Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwedada le-merganser
I-Merganser – idada, isakazekile futhi ijwayelekile kubo bonke abazingeli baseYurophu. Vuliwe isithombe sihlanganisiwe imvamisa ibukeka iphazanyisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyoni iyi-diver enhle kakhulu, ithanda ukudilika kakhulu futhi ikwenza cishe njalo, ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-4, noma ngabe umhlanganisi uyayidinga yini inhlanzi okwamanje noma cha.
Izici ezihlukile zala madada zifaka uqhwaku - olude, olukhanyayo, oluyisilinda, olugobele kancane ngasekugcineni futhi olusakazeke ngamazinyo abukhali emaphethelweni angaphakathi, asiza izinyoni ukudoba.
Futhi zinomzimba ovundlile ovundlile, ngokwesilinganiso kufika ku-57-59 cm ubude nentamo ende. Amaphiko amaphiko ala madada angafinyelela ku-70-88 cm, futhi isisindo sawo sisuka ku-1200 kuye ku-2480 amagremu, okwenza izinyoni zaba enye yezinto zokuzingela ezithandwa kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nombala wezimpaphe, izinsikazi, njengezinye izinyoni, zincane futhi zincane, zimpunga ezingenamabala ansundu angabonakali. Kepha ama-drake ahlukile, akhombisa umbala wezimpaphe ohlaza okotshani emakhanda awo, isigaxa esimnyama, imivimbo emhlophe emaphikweni kanye nombala wezimpaphe onombala onsundu ngombala, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo nazo zinomphimbo omhlophe ne-goiter.
Izinyoni ezinjalo, ngisho nokuntywila njalo, kunzima ukuziphuthelwa ebusweni bamanzi. Phila amadada, ikakhulu emachibini anamanzi angenasawoti, lapho iningi lawo lenziwa khona isithombe, kepha futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuhlala emfuleni onomsinga omncane, futhi abanye bahlala ngokuthula emadamini olwandle uma kungekho amaza anamandla kuwo.
Ungahlangana nale nyoni kuwo wonke amagumbi eplanethi, kunoma iyiphi i-hemisphere nesimo sezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, eJapan, ukuzingelwa kwe-merganser zivinjelwe kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi izinyoni uqobo zivikelekile isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqashelwa kwamanani azo amancane emhlabeni jikelele.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yedada le-merganser
I-Merganser – inyoni izindawo ezifudukayo, ezihlala izidleke zala madada zimboza zonke izindawo zehlathi ngemifula namachibi asendaweni emaphakathi. Kusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuphele ngamaHimalaya naseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha basebusika ngasogwini lwe-Atlantic, iPacific Ocean, eningizimu yeChina, ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, noma yikuphi lapho kufudumele khona nalapho kukhona khona izinhlanzi.
Ngentwasahlobo, izinyoni ziphakathi kwezokuqala ukufika, ngokoqobo ngokushesha, lapho nje kwakhiwa ama-polynyas, okungukuthi, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokuqondene nemvelo yezinyoni, zinzima, amadada omndeni, akwazi ukuxosha umhlaseli ongeyena omkhulu othatha isinqumo sokudla amaqanda abo noma amaphuphu amancane. Ukuhamba kwekwindla kobusika kuqala sekwephuzile, kanye nokubanda kwamanzi, okungukuthi, ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba.
Ukudla kwedada okuhlanganisiwe
I-Merganser - idada lidla isilwane ngokukhethekile, liphila ngalokho elikutholayo ngokudoba. Isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinyoni yizinhlanzi, futhi zibhekana kalula nezinhlanzi ubude obungu-17-20 cm.
Futhi, amadada awalokothi anganaki ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans ngisho nezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwalezi zinyoni, ngesikhathi sokuma, umuntu angaqaphela ukudoba kwazo ngokuhlanganyela.
Umbukwane uyahlaba umxhwele - umhlambi, ohlanganiswe kusuka ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene, wamadada angamakhulu amaningana, ubhukuda njengeqembu elihamba ngomkhumbi uqonde ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi, ngokungazelelwe, zonke izinyoni zitshuza ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi esibhakabhakeni ngalesi sikhathi izingwe zasolwandle ziyajikeleza, sengathi zisekelwa emoyeni futhi zisheshe zibambe ebusweni bezinhlanzi, ezazesatshwa ngamadada.
Izinhlobo zamadada aseMerganser
Ngokuhlukaniswa kwala madada ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwavela ubunzima, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili - i-slicker ne-American crested, zabelwa eminye imindeni. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni eziyisikhombisa ze-merganser, kusele ezinhlanu kuphela, enye yazo - i-Auckland - engakaze itholakale kusukela ngo-1902 futhi ithathwa njengengasekho ngokusemthethweni. Ngokufanele, kusele izinhlobo ezine kuphela izikhohlisiezibalwe ku- Incwadi Ebomvu.
- I-merganser enkulu
Lo ngummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke walamadada, abukeka njengehansi elincane. Ama-drake anemibala egqamile, futhi aphoqeleka ngamabele amhlophe qhwa nezimpaphe zomsila. Indawo yokwakha izidleke ihlanganisa yonke indawo ephakathi nendawo, zombili ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nezisentshonalanga, izinyoni zasebusika ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, kepha kwezinye izindawo ze-Asia Ephakathi, emachibini asezindaweni eziphansi zezintaba ze-Himalaya nasemachibini aseCalifornia, ama-mergansers amakhulu ahlala phansi, ngaphandle kokundiza noma yikuphi.
Esithombeni kukhona i-merganser enkulu
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe
Lolu uhlobo oludala kakhulu futhi oluhle kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni wala madada. Ingxenye yetoli yayo ifana nomdwebo wentambo kanokusho, noma izikali. Kungenxa yalesi sici sokubukeka lapho idada laqanjwa khona.
Lobuhle obuhle buhlala eMpumalanga kuphela, izidleke zenzeka eMpumalanga Ekude eRussia nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, enyakatho yeJapane, futhi ebusika bandizela emanzini afudumele aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Indawo ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi evikeleke kunabo bonke abantu be-merganser. Ukwehla kwesibalo salezi zinyoni kwenzeka ngenxa yokungcola kwemizimba yamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuphazamisa isimo semvelo neminye imisebenzi yabantu.
Esithombeni, idada i-scaly merganser
- I-merganser enekhala elide
Noma - isilinganiso se-merganser. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezidumile zala madada. Le nyoni imaphakathi impela, isisindo sayo cishe siyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, kanti ubude buyahlukahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-48-58. Kepha la madada anamazinyo amaningi - 18-20, ngokungafani ne-merganser enkulu, enamazinyo ayi-12-16 kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwe-merganser emaphakathi lude.
Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo, kusukela kutundra kuya ehlathini, emaqeleni womabili. Kuze kube sebusika, bandizela emanzini afudumele asenyakatho yezifunda ezishisayo, kepha ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kubandakanya neGreat Britain, bahlala unyaka wonke, bahlala phansi.
Lapho abaculi beNkathi Ephakathi, nangesikhathi esalandela, ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-19, beveza izigcawu zokuzingelwa kwamadada, lezi kwakuyizigcawu zokuzingela ngokukhethekile abahlanganisi abanezimpondo ezinde. Namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuzingela lezi zinyoni.
I-merganser enekhala elide enezinkukhu
- I-Merganser yaseBrazil
Uhlobo oluncane kakhulu nolungajwayelekile. Ihlala kuphela eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe, uma ifunwa nangokubekezela, la madada angabonakala emanzini aseParaguay, eBrazil nase-Argentina.
Ngokwazi kwama-ornithologists, inani labantu alidluli izinyoni ezingama-300-350, kanti ezingama-250 zazo zineziringi, kanti ezingama-200 zihlala unomphela esiqiwini esikhulu semvelo saseSierra da Canastra eBrazil. Inombolo nempilo yala madada ibibhekwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2013.
Okuncane kunakho konke ukuhlanganiswa - inyoni inesisindo esisuka ku-550 kuya ku-700 amagremu, ubude buhambisana nesisindo. Ngaphezu kosayizi, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa uthando lwalo lokuhamba emhlabeni, la madada ahlala ngababili, futhi ancamela ukuqala izidleke zawo emigodini ebanzi yezihlahla ezide. Kodwa-ke, zondla ngendlela efanayo nezihlobo zazo, kuphela kulokho abakutholayo ekudobeni.
Esithombeni, inyoni iyi-merganser yaseBrazil
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo yedada le-merganser
Abahlanganisi, amadada omndeni, bobabili bayakhula lapho sebethomba. Kuyeza cishe iminyaka eyi-1.5-2.5 nempilo. Ukukhiqiza kabusha uhlobo lwabo, babenjalo.
Izidleke zakhiwa - otshanini obude kakhulu, emigodini yezihlahla, emifantwini, noma ezintweni ezishiywe ngabantu, ngokwesibonelo, eshedini lesikebhe esingakaqediwe noma insali yemoto egqwalile. Isidleke sihlala simbozwe nge-fluff futhi asikho ngaphezu kwekhilomitha ukusuka echibini.
Amadada azalela amaqanda ayi-6 kuya kwayi-18 bese uwafukamela izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-40. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngabesifazane, ama-drake ahlala ngokwahlukana ngalesi sikhathi futhi, njengomthetho, i-molt yabo ejulile yenzeka ngalesi sikhathi.
Esithombeni, isidleke sengane esihlahleni
Amachwane achanyuselwa esanda kwe-pubescent, achitha esidlekeni kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3, ngemuva kwalokho ahamba nowesifazane emanzini bese eqala ukubhukuda okokuqala empilweni yabo, lapho bezama ukungena khona. Ukuzibambela amadada kuqale lapho enezinsuku eziyi-10-12 ubudala.
Kusukela lapho amadada asuka esidlekeni aye endizeni yawo yokuqala, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-55 kuye kwezingama-65, kwesinye isikhathi ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyoni ezihlala phansi, le nkathi iyandiswa futhi isukela ezinsukwini ezingama-70 kuye kwezingama-80, kanti nasezinyonini ezifudukayo kwesinye isikhathi yehliselwa ezinsukwini ezingama-50. Abahlanganisi bahlala ezimweni ezifanele iminyaka eyi-12-15, kanti futhi ngezinyoni ezihlala phansi, iminyaka yazo ingafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-16-17.
