Ukubalwa kwezilwane zasendle ebusika kuqale eTatarstan. Imizila engu-1575 ichaziwe. Ubude babo budlula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16. Kulezi, ezingama-3312 zidlula ezweni lamahlathi.
Ukuqala komkhankaso kusuka ngoJanuwari 1 kumenyezelwe yiKomiti LoMbuso Yezinsizakusebenza Zezinto Zelizwe. Zingaphezu kuka-400 izinhlobo zama-vertebrate nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-270 ezihlala emahlathini aso. Izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezingama-60 ziyabhukuda emachibini eTatarstan.
Izilwane zasendle zaseTatarstan
Abadliwayo
Impisi
Emashumini ambalwa edlule, izimpisi zeriphabhulikhi zadutshulwa ngokwenqubomgomo yezwe. Abadliwayo babebhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombise ukuthi izimpisi ziyadingeka njengokuhleleka ehlathini.
Okokuqala, izilwane ezidla ezinye zibulala izilwane ezigulayo, isibonelo, izinyamazane. Lokhu kumisa ukusabalala kwesifo. Ama-virus wezisulu ngokuvamile awanabungozi kwizimpisi.
Ubuchopho bempisi buyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngobukhulu kunenja. Lokhu kukhombisa amandla amakhulu engqondo omdli wasendle.
Ermine
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lezi izilwane zasendle zaseTatarstan zaziziningi. Abazingeli abazingelwa minyaka yonke kusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezine kuya kwezingu-14. Ekhulwini lama-21, i-ermine iyatholakala futhi ivunwa kancane.
I-ermine ingeyomndeni weasel futhi iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Ngaphandle, isilwane sibukeka njenge-weasel. Isilwane sinobuciko, sishesha futhi sithule. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana ne-ermine kuyinhlanhla enhle. Isilo singagijima eceleni ngaphandle kokunakwa.
UMarten
Ugxuma ngobunyoninco usuka egatsheni uye egatsheni futhi uhamba ngobuciko emhlabathini. Umzingeli ufana nekati emikhubeni yalo. Kodwa-ke, izilo ziyizimbangi. Amakati amahlathi nama-martens bahlukanisa indawo yaseTatarstan ngaphandle kokungena endaweni yomncintiswano.
Izilwane ezinobuhlakani ziyathanda ukugibela emizini yabantu, zizitika ngamaqanda nezinkukhu. Ukubamba ama-martens kunzima. Abazingeli bavame ukunganakwa. Abalimi bathole indlela yokuphuma kugridi, engaphansi kwamandla kagesi amancane. Usabisa ama-martens, awashiye ephila.
U-Otter
Uncamela ukuhlala emifuleni yaseTatarstan. Akuvamile ukutholakala emachibini nasemachibini. Ngenkathi efudumele, ama-otter akhetha indawo yokuhlala unomphela. Ebusika, bangahamba amakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku. Indlala ikwenza unyakaze. Izilwane ezizingelayo zizulazula zifuna ukudla.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezizungezile, ukunikezwa kokudla, ama-otter angasebenza ubusuku nemini.
Iyavuleka
U-Elk
Kuhola umhlaba wezilwane waseTatarstan ngosayizi. Azikho izilwane ezinkulu kune-moose e-republic. Abesilisa bezinhlobo bathola ama-500 kg.
Njengoba i-moose eyodwa, i-moose ikhetha umlingani oyedwa. Ikakhulukazi abesilisa abakhulu abahlukile. Ukuzwa ukuphakama kwabo, ngasikhathi sinye bahlanganisa abesifazane abangama-2-3.
Roe
Abantu abazinzile bahlala ehlathini likaphayini i-Igimsky empumalanga yeTatarstan. Ambalwa amaqembu ahlala ezifundeni zase-Aznakaevsky nase-Almetyevsky.
Ingemuva lezinyamazane ze-roe li-arched kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama ku-croup yesilwane kukhulu kunokubuna.
Amagundane
I-steppe pestle
Igundane elincane lomndeni we-hamster. Ubude, isilwane singamasentimitha ayi-8-12. I-pestle isisindo esingama-gramu angama-35. Igundane linezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, amehlo enkinobho emnyama, uboya obumnyama obugijima ngemuva. Ithoni enkulu ye-pestle mpunga.
Izinambuzane zihlala emahlathini, zikhetha izindawo ezinamasimu alinywe kalula, njengomthetho, umhlaba omnyama. Igundane lihlala emigodini. Ukumba kubo phakathi kobumba obukhulu noma amatshe kunzima.
I-red vole
Inomsila omfishane. Ubude bayo abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha ama-4. Amanye ama-voles eTatarstan anemisila emikhulu. Isikhathi esiphelele segundane elibomvu cishe singamasentimitha ayi-12.
Kudoti wasehlathini, i-vole ebomvu ifuna amantongomane kaphayini. Kukhuphukela emasimini nasezivandeni, igundane lidla ukutshala. Uma usungene endlini, i-vole ihlanza ukudla.
I-hamster empunga
"Ukujikijela isitha phansi" - nansi indlela elihunyushwa ngayo igama elithi "hamster" lisuselwa olimini lwase-Austrian lasendulo. Abantu baqaphele ukuthi ukuze ithole ukudla, igundane ligobisa izingongolo ezinenhlamvu emhlabathini.
Ebusika, i-hamster empunga igcina ukudla okungafika kumakhilogremu angama-90. Isilwane asikwazi ukudla kakhulu, kodwa siqoqa ukudla okuzosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Lesi isiqinisekiso sempilo eyondlekile emakhazeni.
Amalulwane
Izikhumba zeNordic nezimbili
Lawa malulwane atholakala emayini yaseSarmanovo. Ithusi laligaywa ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba esikhathini esedlule. Manje amalulwane asezinzile ohlelweni lwamaphaseji-emihumeni.
Zombili izikhumba zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, zinesisindo esingu-8-14 amagremu. Kodwa-ke, uboya bamalulwane asenyakatho ngokufana nsundu. Esikhunjeni esinamathoni amabili, isifuba nesisu kukhanya, kanti emuva kunenhlabathi.
Iphathi enkulu kusihlwa
Isinda cishe amagremu angama-80. Ubuningi buwela ezandleni zamaphiko. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba, zinkulu kakhulu, zivuleka zivule cishe amasentimitha angama-50.
IVechernitsi ihlala emigodini yezihlahla ezindala. Ku "ndlu" eyodwa abantu aba-2-3 bayezwana.
Izinambuzane
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile
Uncamela amahlathi axubekile futhi ahlabayo eTatarstan. Lapha, izilwane zidla izinambuzane. Uthando lwe-hedgehog ngezithelo namakhowe luyinganekwane.
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile ingadla i-arsenic, i-hydrocyanic acid, i-mercuric chloride futhi iqhubeke iphila. Ubuthi obubulala abantu abenzi ngesilwane esincelisayo esinameva.
Incanyana engenamazinyo
I-bivalve mollusc. Isilwane sathola igama laso ngoba uhhafu wegobolondo laso awunazo izinothi. Lezi zinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, kuparele lebhali - enye i-bivalve mollusk. Izingxenye zegobolondo lazo zinemibhobho evala njengamazinyo ku-uziphu.
Ongenazinyo umhlali wamanzi ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile. Imbaza idinga umoya-mpilo omningi. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zikhetha amadamu agelezayo.
Izilwane zaseTatarstan ezifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book
UMuskrat
Kushiwo izinsalela ezilandelanayo ezavela ezigidini zeminyaka eyedlule futhi ezingazange zenze ushintsho olukhulu.
I-desman iyimvukuzane yamanzi. Umagazini i- "Vokrug Sveta" ubize lesi sidalwa esidla izinambuzane ngokuthi "umkhumbi-ngwenya ongaboni." Isilwane senzelwe ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukuthungatha amandla kazibuthe womhlaba.
I-desman, njengemvukuzane engaphansi komhlaba, ihamba ngaphandle kwamehlo ngaphansi kwamanzi
Inundu ethintekile
Kubukeka njengelulwane likaBrandt. I-bat yadideka naye kwaze kwaba ngo-1970. Njengoba bekhethe amalulwane njengohlobo olulodwa, izazi zezinyoni zakuphawula ukwanda kwawo. Kodwa-ke, eTatarstan, inani labantu lincane.
Ilulwane elinentshebe linesisindo esingaba amagremu ayi-10. Umphimbo wesilwane umbozwe izinwele ezibucayi. Lezi zinhlobo zezimpondo ezinikeza igundane ulwazi mayelana nesikhala, indlela yokuhamba ngendiza, kanye nendawo yezinto.
Ushan brown
Futhi nelulwane, kepha linezindlebe ezifana nonogwaja. Ubude bamagobolondo angaphandle bulingana nobude bomzimba wesilwane. Ungayibona emahlathini aconsayo nangamakhaza aseTatarstan. I-Ushan ayifakwanga kuphela ku-Red Book, kodwa nakwaseYurophu.
Ebusika, ilulwane elinsundu elinezindlebe ezinde lingena ebusika, njengebhere. Esikhundleni sokulala emgodini, igundane likhetha ukulenga endaweni eyimfihlo egatsheni.
I-chipmunk yase-Asia
Ummeleli wohlobo kuphela e-Eurasia, ungowomndeni wesikwele. Ihlukile kuma-squirrels we-chipmunks ngokuhamba nangemigqa emi-5 emnyama ngemuva. Umdwebo utholakala ngemuva kokubomvu kwe-ocher.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-25 zama-chipmunks, kepha zonke zihlala eMelika. Isizathu esiyisisekelo segama lohlobo lwe-Asia siyacaca. Abamele bayo bakhetha ihlathi ngemisedari kanye nemisedari emifushane. Kukuzindawo ezinjalo lapho isilwane kufanele sibhekwe khona eTatarstan.
Indawo yokulala
Kufakiwe hhayi kuphela ku- izilwane zeRed Book yaseTatarstankodwa futhi nohlu lwamazwe omhlaba lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Ngaphandle, i-dormouse incane futhi inomusa. Ubude besilwane abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-12. Azibandakanyi umsila omude, onesihlahla uma uqhathaniswa nomzimba. Linganisa cishe amasentimitha ayi-12.
Sonia Sonia akuyona ubusuku nemini. Isilwane sisebenza ebusuku. Isilwane silele emini.
Ijerboa enkulu
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibizwa ngokuthi unogwaja wehlathi oneminwe emihlanu, yize ungowokulandelana kwamagundane. Isilwane sinomsila omude nentshakaza yoboya obumhlophe ekugcineni. Ibhantshi alikhuli nge-pompom, kepha liyacaba. Lokhu kwenza umsila wejerboa ubukeke njengesigwedlo.
Isilwane naso siyabasebenzela. Lapho i-jerboa igxumela ngokucijile ohlangothini, umsila uphambukela kolunye uhlangothi. Kuyasiza ukugcina ibhalansi, ukushesha. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ama-jerboas amakhulu avame ukushiya ngaphansi kwamakhala ezilwane ezidlayo.
Ama-jerboas amakhulu ahlala emaqeleni nase-steppe ETatarstan. Izilwane ezisohlwini lweRed Book azigcini nje ngesibalo, kepha futhi azibonakali kubantu, ngoba basebusuku.
Ufudu iMarsh
Ubude besilwane bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-32. Ezingu-23 zazo zise-carapace. Umsila omude uphuma ngaphansi kwawo, njengesibankwa.
Ufudu lwamaxhaphozi yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile sase-Asia. Ngokuphambene negama lezinhlobo, abamele bayo bangahlala emachibini, emachibini, emiseleni, emigodini yezinkabi, emathafeni. Isimo esikhulu simi, noma amanzi agelezayo.
Ibhere elinsundu
E-Tatarstan, amabhere ahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-Kukmorsky naseSabinsky. Umhlobo lo ubhalwe encwadini yeRed Book ngemva kwemibango emide. Izazi zezilwane azivumelananga ngenombolo yabantu kanye nemibono ngesimo sabantu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-clubfoot yengezwe ohlwini, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, uma nje kungenzeka.
Igama le-clubfoot lakhiwa ngamagama amabili amaSlavic "uju" futhi "ngu". Ngamanye amagama, amabhere yizilwane ezidla amaswidi ezinyosi.
UMedyanka
Idla izibankwa. Njengoba zimbalwa zazo, kukhona namakhophi ambalwa. Izinyoka ezidla amaxoxo namagundane zinethuba lokuzala.
ICopperhead yehlukile kwezinye izinyoka ezinombala ompunga, amehlo abomvu. Kukhona nokukhanya okubomvu esikalini sabesilisa. Ijazi labesifazane linsundu.
Crested newt
Ummango ophakeme ugijima ngemuva kwesirhubuluzi. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Ngo-1553, lapho kutholakala lesi silwane, saqanjwa ngokuthi isibankwa samanzi. Kamuva bathola i-newt echibini. Iphinde itholakale eTatarstan, ifakwe ikama elincane futhi incanyana uqobo. Isibalo sezinhlobo zamachibi sizinzile. I-newt ehlanganisiwe isengozini.
Ubude, i-newt efakiwe ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-18, inesisindo esifinyelela ku-14 gram. Umzimba uyafudumala ngokufaka ukushisa kwemvelo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla laya kuma-degree ayi-6, isilwane siyalala, sigobhoza sibe yinqwaba yamatshe nohlaza.
UMarbled crested newt
Isicabucabu esiliva
Izinwele ezimboze umzimba wesicabucabu zibamba izinhlayiya zomoya. Baqoqa ngohlobo lwamabhamuza. Ukukhanya okukuzo kukhanyisiwe, okwenza umzimba wesilwane ubonakale uyisiliva. Eqinisweni, isicabucabu sinsundu nge-cephalothorax emnyama.
I-silverfish ingazizungeza ngamabhamuza omoya, ngoba ihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Isilwane siphefumula ngomoya ongaphezulu. ISerebryanka kufanele ivele ngezikhathi ezithile, ithathe umoya.
I-Tarantula
Ezondliweni zezindaba kunezihloko ezinjengalezi: - "IRiphabhulikhi ihlaselwa ama-tarantula anobuthi." Izilwane zaseTatarstan bangeze cishe eminyakeni eyi-4 eyedlule. Ama-tarantula aseNingizimu Russia athuthela ezweni. Ukuluma kwazo kunoshevu, kuqhathaniswa nobuhlungu kuqhume uphondo. Isikhumba siyaluma, isilonda siyakhukhumala. Isakhamuzi saseNaberezhnye Chelny saba ngabokuqala ukuzwa lokhu eTatarstan. Isicabucabu silume owesifazane ngo-2014.
Naphezu kobuthi bayo, i-tarantula ibalulekile ngoba ayivamile ezweni. Ngenkathi abezindaba besenza izihloko ezisabisayo, izazi zezilwane zibala lesi silwane njengesilwane esivikelwe.
I-Swallowtail
Lolu uvemvane olukhulu lokushayisana oluba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude. Izimpiko zangemuva zesilwane zinemikhono emincane, enwetshiwe kanye nokumakwa okubomvu nxazonke.
I-swallowtail inezitha eziningi. Lezi yizinyoni ezidla izinambuzane, izintuthwane nezicabucabu. Inani lezimvemvane liyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa hhayi ngabantu, kodwa yizitha zemvelo.
Izinyoni zaseTatarstan
Umuntu odlulayo
Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumhlophe
Ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe okuhle waqanjwa ngabantu ngokuthi inkosana. Inyoni inekhanda nesisu esimhlophe. Umhlane wesilwane u-grey ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti amaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumsulwa. Izimpaphe ezisekhanda le-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziphakanyisiwe, njenge-cap.
Ebunzimeni beTatarstan, ama-tits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhetha amahlathi agcwele amathafa anamahlathi we-willow ne-alder.
Remez ezejwayelekile
Inyoni encane enesisindo esifinyelela ku-11 gram. Imvamisa, abantu bathola amagremu ayi-7. Igama lesiJalimane esinezimpaphe lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umhlanga tit". Izinyoni zinombala ofanayo, onobuhlakani, osayizi omncane. Ngakho-ke ukufaniswa.
Zikhetha ukuhlala emhlangeni. Ngakho-ke, eTatarstan, imihlambi "yamatiti" ikhetha izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi.
Grebe
Isikhovu esinezintambo ezibomvu
Izimpaphe ezisentanyeni nasemabeleni ale nyoni zipendwe ngokubomvu okusawolintshi. Lo mbala ubuye ubekhona ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Kunezihluthu ezibomvu zezimpaphe ezifana nethonsi lezinwele.
E-Tatarstan, izinyoni ezinentambo ebomvu zitholakala emaxhaphozini amancane, emachibini, emigodini yenkabi. Ubukhulu bezinyoni bufana namadada, kuyaqabukela ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-500 amagremu.
I-toadstool enamahlathi we-Grebe
Intamo yakhe nayo ibomvu, kepha kuphela ehlobo. Awukho umbala obomvu ekhanda. Isigqoko sesigqoko sesigaxa simnyama futhi izihlathi zimpunga. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwale nyoni kufana ne-grebe e-crested. Noma kunjalo, kunemigqa emhlophe phakathi kwekepisi nezihlathi.
I-grebe enamahlathi ampunga izalela amaqanda angama-26 lilinye futhi iyinhlobo evikelwe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuzala kwesilwane, odokotela bezinyoni badidekile ngesizathu sokuqothulwa kwaso. Bona ngokucekela phansi izidleke zezinyosi yizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izinkuni
Umqali womuthi oneminwe emithathu
Kutholakala enyakatho ye-taiga yaseTatarstan. Ezidladleni zenyoni esikhundleni sezinzwane ezi-4 ex 3. Esinye isici esivelayo yi "cap" ephuzi ekhanda lenyoni.
Isigebenga somthi esinezinzwane ezintathu asifundwa kahle, ngoba sikhuphukela ehlane lase-taiga, sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo.
Esithombeni kunesiqedela somuthi esinezinzwane ezintathu
I-Hoopoe
I-Hoopoe
Imemezela imisindo ehlanganisa amagama "kubi lapha." Umsindo wengoma yama-hoopoe uyakhohlisa. Izinhlobo zezimpaphe ziyakhuluma entwasahlobo, ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zimbi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Lalela izwi le-hoopoe
I-hoopoe ejwayelekile ihlala eTatarstan. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyi-10 zezinyoni. Ojwayelekile unemibala egqamile. Kwisizinda se-ocher, imivimbo emnyama iyabonakala ezinhlangothini. Ekhanda, i-hoopoe igqoke u-orange tuft. Kubukeka njengomlandeli. Izihloko zawo zimnyama.
Unogolantethe
Phuza kakhulu
Ubude bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-70, bungaba nesisindo esingaba ngu-2 kilos. Ukukhala okunamandla ngokulinganayo kwenyoni, okusikhumbuza ukubhonga kwenkunzi. Ungakuzwa lokhu ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-3-4 ukusuka ebittern.
Lalela izwi lesiphuzo esikhulu
Izidleke ezinkulu ze-bittern kuma-bog bumps. Ukukhethwa kwendawo kuyamangaza kwezinye izinyoni, njengoba kunjalo nangendlela eyakhiwe ngayo indlu. IBittern yenza izidleke zingadluli. Kungaphezulu kwenqwaba yamakhambi ebhalwe ngokungahleliwe.
Umunyu
Le nyoni ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-36 ubude futhi isisindo sayo cishe siyi-150 gram. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo, imibala ihlukile. Phakathi konogolantethe, lokhu kuhlukile. Abesifazane be-bittern encane bansundu ngemicu. Abesilisa bagqoka "ikepisi" elimnyama emakhanda abo. Ukhazimula luhlaza. Ngokufanayo ithoni yezimpaphe ezisemaphikweni enyoni.
Izidleke ezincane ze-bittern ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi emile egcwele utshani. Phakathi kohlaza, oluyizimpaphe lufihliwe. Ngokuncenga, i-bittern ishwibeka njengomhlanga emoyeni.
I-bittern encane
UCollitz
Ifinyelela imitha ukuphakama, ithola isisindo esingaba ngu-2 kilograms. Iyehluka kunamanye onogolantethe ngothi lwawo olunwebeka ekugcineni. Iphuzi, isikhumbuza izigaxa zikashukela. Izinyoni zibonakala zigunda amanzi ngomlomo wazo, ngasikhathi sinye zidoba izibungu zomiyane nezinye izinambuzane.
Ama-Spoonbill akhetha ukuhlala emaxhaphozini. E-Tatarstan, lezi zinhlobo zivikelekile ngenxa yenani lazo elincane.
AmaFlamingo
I-flamingo ejwayelekile
Njengamanye ama-flamingo, izinhlobo zawo ezi-6, ayengawonogolantethe. I-oda le- "flamingos" lenziwa ngama-ornithologists emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.
Kanye nama-cormorant nama-tern, ama-flamingo abomvana yizinyoni zasendulo kakhulu eMhlabeni. Lezi zinhlobo zavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 edlule. Ezindaweni ze-USSR yangaphambili, ama-flamingo atholakala emaqeleni aseKyrgyzstan nasemachibini aseTatarstan.
Izinhlobo zivikelwe. Ezinsukwini zakudala, izinyoni zasendulo zazizingelwa. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-flamingo asebenza ngokuzikhandla. Ngaphandle kwezimpaphe, izilwane azikwazi ukundiza. Lokhu kwakusetshenziswa abazingeli ngaphambili.
Okufana nezimbuzi
I-nightjar ejwayelekile
Usayizi wesigcabha somthi, ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-28 ubude, unesisindo esingu-65-95 amagremu. Izimpaphe zihlukaniswa ngemilenze emifushane. Inyoni ingama, kepha kubukeka sengathi ihleli.Imilenze ayibonakali kusuka ngaphansi komzimba. Imbozwe izimpaphe ezixegayo, ikhulisa ngokubonakalayo ubukhulu be-nightjar.
Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngenxa yenkolelo evamile. Ngokuqaphela ukuthi izinyoni zizungeza amatafula ebusuku, abantu banqume ukuthi izivakashi bezincela izinkomo, ziphuza ubisi. Eqinisweni, izimbiza zasebusuku zibamba izinambuzane ezizungeza eceleni kwama-ungulates. Izinyoni zizingela ebusuku ngoba ziyaphumula emini.
Ama-Anseiform
Ihansi elimnyama
Ungumncanyana futhi uyivelakancane kakhulu kumahansi. Inyoni ayinesisindo esingeqile kwamakhilogremu amabili, futhi ingeqi kumasentimitha angama-60 ubude.
Ngaphandle kwaleli gama, ihansi limnyama ngokwengxenye kuphela. Umsila wenyoni umhlophe. Kukhona nezimpaphe ezilula ezimpikweni. Umzimba onsundu. Ikhanda nentamo kupendwe ngokumnyama.
Izikhova
Scops isikhova
Le nyoni yathola igama layo, ngokufana nokukhala kwayo: - "Sleep-woo". Izwi le-scops lizwakala ebusuku. Le nyoni ayisebenzi emini.
Lalela izwi lesikhova se-scops
Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe eTatarstan. Izinombolo ze-Scops owl ziyehla ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo. Ukungena kumagundane adla izikhova, ubuthi ubuthi bezilwane, kubangele ukuguquka kwezifo nezifo.
Isikhova esikhulu esimpunga
Ukumakwa okumnyama kuyabonakala ngaphansi komlomo wenyoni. Uma ukude zibukeka njengezintshebe. Kungakho igama lesikhova. Luhlobo oluvikelwe, ngokungafani nesikhova esivamile nesinomsila omude, naso esihlala eTatarstan.
IGreat Grey Owl incamela ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene, amadala eduze kwamaxhaphozi. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhova zidla emngceleni ngokuhlanzwa.
Isikhova Esiphakanyisiwe
Isikhova esincane, esihlangene. Imilenze yakhe igcwele izimpaphe, kufaka nezinzwane zakhe. Yingakho igama lenyoni. Uyisilwane esidlayo, ukuhlaselwa ngamehlo avaliwe. Ngakho-ke isikhova sivikela izitho zombono ekulimaleni. Kuthiwani uma isisulu siqala ukuzivikela?
Isisulu esikhulu sesikhova ama-voles. Icekela phansi amagundane, le nyoni iyagada izitshalo zezolimo.
Ama-Falconiformes
I-Upland Buzzard
Okweklebe, kepha imilenze inezimpiko ezinzwaneni uqobo, njengokhozi. Umzingeli ungamasentimitha angu-50-60 ubude. Amaphiko afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 futhi anesisindo esingu-1700 amagremu.
Izindawo zama-buzzards zigcinwa kuwo womabili ngomhlaba nangomoya, uma kubhekwa ezawo cishe amamitha angama-250 ngaphezulu kobuso. Uma le ndawo yomoya ihlaselwa ngumuntu wangaphandle, iyahlaselwa.
I-steppe harrier
Igqame ngamaphiko ayo amade, akhombe kanye nomsila ofanayo. Phakathi kwezinye izithiyo, elula kunazo zonke, njengokungathi izinwele ezimpunga. Yingakho igama lenyoni. Umbala wezimpaphe zawo ufana nobuso benyanga.
E-Tatarstan, i-harrier itholakala ezifundeni ze-steppe ne-step-steppe. Lapho, umhlaseli uzingela amagundane, izibankwa nezinyoni ezincane.
I-steppe harrier
Intamo emnyama
Phakathi kwezinyoni zaseTatarstan, inqe elimnyama yilo elikhulu kunawo wonke. Amaphiko enyoni afinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Isilwane sinesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu ayi-12. Inqe lisekela lesi sisindo ngokudla isidumbu. Izimpaphe zalo ziphuka ngezinzipho ezibukhali nangomlomo oqinile.
E-Tatarstan, inqe elimnyama litholakala esifundeni sase-Aznakayevsky, njengoba lithanda indawo enezintaba. Lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezidukile ezweni. Izidleke ze-Scavenger eSouthern Europe.
Kufana nejuba
UKlintukh
Leli ijuba lasendle. Ngokungafani nedolobha, uyabagwema abantu, azinze emahlathini. Lapho inyoni ihlala emigodini yezihlahla ezindala. Ukwehliswa kwalokhu kuholela ekwehlisweni kwesibalo sezinhlobo.
Ngaphandle, i-clintuch icishe ingahlukaniseki nejuba. Inyoni yehlathi ihlukaniswa ngomsindo wayo ngesikhathi isuka. UKlintukh ukhipha "amanothi" abukhali, anempempe ngamaphiko awo.
Ijuba elivamile
Isilwane singamasentimitha angama-30 ubude futhi sinesisindo esingu-150 amagremu. Ubukhulu buhambisana nejuba elijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, indandatho emnyama iyabonakala entanyeni yejuba. Yilokhu okuhlukanisa izinhlobo.
Ihobhe liyafuduka. Kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMeyi, le nyoni ihlala e-Afrika. Amajuba abuyela eTatarstan ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ama-Charadriiformes
Onogada
Yinyoni encane enemilenze emide noqhwaku oluncane, olude. Ukuqashwa akuvamile, kungokwabantu abafudukayo. E-Tatarstan, abamele lolu hlobo bahlala emasimini emathafeni emifula.
Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu buhlushwa ukulima amasimu. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhukhula ziyoma. Izinkomo eziklaba emasimini ziyabahlupha onogada.
Crane efana
I-Grane crane
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, yasatshalaliswa enyakatho yeTatarstan. Ekhulwini lama-21, inani labantu lehlile. I-crane empunga ayifakiwe kwiRed Data Book yezwe, kepha sekuseduze ukuthi ifakwe ohlwini.
Ngokuphakama, i-crane empunga ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-115, isabalalisa amaphiko ayo cishe ngamasentimitha angama-200. Inyoni inesisindo esingu 5-6 kilograms.
Inhlanzi yaseTatarstan
I-Sturgeon
IBeluga
Kufakiwe ku- izilwane ezingavamile zaseTatarstan... Izinhlanzi zasolwandle. Ingena emifuleni yezwe ukuze izale. I-beluga egxishiwe enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-966 namasentimitha angu-420 ubude ikhonjiswa e-Astrakhan Regional Museum. Kunamacala aziwayo wokubanjwa kwabantu abayimitha eli-9 abanesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Azikho izinhlanzi ezinkulu emanzini amasha.
Igama le-beluga lihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiLatini ngokuthi "ingulube". Iphuzu likusosesheni odalwe ngumzimba wesilwane onombala, umbala waso ompunga, ikhala elifushane nelincane eliguquguqukayo nomlomo omkhulu onomlomo ojiyile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-beluga i-omnivorous, njengengulube.
I-sturgeon yaseRussia
Ngokwemvelo, nakho kube yivelakancane. Kepha esifundeni saseLaishevsky eTatarstan, ngehlobo lika-2018, bahlela ukuvula ibhizinisi lokuzalisa izimboni ze-sturgeon ne-beluga. Bahlela ukuthola amathani angama-50 ezinhlanzi ezibomvu ezithengiswayo ngonyaka. Ngokwengeziwe, bahlela ukuzala i-sterlet. Futhi ungowesturgeon, ongandile endle futhi esihlwabusayo.
Ku-2018, eTatarstan, ikhasimende "izindawo zokuzalela iSterlet" ezinendawo engamahektare ayi-1,750 ladalwa. Ezindaweni ezivikelwe, imisebenzi esongela ukubuyisela emuva izinhlanzi ayivunyelwe, kepha ukudotshwa kwezimfundamakhwela nokudoba ucwaningo lwesayensi kuvunyelwe.
Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
I-Brook trout
Le yinhlanzi efinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55 ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kukhilogremu. Lesi silwane sasivamile emazweni aseTatarstan kuze kube yingxenye yokuqala yesithathu yekhulu elidlule. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani labantu laqala ukwehla. Izinhlobo manje sezivikelwe.
I-trout brooks inombala ogqamile, okuyiyona nhlanzi ebizwa nge-pestle phakathi kwabantu. Kukhona izikali ezibomvu, ezimnyama, ezimhlophe. Bahlakazekile "bahlakazekile" phezu kwezinhlanzi, njenge-confetti.
Ama-taimen ajwayelekile
Emndenini we-salmon, i-taimen yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Kwesinye isikhathi babamba izinhlanzi ezingamamitha amabili ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayikhulu. Izindondo ziyivelakancane. Imvamisa, i-taimen ibanjwa ekufinyeleleni kweKamsky.
Ngaphambi kokulawulwa kokugeleza kweVolga neKama, i-taimen kwakuyisakhamuzi esijwayelekile semifula yaseTatarstan.
Impunga yaseYurophu
Njengempunga yaseSiberia, ikhetha imifula ebandayo esezintabeni. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke. Inyama empunga nayo ilula futhi ithambile. Inani lezinhlobo liyancipha. Ekhulwini lama-20, impunga yaseYurophu eTatarstan yabanjwa ngezinga lezimboni.
I-Grayling iyinhlanzi edlayo. Isilwane esingenamgogodla nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
IBalitoria
I-Mustachioed char
Inhlanzi enomzimba ophansi, ogingqikayo, ombozwe amafinyila. Ikhanda alicindezelwa kamuva. Kunemisipha ngaphansi kwezindebe eziyinyama. Lesi silwane satholakala ngo-1758. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nelama-21, i-char yafakwa kwiRed Book yaseTatarstan.
I-char ayinayo inani lezomnotho. Inyama yenhlanzi emhlophe ayinamsoco. Ukwehla kwabantu kuhlobene kakhulu nezidingo zesilwane semvelo. Ishadi lithanda amanzi ahlanzekile.
Carp
Umbono
Ngaphandle ifana ne-roach. Umbono unesiphongo esiphakeme nomlomo ogobile. Umzimba wezinhlanzi ucindezelwe kamuva, uphakeme. Umbono ungatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zamanzi zaseTatarstan. Izinhlobo ezisabalele zihola impilo yokudla.
I-Ide eTatarstan ayiyona inhlanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi iyisibongo. Isibonelo, igqokwa uchwepheshe odumile wezokupheka. UViktor Yaz waze wakhipha nohlelo lokupheka oluthi "Yaz against food". Phakathi kwezitsha ezethulwayo kukhona nalokho okwenziwe ngesisekelo senyama ye-carp.
Carp
Izinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu eTatarstan. Isilwane sinemikhuba yomlutha wezidakamizwa. I-carp yaseCrucian ibhukuda iphunga likagalikhi, i-corvalol, i-valerian, i-parafini, uwoyela wemifino. Le mikhiqizo ayikho ekudleni kwe-carpian carp, kepha uyawathanda amakha. Ngakho-ke, abadobi bavame ukusuthisa amabhola esinkwa ngamalithi anephunga.
Phakathi kwe-carp, i-carp crucian yinto engalindelekile kakhulu. Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi izinhlanzi zizoluma kanjani futhi kuphi.
Carp
Kubizwa nangokuthi i-carp ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yokudla kwayo isikhathi eside, lesi silwane saqanjwa ngokuthi ingulube yomfula. Lapha i-carp ingancintisana ne-beluga.
I-carp inomzimba ojiyile, ohlangene kancane. Babambe amamodeli wamamitha anesisindo esifinyelela ku-32 kilos. Kodwa-ke, ngobukhulu beTatarstan, irekhodi lingama-19 kilogram.
I-Chekhon
Yakheke njenge-cleaver. Ingemuva lenhlanzi liqondile, kanti isisu siyigobongo, njengensingo. Igcina ama-sabrefish emihlambini, inenani lentengiso. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lesilwane lehliswe kakhulu. Kwezinye izifunda zaseTatarstan, iSabrefish kuthiwa iyinhlobo evikelwe.
Ekhetha amanzi ahlanzekile, i-sabrefish ingahlala olwandle. Ngakho-ke, abanye abadobi babiza isilwane hhayi nge-cleaver, kodwa i-herring.
Gorchak ezejwayelekile
I-carp eyivelakancane yaseTatarstan. Ngokude, izinhlanzi zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10. Ngaphandle, umunyu ubukeka njenge-carp crucian, kepha ngemuva kwesilwane kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Njenge-carp crucian, i-gorchak ithanda amachibi namachibi anemisinga evilaphayo noma amanzi amile.
Ama-Perches
UZander
Ihlukile enyameni emnandi. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi ihlukaniswa ngekhanda elicijile neliphakeme. Emathanjeni e-operculum, njengakuma-perches amaningi, izinhlayiya ziyaphuma. Ameva namaphiko wesilwane.
Emizimbeni yamanzi yaseTatarstan, i-pike perch isakazekile futhi inenani lentengiso. Abanye abantu bakhula babe ngamasentimitha ayi-113 ubude, bathola ubunzima obungamakhilogremu ayi-18.
Intsimbi
Njengommeleli omkhulu womndeni, unomphetho wokuphakama okwenziwe ngemfoloko. Lesi isici esihlukile sawo wonke ama-perches. Iningi lamapheku eTatarstan libanjwa esifundeni se-Izhminvod.
I-perch ayitholi isisindo esingaphezu kuka-700 amagremu. Isisindo senhlanzi esimaphakathi ngamagremu angama-400. Ubude bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-40. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zasolwandle zembila. Labo bangaba nesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-14.
Isihlilingi
I-sculpin ejwayelekile
Uthanda amanzi ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile. Kufanele zingashoni, ngenzansi kwamatshe. Izidingo zezinhlanzi zikhawulela ukusatshalaliswa kwazo. Ubunzima obengeziwe "ukuhlangana" kwezinhlanzi. Ama-Podkamenniks angama-loners.
Ubude, i-sculpin ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-15. Inhlanzi inekhanda elibanzi nomzimba unciphise umsila. Amaphiko wepectoral asakazeke njengamaphiko evemvane.
Abantu abahlala eziqiwini nezikhumbuzo zemvelo bazizwa bephephe kakhulu eTatarstan. Lezi zamuva zifaka, ngokwesibonelo, iMount Chatyr-Tau. Ikholoni lezimbila lihlala egqumeni. Futhi ku-Chatyr-Tatu kunezinhlobo eziningana zamakhambi eRed Book.
