Ukuduma kwezilwandle, ukufa okumhlophe, umbulali ononya - ngokushesha nje lapho bengasibizanga lesi sidalwa esinamandla nesasendulo esasinda kuma-dinosaurs. Igama lakhe ngu ushaka omkhulu omhlophe... Umzimba ophelele kakhudlwana awukho emvelweni.
Incazelo nezici zikashaka omkhulu omhlophe
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe (karcharodon) Ingesinye sezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye emhlabeni. Ifanelwe ukwaziwa kwayo njengoshaka odla umuntu ngakwesokudla: kunamacala amaningi abhalisiwe okuhlaselwa kwabantu.
Ulimi alunakulokotha ukuyibiza ngokuthi inhlanzi, kepha empeleni kunjalo: ushaka omhlophe ungowesigaba senhlanzi eqwashisayo. Igama elithi "ushaka" livela olimini lwamaViking, igama elithi "hakall" babiza ngokuphelele noma iyiphi inhlanzi.
Imvelo inikeze ngokukhululekile ushaka omkhulu omhlophe: ukubukeka kwayo akukashintshi ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka ebiphila emhlabeni. Usayizi wezinhlanzi ezinkulu (mega-fish) mkhulu kakhulu kunemikhomo ebulalayo, kwesinye isikhathi efinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Ubude obukhulu boshaka omhlophe, ngokusho kochthyologists, kungadlula amamitha ayi-12.
Kodwa-ke, kunemibono yesayensi kuphela mayelana nokuba khona kwalezi ziqhwaga, ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunayo yonke, eyabanjwa ngo-1945, yayingu-6.4 m ubude futhi isisindo sayo singamathani amathathu. Kungenzeka, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni usayizi ongakaze ubonwe, awukaze ubanjwe, futhi usika ngobubanzi bamanzi ekujuleni okungatholakali kubantu.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi seMfundo ePhakeme, nangamazinga oMhlaba muva nje, okhokho bakashaka omkhulu omhlophe - ama-megalodon - babehlala ekujuleni okukhulu kolwandle. Lezi zilo zifike kubude obungamamitha angama-30 (ukuphakama kwesakhiwo esinezitezi eziyi-10), futhi amadoda amadala ayi-8 akwazi ukungena kahle emilonyeni yawo.
Namuhla, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uwukuphela kohlobo oluphilayo lohlobo lwawo oluningi. Abanye baphela kanye nama-dinosaurs, ama-mammoth nezinye izilwane zasendulo.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba walesi silwane esingenakuqhathaniswa idwetshiwe ebangeni elimpunga onsundu, futhi ukugcwala kungaba okuhlukile: kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokucishe kube mnyama.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha ubude
Kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Isisu simhlophe, yingakho ushaka waba negama laso. Umugqa ophakathi kwempunga emuva nesisu esimhlophe awubushelelezi futhi abushelelezi. Kunalokho iphukile noma idabukile.
Lo mbala ufihla kahle oshaka kukholamu lamanzi: kusukela ekubukeni kohlangothi, izinhlaka zalo ziba bushelelezi futhi zicishe zingabonakali, uma ubuka phezulu, ubumnyama emuva buxubana nezithunzi nezwe elingaphansi.
Amathambo kashaka omkhulu omhlophe awanazo izicubu zethambo, kepha konke kuqukethe uqwanga. Umzimba ohlanjululwe onekhanda elenziwe ngesigaxa umbozwe izikali ezinokwethenjelwa neziminyene, ezifanayo ngesakhiwo nobulukhuni bamazinyo kashaka.
Lezi zikali zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amazinyo e-dermal". Kwezinye izimo, igobolondo likashaka alikwazi ukugwazwa ngisho nangommese, futhi uma uliphulula ezinhlamvwini, kuzosala ukusikeka okujulile.
Isimo somzimba kashaka omhlophe sikulungele ukubhukuda nokujaha inyamazane. Uketshezi olukhethekile olunemfihlo olufihlwe isikhumba sikashaka lusiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukumelana. Ingafinyelela ngejubane elifinyelela ku-40 km / h, futhi lokhu akukho emoyeni, kepha kubukhulu bamanzi anosawoti!
Ukunyakaza kwakhe kunomusa futhi kuhle kakhulu, ubonakala ehla emanzini, ngaphandle kokwenza noma yimuphi umzamo. Le whopper ingenza kalula ukweqa kwamamitha amathathu ngaphezulu kwamanzi, umbukwane kufanele kuthiwe uyathakazelisa.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awunawo umoya wokuwugcina untanta, futhi ukuze ungacwila, kufanele usebenze njalo namaphiko awo.
Ubuningi obukhulu besibindi noqwanga oluncane busiza ukuntanta kahle. Umfutho wegazi wesilwane esidla ubuthakathaka futhi ukuze uvuselele ukugeleza kwegazi, kufanele futhi uqhubeke nokunyakaza, ngaleyo ndlela usize imisipha yenhliziyo.
Bukela i isithombe sikashaka omkhulu omhlopheevule umlomo kakhulu, uzwa ukwethuka nokwethuka, futhi izigaxa zeqhubu zehla ngesikhumba sakho. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kunzima ukucabanga ithuluzi eliphelele kakhulu lokubulala.
Amazinyo ihlelwe ngemigqa engu-3-5, futhi ushaka omhlophe zivuselelwa njalo. Esikhundleni sezinyo eliphukile noma elilahlekile, elisha likhula ngokushesha kusuka emgqeni wokugcina. Isibalo samazinyo esiswini somlomo cishe singama-300, ubude bungaphezu kuka-5 cm.
Isakhiwo samazinyo naso sicatshangwa, njengakho konke okunye. Zinokuma okukhonjiwe nezinsipho ezenza kube lula ukukhipha izingcezwana ezinkulu zenyama kwisisulu sazo esineshwa.
Amazinyo oshaka cishe awanazimpande futhi aphuma kalula. Cha, lokhu akulona iphutha lemvelo, kunalokho okuphambene nalokho: izinyo elibhajwe emzimbeni wesisulu liphuca umhlaseli ithuba lokuvula umlomo wakhe wokungenisa umoya wezinsimbi ze-branchial, inhlanzi imane isengozini yokuphefumula.
Kulesi simo, kungcono ukulahlekelwa yizinyo kunokuphila. Ngendlela, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ubuyisela cishe amazinyo ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umhlathi kashaka omhlophe, ukukhama inyamazane, unengcindezi kuwo ongafinyelela kumathani ama-2 cm².
Kunamazinyo angaba ngu-300 emlonyeni kashaka omhlophe.
Impilo enhle kashaka omhlophe nendawo yokuhlala
Oshaka abamhlophe bangamalungu ezimweni eziningi. Banendawo, kepha, bakhombisa inhlonipho kubafowabo abakhulu ngokubazivumela ukuba bazingele emanzini abo. Ukuziphatha komphakathi koshaka kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engafundiswanga kahle.
Kwesinye isikhathi bathembekile eqinisweni lokuthi abanye babelana ngokudla kwabo, kwesinye isikhathi kuphambene. Ngokukhetha kwesibili, bakhombisa ukungenami kwabo ngokukhombisa imihlathi yabo, kepha kuyaqabukela bejezise umuntu ongenile.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe utholakala endaweni yeshalofu eseduze nogu cishe emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho. Lolu hlobo luyi-thermophilic: izinga lokushisa lamanzi elilungile kubo lingu-12-24 ° C. Ukuhlungwa kukasawoti nakho kuyisici esibalulekile, ngoba awenele oLwandle Olumnyama futhi laba oshaka abatholakali kuwo.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uyaphila ngasogwini, eMexico, eCalifornia, eNew Zealand. Abantu abaningi babonwa eduze naseMauritius, Kenya, Madagascar, Seychelles, Australia, eGuadeloupe. Lezi zidalwa zijwayele ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka futhi zingahamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
Ukudla okukhulu kukashaka omhlophe
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uyigazi elibandayo, elibalayo. Uhlasela izingonyama zasolwandle, izimvu zamanzi, izimvu zoboya, izimfudu. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezinkulu, oshaka badla i-tuna futhi kaningi izidumbu.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awunqikazi ukuzingela ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zohlobo lwazo, kanye namahlengethwa. Kulaba bokugcina, baqamekela futhi bahlasele ngemuva, bephuca isisulu ithuba lokusebenzisa i-echolocation.
Imvelo yenze ushaka waba ngumbulali ofanelekile: umbono wayo ungcono izikhathi eziyishumi kunomuntu, indlebe yangaphakathi ithatha amaza aphansi nemisindo yohlu lwe-infrared.
Umuzwa wephunga lesilwane esidlayo uhlukile: ushaka anganuka igazi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-1: 1,000,000, ehambelana nethisipuni elingu-1 echibini elikhulu lokubhukuda. Ukuhlaselwa kukashaka omhlophe umbani uyashesha: kungadluli isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzwana kusukela lapho umlomo uvuleka kuze kube sekugcineni kwemihlathi.
Ufaka amazinyo afana nensingo emzimbeni wesisulu, ushaka unikina ikhanda lakhe, akhumule iziqu ezinkulu zenyama. Angagwinya inyama engafika ku-13 kg ngesikhathi. Imihlathi yesilwane esidla igazi inamandla kangangokuba ingaluma kalula ngamathambo amakhulu, noma ngisho nayo yonke inyamazane ngesigamu.
Isisu sikashaka sikhulu futhi siyanwebeka, singabamba ukudla okuningi kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-hydrochloric acid ingekho eyanele yokugaya, izinhlanzi bese ziyiphendulela ngaphakathi, zisuse okweqile. Ngokumangazayo, izindonga zesisu azilimazi ngamazinyo abukhali angunxantathu alesi sidalwa esinamandla.
Ukuhlasela Okukhulu Koshaka Omhlophe Umuntu ngamunye uyenzeka, iningi labatshuzi kanye nabagibeli bamanzi abahlushwa yiyo. Abantu abayona ingxenye yokudla kwabo; kunalokho, isilwane sihlasela ngephutha, senza iphutha ebhodini lokuntweza njengophawu lwendlovu noma uphawu.
Enye incazelo yalolu hlaselo ukuhlasela kwendawo yomuntu oshaka, indawo lapho isetshenziselwa ukuzingela khona. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akavamile ukudla inyama yomuntu, uvame ukuyikhafula, abone ukuthi wayenephutha.
Ubukhulu futhi nezici zomzimba azizinikezi izisulu ushaka omkhulu omhlophe hhayi ithuba elincane lensindiso. Eqinisweni, ayinakho ukuncintisana okufanelekile phakathi kwezilwandle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abantu abangaphansi kuka-4 m ubude, okungenzeka ukuthi bangamahloni amancane. Oshaka besifazane bayakwazi ukukhulelwa kungakadluli iminyaka engu-12-14. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi - abaneminyaka engu-10. Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bazala ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Le ndlela itholakala kuphela ezinhlanzini zezinhlayiya ezibulalayo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-11, bese kuthi amawundlu amaningi achamisele esibelethweni sikanina. Abanamandla badla ababuthakathaka besengaphakathi.
Ama-2-3 oshaka abazimele ngokuphelele bazalwa. Ngokwezibalo, u-2/3 wabo akahlali unyaka, eba yisisulu sezinhlanzi ezindala ngisho nonina uqobo.
Ngenxa yokukhulelwa isikhathi eside, ukukhiqiza okuphansi nokuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi, inani loshaka abamhlophe lehla ngokuncipha. Izilwandle zomhlaba zihlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-4500.
