Isilwane esidala kunazo zonke esihlala eNyakatho Melika - inyamazane eyi-pronghorn (lat. Antilocapra americana). Esikhathini sePleistocene, esaphela iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-11,7 edlule, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zalesi silwane, kodwa esikhathini sethu kwasinda eyodwa kuphela, enezinhlobo ezi-5 eziphansi.
Incazelo nezici ze-pronghorn
Akumangalisi ukuthi i-pronghorn yanikezwa igama elinjalo. Izimpondo zayo zibukhali futhi zigobile ngokwedlulele, futhi zikhula kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zinkulu kakhulu futhi ziwugqinsi (30 cm ubude), kanti ezinsikazi zincane (azidluli ubukhulu bezindlebe, cishe u-5-7 cm) futhi azinamagatsha.
Njengama-saigas, izimpondo ze-pronghorn zinesembozo esivuselelwa kanye ngonyaka ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa izinyanga ezine. Lesi isici esihle esiqinisekisa isikhundla esiphakathi kwamaphronghorn phakathi kwama-bovids nezinyamazane, ngoba ezinye izilwane ezinamakhava ezimpondo, ngokwesibonelo, izinkunzi nezimbuzi, azizichithi.
Ngokubukeka sbongile - isilwane esincane futhi esihle esinomzimba oguquguqukayo, ofana nenyamazane yenyamazane. Isifonyo, njengabameleli abaningi be-ungulates, side futhi side. Amehlo abukhali, makhulu, atholakala ezinhlangothini futhi akwazi ukubuka isikhala kuma-degree angama-360.
Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-130 cm, kanti ukuphakama kuya emahlombe kungama-cm 100. Isisindo singahluka kusuka ku-35 kuye ku-60 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa futhi banezindlala ze-mammary ezifika ku-6 esiswini sabo.
Ijazi le-pronghorn linsundu ngemuva futhi likhanya esiswini. Kukhona indawo emhlophe yenyanga emhlophe emphinjeni. Abesilisa bamnyama entanyeni nasembuzini ngendlela yesifihla-buso. Umsila mncane, useduze nomzimba. Imilenze inezinselo ezimbili ngaphandle kwezinzwane.
Isici sangaphakathi samaphronghorn ukuba khona kwenyongo futhi kwakheke nezindlala ezinukayo, eziheha abanye abantu ngephunga. Ukunyakaza okusheshayo kunikezwa yi-trachea ethuthukile namaphaphu amakhulu, inhliziyo enkulu, enesikhathi sokushayela ngokushesha igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
Imilenze yangaphambili ifakwe amaphedi enesifo esivumela ukunyakaza emhlabathini onamadwala aqinile ngaphandle kokulimaza izitho.
I-pronghorn ihlala kuliphi izwekazi nezici zokuziphatha kwayo, ukondla iNyakatho Melika kusuka eCanada kuya entshonalanga yeMexico kunezindawo eziningi ezivulekile (ama-steppes, amasimu, izingwadule kanye nama-semi -hlane), ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle, lapho kuhlala khona ama-pronghorn... Bahlala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi nohlaza oluningi.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane iPronghorn
Ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila emnandi, ama-pronghorn akwazi ukuphuza amanzi kanye ngesonto, njengoba izitshalo zigcwalisa wona. Kepha badla njalo, baphazamisa ukulala okuncane kwamahora amathathu.
Ama-pronghorn adla izitshalo ezinomuthi, amaqabunga ezihlahlana, ama-cactus atholakala endleleni, anele ngokwanele ezweni lapho i-pronghorn ihlala khona.
Ama-pronghorn anomkhuba wokwenza imisindo ehlukile, bekhuluma bodwa. Amantshontsho ayakhala, abiza unina, abesilisa babhonga kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulwa, abesifazane babiza izingane ezinegazi.
Ngu isivinini se-pronghorn okwesibili kuphela kwengulule futhi kukhula kuze kufike kuma-67 km / h, kushintshana ukugijima ngokugxuma ngamabanga amakhulu ka-0.6 km. Imilenze eyenziwe ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ivumela i-pronghorn ukuthi inganciphisi, ibalekele izilwane ezidlayo, kepha ayimeli ijubane elinjalo isikhathi eside futhi iphuma ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayisithupha.
Esithombeni, inyamazane yensikazi eyi-pronghorn
Ama-pronghorn awakwazi ukweqa izingqinamba eziphakeme, uthango, okuyisizathu sokufa kwezilwane eziningi ngezikhathi zeqhwa nendlala. Abakwazi ukuwela uthango, ukufinyelela ekudleni.
I-Pronghorn - isilwane ukuhlangana. Ekwindla nasebusika, abantu babuthana ndawonye bese benza ukufuduka ngaphansi kobuholi bomholi okhethiwe. Amaqiniso athokozisayo ngama-pronghorn ngukuthi insikazi ihlale ingumholi, kuthi amaduna amadala awangeni emhlambini, ahamba ngokwahlukana. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzala, amaqembu ayahlukana.
Ama-Antelopes amisa umlindi ngesikhathi sokudla, okuthi, lapho eqaphela ingozi, anikeze isignali kuwo wonke umhlambi. Ngayinye ngayinye, ama-pronghorn aqumba izinwele zawo, aphakamise uboya ekugcineni. Ngomzuzwana nje, i-alamu imboza zonke izilwane.
Isithombe sikhombisa umhlambi omncane wama-pronghorn
Uma kungekho ukudla ebusika, izinhlwathi zihamba amabanga amade, ngaphandle kokushintsha imizila iminyaka, ngamakhilomitha angama-300. Ukufika ekudleni, ama-pronghorn aphula iqhwa neqhwa, alimaze imilenze. Izilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela ama-pronghorn yizilwane ezinkulu: izimpisi, ama-lynx nama-coyotes.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalisa sisehlobo kanti isikhathi sokuqomisana sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene ahlala ezindaweni zawo, ezivikelwe ngokuqinile.
Kuqubuka izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa, ezigcina kabuhlungu kowehlulwanga. Abesilisa bathatha abesifazane abangafika kwabangu-15 baye ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, kungagcini kweyodwa. Uma insikazi ivuma ukungena ezindlini zabesifazane futhi yamukele ukuqomisana kowesilisa, iphakamisa umsila wayo, ivumela owesilisa ukuba ahlangane nayo.
Esithombeni, inyamazane eyi-pronghorn ene-cub
1-2 amawundlu azalwa kudoti owodwa kanye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-8. Izinsana azinakuzisiza, zikhonkotha ngombala ompunga onsundu nesisindo esincane esifinyelela ku-4 kg. Bacasha otshanini njengoba imilenze yabo ibuthakathaka futhi abakwazi ukubalekela ingozi. Umama uvakashela inzalo yakhe izikhathi ezine ngosuku ukuze ayondle.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5. izingane zingajoyina umhlambi omkhulu, futhi lapho ziba nezinyanga ezi-3. insikazi iyeka ukubondla ngobisi, kanti ama-pronghorn amancane ashintshela ekudleni utshani. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-7, kepha i-pronghorn kuyaqabukela iphila kuze kufike ku-12.
Ubudlelwano Bomuntu, Ukuzingela Nokuvikelwa Kwama-Pronghorn
Ngenxa yenyama, izimpondo nezikhumba, i-pronghorn yaba yinto yokuzingelwa kwabantu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani labantu lase lehle kakhulu, kwasala abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuphela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadolobha nezindawo zezolimo, izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane nazo zehla.
Indlala yenze inhlwathi idle umhlaba namasimu alimekayo, inyathele futhi idle okusanhlamvu, yenze ukulimala okuphindayo kubantu. Amahloni esilwane awavumeli ukwenza okuningi isithombe se-pronghorn.
Ama-subspecies ama-2 kwangu-5 ama-pronghorn afakiwe kwiRed Book ngenxa yenani labantu eliphansi. Ukuvikelwa kwalezi zilwane kuholele eqinisweni lokuthi inani labantu labo liyalulama kancane kancane, futhi manje isibalo sikhule safinyelela emakhanda ayizigidi ezi-3.
