"IBhuku Elibomvu lase-Ukraine seliphenduke imenyu." Lesi yisona sihloko sendatshana ephephandabeni iVESTI. Iphindiwe kungosi ye-vesti-ukr. Intatheli uMaria Razenkova uphenye uchungechunge lokudlela eKiev.
Kwavela ukuthi kuningi labo amakhasimende ajwayelekile anikezwa ama-bear cutlets, ama-elk noma ama-wapiti chops, ama-beaver tails casseroles. Kunezinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 kumenyu yezithunzi, ingxenye yazo okuyinyama evela ezilwaneni zeRed Book.
Uma kunezinhlobo ezingama-85 kungu-1980, ngakho-ke kunguhlobo lokugcina lwencwadi cishe zingama-600. UMaria Razenkova, njengezinye izazi eziningi, ukhononda ngokunganaki kwabantu. Izilwane sezivele zicindezelwe ngomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu, ukuguquguquka kwezwe kanye nemvelo ngenxa yako.
Kungani ngaphezu kwalokho kuqothula izinhlobo ezingavamile? Ake sizame ukukhumbula ezinye zazo. Ake siqale ngebhere elinsundu. Kubukeka kungajwayelekile, kepha endaweni yase-Ukraine isengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Hlobo luni lwama-cutlets akhona ...
Ibhere elinsundu
Isibalo sokugcina singaphansi kwamabhere angama-500 kulo lonke elase-Ukraine. Iningi lezinyawo ezihamba ngezinyawo zihlala eTranscarpathia. Cishe abantu abayikhulu babhalwa ezifundeni zaseLviv naseChernivtsi. Amanye amabhere ahlala eSumy naseKiev.
I-Clubfoot faka izilwane ze "Red Book" zase-Ukrainenjengasohlwini lomhlaba lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kunabantu abangama-200,000 abasele emhlabeni. Emhlabeni jikelele, kuyinto encane. Ngakho-ke, ibhere elinsundu lifakiwe "Encwadini Ebomvu" yaseRussia nasencwadini yomhlaba wonke.
Esithombeni kunebhere elinsundu
I-lynx ejwayelekile
Yayifakwe "Encwadini Ebomvu" yase-Ukraine ngenxa yokudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Babulala ngenxa yoboya. Manje ukuzingelwa kwama-lynx kuzingela ngokungemthetho. I-Ukraine "ingaziqhayisa" ngamakhulu amane kuphela amakati asendle.
Konke - izilwane ze "Red Book" zase-Ukraine ePolesie... Lesi sakamuva sibhekisa ezifundeni zaseKiev naseSumy. I-lynx ayitholakali ngaphandle kwabo.
Ukuqothulwa kwe-lynx ngeke nje kuphuce uNezalezhnaya isilwane esihle, esibukhali nesinomusa, kodwa futhi kuzamazamise imvelo. Ikati lasendle lithanda ukuzingela izilwane ezigulayo. Ukuwadla, ama-lynx avimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka, aphulukise abantu bezisulu zabo.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi ama-lynx ahlasela abantu ngokweqa ezihlahleni. Kuyinganekwane. Amakati eRed Book azama ukugwema abantu. Awekho amacala aqoshiwe okuhlaselwa ngenhloso yokuzuza enyameni yomuntu, ikakhulukazi esihlahleni.
I-lynx ejwayelekile
Ibhungane
Kubukeka njengesidlakela, sinezimpondo ezinkulu. Ngabo, ubude bomzimba wenyamazane bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-10. EYurophu, liyibhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke. E-Ukraine, izinyamazane zitholakala ezifundeni zaseMpumalanga neziphakathi. Lapha, isilwane sihlala emahlathini e-oki noma emahlathini ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-oki.
Ubungako benyamazane ye-stag busikisela impilo yayo ende. Khonamanjalo, kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-10, lesi sinambuzane siyandiza siphume emasontweni angama-3-4 kuphela. Ibhungane elidala liphila ngokulingana. Ngakho-ke, inyamazane ifika kulo mhlaba cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Amabhungane ezinyamazane awaqothulwa lapho kudliwa khona uboya noma indawo yokudlela. Kuze kube yilapho lesi sinambuzane sisohlwini lwe- "Red Book", asizange sibulawe ngenxa, kepha ngenxa ye-. Kunenkolelo edumile yokuthi amabhungane amakhulu aminyanisa izinkukhu ngezimpondo zawo futhi aphuze igazi lawo. Eqinisweni, izinyamazane zingabantu abadla imifino kuphela, ziqukethe utshani neziphuzo zezihlahla.
Ibhungane
Unogolantethe omnyama
Kubukeka kuwubukhazikhazi. Umzimba nentamo ephezulu kumbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama, isisu simhlophe. Ekhanda lenyoni kukhona "ikepisi" elibomvu. Imilenze nayo ibomvu "esitokisini". Kunobuhle obungaba ngu-400 kulo lonke elase-Ukraine. Inani elikhulu labantu ligxile enyakatho yezwe.
Onogolantethe abamnyama bayahlangana, bahlala bethembekile kubalingani babo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zabo. Unogolantethe abamnyama bakhe isidleke somndeni wabo ezihlahleni, angawi ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-20 ngenhla komhlaba. Kufanele kube khona ichibi noma ixhaphozi eduzane.
Unogolantethe abamnyama - izilwane ezisohlwini lwe "Red Book" lase-Ukraineukusho ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinyoni zifika eNezalezhnaya ngo-Ephreli bese zihamba ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ihlobo lichithwa ngokuzalanisa. Izinyoni zingaphezu kobusika eNdiya nase-Afrika.
Esithombeni kunogolantethe omnyama
Iminki yaseYurophu
Waqala ukuhlala empofu ngenxa yokubanjiswa koboya nokungeniswa kwe-mink yaseMelika eYurophu. Lesi sakamuva sathola ukuqina ngokwengeziwe, namandla amakhulu. Ukubukeka kwe-Europe akukwazanga ukumelana nomncintiswano. Ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina komhlaba wezilwane e-Ukraine kunikeze imininingwane ngabantu abangaba ngu-200 kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwezwe, i-mink yaseYurophu nayo yehlulekile "ukuvikela isikhundla sayo", ifakwe ohlwini lwe-World Conservation Union. Ukuthengisa amajazi we-mink, kunjalo, akubikiwe.
Isisindo se-mink eyodwa yaseYurophu asidluli ikhilogremu. Ubude bomzimba onomsila cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50. I-mink ayihlukile ngezimo eziyindilinga. Ngakho-ke sibheka ukuthi zingaki izilwane ezidingekayo ukudala ijazi loboya.
Uma kungamadolo ubude nosayizi kungama-46, uzodinga izikhumba ezingama-30. Ngokomfanekiso, amajazi angu-6-7 oboya agijimela indawo yase-Ukraine. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu, manje sezithungelwe kwizikhumba zeminki zaseMelika.
Iminki yaseYurophu
UMuskrat
Lesi silwane esincelisayo esinambuzane sihlala echibini loMfula iSeim. Kwenzeka esifundeni saseSumy e-Ukraine. Akunabantu abangaphezu kuka-500 abahlala lapha. Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu emahlathini asempumalanga yeYurophu, angatholakali ngaphandle kwawo.
Ngaphandle, isilwane sibukeka njengenhlanganisela yemvukuzane ene-hedgehog, sinesisindo esingaba ngu-0.5 kilograms. Yile ndlela isilwane esasineminyaka eyizigidi edlule ngayo. Ngenxa yomlando wasendulo kanye nezinguquko ezincane ekubukekeni, indlela yokuphila, i-desman ithathwa njengezinhlobo eziphindayo.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, inani labantu base-desman liyaqhubeka nokwehla, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwehla kwendawo. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, isinambuzane saqothulwa ngenxa yoboya. Waziswa ngaphezu kwebhova.
Isizathu yisakhiwo esikhethekile sezinwele ze-desman. Zincane esisekelweni, kepha zibanzi phezulu. Ngaphandle, lokhu kwenza uboya bube bukhulu, njenge-velvet. Izikhala zangaphakathi zigcina ukushisa. Kuyabanda engutsheni yoboya beaver.
Ngaphezu kwezikhumba ze-desman, babezingelwa ukuthola uketshezi lwezindlala zemisipha. Engxenyeni yesi-19 neyokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lolu ketshezi lwaluyilona lodwa elalisebenza ngempumelelo lamakha amakha.
Esithombeni kukhona owesilisa
Igopher enamachashazi
Kuze kube yi-2000s, yayisakazeke e-Ukraine. Kulezi zinsuku kukhona amaqembu ahlukene esifundeni saseKharkov. Inani labantu lacekelwa phansi ukwelashwa kwamasimu ngamakhemikhali. Kuthinte inani lezinto eziphilayo kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zalo zokuhlala.
Lapho kuhlala amasimu lapho kutholakala khona amasimu ezolimo, i-gopher izondla ngokutshala, iyakumba. Ngokuvamile, ngokombono wabalimi, igundane yisinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, abawashiyanga ama-gopher. Ezinye zazo seziphenduke umthombo woboya obushibhile. Inemishwe. Kungakho igama lohlobo.
Oshicilelweni lwakamuva lwe- "Red Book" lase-Ukraine, kuthiwa ngesibalo sesikwele esimnyama esinamachashazi kubantu ababalelwa ku-1 000. Akukabhekwa njengosengozini, kepha izinhlobo zisengozini.
Igopher enamachashazi
Ikati lasehlathini
Ukhokho wamakati afuywayo - ikati lasehlathini lisaphila emahlathini ajwayelekile ahlanganisiwe. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buvela engxenyeni yemitha noma ngaphezulu, ukuphakama cishe kungama-35 cm, futhi banesisindo kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 kg. Ngaphandle, ikati lasehlathini lifana kakhulu nekati elijwayelekile elimpunga elifuyiwe, linombala wejazi onsundu, okuvezwa ngalo imivimbo emnyama yezimpawu zalezi zilwane.
Okufanekisiwe ikati lasehlathini
I-Korsak
IKorsak iyimpungushe yangempela, ihlala kuphela emaqeleni nasezintabeni ezinezimila ezingavamile. Izimpungushe ze-steppe azikhuphuki nazo izintaba, kodwa zizibophezela kuphela emagqumeni.
I-Korsak (steppe fox)
UShatsky eel
Uhlala emachibini aseShatsk. Kukhona angu-30, wonke atholakala esifundeni saseVolyn. Lezi zinhlobo zizalela oLwandle iSargasso. Kusukela kuleli qophelo lase-Atlantic, gazinga kugijimela emifuleni yaseYurophu, kufinyelela eLake Svityaz. Kwamanye amadamu wenethiwekhi yeShatskaya, i-eel ayivamile.
Njengoba i-Shatsky eel ingumthombo oyinhloko wemali kubantu bendawo, ukubamba kuvunyelwe, kepha imingcele yayo isunguliwe. Ukubanjwa okungajwayelekile kulethwa ezindaweni zokudlela. Amabha weSushi aziswa kakhulu ngezinhlanzi ze-shatsk. Ngasikhathi sinye, isidalwa esifana nenyoka sibhalwe ku "Incwadi Ebomvu" yase-Ukraine.
Qaphela ukuthi i-eel evamile nayo esohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Isetshenziselwa i-sushi eJapan. Ukunambitheka kwezinhlanzi kuhle kakhulu kangangokuba amathani angama-70,000-80,000 abanjwa minyaka yonke. Lezi zinhlobo zathathwa zigadwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature ngo-2008.
Esithombeni kukhona i-shatsky eel
Inyathi
Wake wahlala ezifundeni zaseLvov, eChernigov, eVolyn naseKiev I-Ukraine. Yiziphi izilwane ze- "Red Book"? Mikhulu, iyinkomo, inezinselo ezibhangqa, imizimba enamandla nezinwele ezinyene ezilenga phansi ngeziqu.
Ekhulwini lama-21, ungayibona kuphela ema-zoo wezwe nasezindaweni ezivikelekile zamahlathi. Kalula nje, lezi zinhlobo zanyamalala endle e-Ukraine, kodwa zigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa.
Inyathi ihlobene nenyathi. Lezi zakamuva zibhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-United States. Endaweni yaseYurophu, isihloko singesenyathi. Umuntu oyedwa - 700-800 kilograms of mass.
Ubukhulu abuyincishi ubungqabavu benyathi. Beqa izithiyo eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-1.5-2. Izilwane zikulungele lokhu, zibaleka, isibonelo, kubazingeli. Njengoba lolu hlobo luphindaphindwayo, lwabanjwa ngabantu bakudala ngenxa yesikhumba nenyama.
Inyathi esithombeni
Indawo yokulala engadini
Igundane elinyamalalayo litholakala ezifundeni zaseCherkasy, eRivne naseKiev e-Ukraine. Isilwane sihlala ezindaweni zemvelo. Ukwehliswa kwabo sekuholele ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinhlobo. Ukugawulwa kwenhlanzeko kwaba njalo.
Izihlahla ezifile, ezibolile nezingenalutho ziyasuswa, okwenza kube nendawo yokukhula okuncane. Abalala engadini balahlekelwa izindlu zabo zasebusika. Ngokungafani namagundane amaningi, izilwane zeRed Book azithandi ukumba izimbobo emhlabathini.
Yize ibukeka kahle, i-dormouse iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Imenyu yegundane nayo iqukethe amajikijolo, izithelo, okusanhlamvu. Kepha, isabelo sabo ekudleni asidluli kuma-40%. Okunye izinambuzane, izikelemu nokunye okungenamgogodla.
Isonto ngaphandle kwabo lihola ubuthongo bube yisiphukuphuku, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Isilwane siyeke ukunyakaza, sibheke endaweni eyodwa. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, i-dormouse isengozini, kepha ayinamandla okulwela impilo.
Indawo yokulala engadini
Ithrawuthi
ITrout ibhalwe ku "Red Book" yase-Ukraine. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-salmon ezweni zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. ITrout yigama elijwayelekile lama-subspecies wabo ayi-19. Amanzi angenasawoti ayaziswa e-Ukraine. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bakhula baze bafike kwengxenye yemitha ubude. Ukuqhathanisa, izidalwa zasolwandle zikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili.
Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kokudoba, i-trout e-Ukraine iyaqhubeka nokubanjwa. Okuhlukile ubusuku benyanga. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingachazeki, i-trout iyenqaba ukuzingela nokubhukuda ebusweni bezindikimba zamanzi ebusuku lapho isathelayithi yoMhlaba ibonakala kahle.
Emini nasezinsukwini ezingenanyanga, izinhlanzi ziyaxakeka, zikhula ngesivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora. Lokhu kungokumelana kwamanzi, ukugeleza. Isikhombi sokurekhoda phakathi kwezinhlanzi zomfula.
Izinhlanzi ze-trout
Isigaxa esinamabhande aphuzi
I-amphibian ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini; ihlala eCarpathians nasezintabeni. Kunamaxoxo angaphansi kuka-1 000. Imihlane yazo iluhlaza okotshani futhi inombala womnqumo. Isisu seqhude, njengoba igama lisho, liphuzi.
Amabala amnyama akhona ngemuva kwesizinda esikhanyayo. Umbala ohlukile ukhombisa ubuthi bezinhlobo. Kepha, izinyoka, ama-ferrets nama-hedgehogs awamiswa. Isigaxa sidla izikelemu zomhlaba, izimpukane ezinamaphiko amabili, namabhungane amancane.
Isigaxa esinamasongo aphuzi sigwinya inyamazane ngokoqobo. Akukho ukunyakaza okujwayelekile kolimi oluphonswe ngaphandle. Imisipha esemlonyeni wexoxo le-crane-book yakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo yama-congeners. Kufanele uvule umlomo wakho kabanzi bese uziphonsa kulabo abahlukumezekile.
Ebusika, amasele asebusika. Cishe abantu abangama-40% ababuyi kuyo. Ngakho-ke, amaxoxo athanda ukuhlala eduze nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo. Ngenhlanhla, ayatholakala eTranscarpathia. Amanzi ashisayo anika amasakana ithuba lokuhlala ephapheme unyaka wonke.
Isigaxa esinamabhande aphuzi
Isikhumba esinamathoni amabili
Amalulwane nawo ahlala e-Ukraine. Abantu bababiza ngokuthi bonke amalulwane. Eqinisweni, akuwona wonke amalulwane angamagundane, kodwa wonke ayizilwane ezincelisayo.
Isikhumba esinezimpawu ezimbili phakathi kwabo sisengozini, ujwayele ukuhlala ezinqolobaneni, ezakhiweni ezilahliwe, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu zedolobha. Abantu abayithandi indawo enjalo, ngakho-ke baqothula lolu hlobo, babaxoshe emakhaya abo.
Izithelo zase-Ukraine zithiwa i-bicolor ngenxa yombala wayo. Phansi koboya besilwane kumnyama, kuthi phezulu kucishe kube mhlophe. Umbono ophelele woboya belulwane uyisiliva. Intamo yesilwane ihlotshiswe ngekhola emhlophe.
E-Ukraine, isikhumba sitholakala yonke indawo. Isilwane sangena "Encwadini Ebomvu" ngenxa yenani elincane labantu. Amagundane egundane ayindlala, yize ehlakazeke ezweni lonke.
Isikhumba esinamathoni amabili
ICopperhead ejwayelekile
Ekuchazweni kwenyoka yekhanda lethusi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi isici sokubonakala kwayo ubukhona besikali esiseduze kwekhanda nasesiswini, esinokuma okuyi-hexagonal ne-rhomboid okunemibala ecwebezelayo yethusi.
ICopperhead ejwayelekile
I-Chupacabra
Ake siqedele uhlu ngezilwane ezivela "eNcwadini Ebomvu" engekho emthethweni yase-Ukraine. Ngenkathi ososayensi bethi ayikho iChupacabra, imininingwane ngokuhlaselwa kwayo ezimbuzi ivela ezifundeni zaseKiev naseRivne.
Ofakazi bokuzibonela bakhuluma ngezidalwa ezingenazinwele ezinamazinyo acijile nesakhiwo somzimba esifana nekhangaru. IChupacabra yesilo yaqanjwa ngokuhlanganisa amagama aseSpain athi chupar nelithi cbbra.
Lesi sakamuva sihumusha ngokuthi "imbuzi" kanti esokuqala sithi "ncela." Konke ukukhuluma ngesilo kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwezimbuzi. Umzingeli uphuza igazi lawo, kodwa akayidli inyama. Ngakho-ke uma iChupacabra ikhona, iyi-vampire phakathi kwezilwane.
Mhlawumbe kubukeka njengesithombe se-chupacabra
Ukutholakala kokukhulunywa kweChupacabra kuwubufakazi besibalo esincane sezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nesizathu sokufakwa kwaso "eNcwadini Ebomvu". Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bafunde imizimba eminingana yeChupacabras. Kuze kube manje, kuvele ukuthi bangama-raccoon anempandla nezimpungushe.
Bajwayele ukhwekhwe. Lesi sifo sikwenza uqhaqhe izigaxa zoboya, sikuqhubele kumsangano, sishintshe ukubukeka kwezilwane. Kungani, ekuqulekeni kwabo, bahlasela izimbuzi kuphela? Kulo mbuzo wabalimi, imfuyo yabo ehlaselwe yi-chupacabras, ososayensi abakayitholi impendulo.
