isamba esikhulu semfucuza ephilayo.
Ama-aquariums adinga ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuhlanza. Ukwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kumapharamitha wamanzi kubanga isimilo esinolaka, bese uthola yinhlanzi edlayo, akunzima. E-aquarium, ukufuna okuvulekile kwabantu ababuthakathaka nabathule kuzoqala. Abahlaseli be-Scaly bafaka izinhlobo eziningi ezaziwayo.
TOi-piranha evulekile
Akuzona zonke izithandani ezingalokotha ziqale lesi sigebengu ngomhlathi ovevezayo nangemigqa yamazinyo abukhali. Umsila omkhulu usiza ukusheshisa ngemuva kokudla kanye nokulwa nezihlobo. Umzimba o-Steel-grey ngembudumbudu, isisu esibomvu.
Kunconywa ukuthi uhlale emhlambini (ama-10-20 specimens) ku-aquarium yezinhlobo. Isigaba sabaphathi sithatha ukuthi abantu abanamandla kakhulu bathola izihlanganisi ezihamba phambili. Kuzodliwa izinhlanzi ezigulayo. Ngokwemvelo, ama-piranhas adla ngisho nokufa, ngakho-ke ayamelana nezifo. Ukudla izinhlanzi eziphilayo, izimbaza, imfanzi, izikelemu, izinambuzane.
I-Polypterus
Kubukeka kusongela, yize isilwane kulula ukusigcina. Isimo esifana nezinduna esifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani. Kudinga ukufinyelela emoyeni. Idla izingcezu zenyama, ama-molluscs, izikelemu zomhlaba.
I-Belonesox
Izidalwa ezincane azesabi ukuhlasela ngisho nezinhlanzi ezilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi ama-pike amancane. Umbala onsundu onsundu onamabala amnyama afana nolayini. Ukudla kufaka ukudla okuphilayo okuvela ezinhlanzini ezincane. Uma i-belonesox iphakelwa, khona-ke inyamazane izophila kuze kube semini elandelayo.
Ama-tiger bass
Inhlanzi enkulu enombala ohlukile uze ufike kumasentimitha angama-50. Isimo somzimba sifana nekhanda lomcibisholo. Umphetho ngemuva udlulela emsileni, okunikeza ukushesha ekuphishekeleni inyamazane. Umbala uphuzi ngemigqa emnyama ehlukanisiwe. Ukudla kufanele kufake imisundu yegazi, imfanzi, imisundu.
UCichlid Livingstone
Kuvidiyo yezinhlanzi ezidlayo kukhombisa indlela eyingqayizivele yokuqamekela ukuzingela. Bahlala esikhundleni senhlanzi efile futhi bame isikhathi eside ukuhlaselwa okungazelelwe kwesilwane esivele sivele.
Ubude be-cichlid bufinyelela ku-25 cm, umbala onamabala uyehluka ngemibala ephuzi-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umngcele obomvu-olintshi ugudla emaphethelweni amaphiko. E-aquarium, ukudla kuphakelwa ngezingcezu zemfanzi, inhlanzi, izibungu. Awukwazi ukondla ngokweqile.
Izinhlanzi zezinja
Ukubukeka akuvamile, ikhanda elikhulu nokukhula emzimbeni kuyamangaza. Umhlali ophansi, ngenxa yokufihla, ucasha phakathi kweziqubu, izimpande, ulindele indlela isisulu sokuhlaselwa. E-aquarium, izondla ngemisundu yegazi, imfanzi, i-pollock noma enye inhlanzi. Uthanda okuqukethwe yedwa.
Inhlanzi yeLeaf
Ukujwayela okuhlukile kweqabunga eliwile. Ukufihla kusiza ekuqapheni inyamazane. Ubungako bomuntu abudluli kumasentimitha ayi-10. Umbala ophuzi onsundu usiza ukulingisa ukukhukhuleka kweqabunga eliwile lesihlahla. Kukhona izinhlanzi eziyi-1-2 ekudleni kwansuku zonke.
UBiara
Ifanele ukugcina kuphela kuma-aquariums amakhulu. Ubude babantu bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80. Isilwane sangempela esinekhanda elikhulu nomlomo ogcwele amazinyo abukhali. Amaphiko amakhulu esiswini anjengamaphiko. Idla kuphela izinhlanzi eziphilayo.
I-Tetra Vampire
Emvelweni we-aquarium, ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-30, emvelweni - ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-45. Amaphiko ezinqeni afana nezimpiko. Zisiza ukwenza amadeshi asheshayo wezilwane. Ekubhukudeni, ikhanda liyehliswa. Ekudleni, izinhlanzi eziphilayo zingashiywa zivuna izingcezu zenyama, izimbaza.
I-Aravana
Umele inhlanzi endala kunazo zonke efinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe onamaphiko akha ifeni. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukushesha ekuzingeleni, ikhono lokugxuma. Isakhiwo somlomo sikuvumela ukuthi ubambe inyamazane ebusweni bamanzi. Ungondla ku-aquarium ngemfanzi, inhlanzi, izibungu.
I-Trakhira (Terta-wolf)
Inganekwane ye-Amazon. Ukugcinwa kwe-Aquarium kuyatholakala kochwepheshe abanolwazi. Ikhula ize ifinyelele uhhafu wemitha. Umzimba ompunga, onamandla onekhanda elikhulu namazinyo abukhali. Inhlanzi ayidli kuphela ukudla okuphilayo, isebenza njengohlobo oluhlelekile. Idamu lokufakelwa londla imfanzi, izimbaza, izingcezu zezinhlanzi.
Ixoxo catfish
Isilwane esikhulu esinekhanda elikhulu nomlomo omkhulu. Izimpondo ezimfushane ziyaphawuleka. Umbala womzimba omnyama nesisu esimhlophe. Ikhula ize ibe ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ithatha ukudla okuvela ezinhlanzini ngenyama emhlophe, imfanzi, izimbaza.
I-Dimidochromis
Isidlakela esihle esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-orange. Kuthuthukisa isivinini, ukuhlaselwa ngemihlathi enamandla. Umzimba uyisicaba ezinhlangothini, umhlane unohlaka oluyindilinga, isisu silingana. Inhlanzi encane kunezilwane ngokuqinisekile iyoba ukudla kwayo. Imfucumfucu, izimbaza, izimbaza zongezwa ekudleni.
Zonke izinhlanzi ezidla izilwane zasendle kanye nokugcinwa kokuzenzela ziyizilwane ezidlayo. Ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezindawo eziphilayo kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo kudalwe yiminyaka eminingi yomlando nomzabalazo wokuphila endaweni yasemanzini. Ibhalansi yemvelo ibanikeza indima yokuhleleka, abaholi abanobuqili nobuhlakani, abangavumeli ukuphakama kwenhlanzi kadoti kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwamanzi.
