Izilwane zase-Antarctica ehlobene ngqo nesimo sezulu sayo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinto eziphilayo zaleli zwekazi zitholakala kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kunezitshalo khona.
Ngokwolwazi olutholwe kososayensi, konke izilwane zase-Antarctica, zihlukaniswe ngamanzi nomhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, abekho abamele izilwane zomhlaba ngokuphelele kuleli zwekazi. Uhlu lwezilwane zase-Antarctica (ethandwa kakhulu) ivezwe ngezansi.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zase-Antarctica
Uphawu lwe-Weddell
Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwathola igama lalo ngenxa yomlawuli wohambo lwezimboni kolunye lolwandle lwase-Antarctica (nalo lathola igama lalo ngokuhlonipha lo sosayensi) - uJames Weddell.
Lolu hlobo lwesilwane luhlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezisogwini lwe-Antarctica. Ngokwezibalo, okwamanje, inani lazo liyizinkulungwane ezingama-800.
Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo angafika kubude obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-350. Umehluko wabo ukuthi bangaba ngaphansi kwamanzi ihora lonke. Ukudla kwabo kufaka izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods, abazibamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-800.
Ekwindla yonyaka, badla izimbobo eqhweni elisanda kuvela ukuze bakwazi ukuphefumula. Izenzo ezinjalo ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi kumalungu amadala ezinhlobo, amazinyo, njengomthetho, aphukile.
Ukufanekiswa uphawu lwe-Weddell
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater
Uphawu lwe-crabeater lwaziwa njengolukuphela kwalo emndenini wezimpawu zeqiniso. Luhlobo olusatshalaliswa kakhulu lwezimpawu hhayi kuphela kulabo abahlala e-Antarctica, kepha futhi naphakathi kwalabo abahlala ebukhulu bomhlaba. Ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene zososayensi, inani labo lihluka kusuka kubantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-40.
Igama lalezi zilwane alihlangene nakancane neqiniso, ngoba izinkalankala azifakwanga ekudleni kwazo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zidla ikakhulu i-Antarctic krill.
Usayizi wezimpawu zasolwandle, ezifinyelele ebudaleni, zingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-220-260, kanti isisindo sazo sihluka kusuka kuma-200 kuya kuma-300 kilograms.
Kunomzimba ovulekile futhi omncane. Isifonyo sihlangene futhi sincane. Umbala wangempela woboya bawo ubunsundu ngokumnyama, kepha ngemuva kokufiphala uba mhlophe okakhilimu.
Izimpawu zaseCrabeater zinamazinyo asemaceleni anama-scalloped-lumpy. Lesi sakhiwo sisho ukuthi zilingana kahle futhi zakha uhlobo lwesihlungo esivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukuhlunga ukudla.
Ikhwalithi ehlukile yalolu hlobo lwezimpawu ukuthi ogwini, bakha amaqembu amakhulu aminyene. IHabitat - Izilwandle eziseceleni kwe-Antarctic.
Bazihlelela ama-rookeries eqhweni, lapho behamba khona ngokushesha ngokwanele. Isikhathi esithandwayo sokuzingela sisebusuku. Ukwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-11.
Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa izingane, owesilisa uhlala ehlala esondelene nowesifazane, emtholela ukudla futhi axoshe amanye amaduna. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Esithombeni kunophawu lwe-crabeater
Ingwe yasolwandle
Izimpawu zeNgwe ziphakathi kwezinto ezingalindelekile futhi izilwane ezithakazelisayo ze-Antarcticangoba, naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuhle, kuyisilwane esidla ezinye.
Inomzimba ovikelekile oyivumela ukuthi ihambe ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinye izimvu zamanzi. Ukuma kwekhanda kuthambile, okujwayeleke kakhulu kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo zezilwane. Imilenze yangaphambili ivulekile, ethinta futhi ijubane lokuhamba emanzini.
Indoda endala yalolu hlobo ingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amathathu, kanti abesifazane bakhulu futhi bangakhula baze bafike kumamitha amane. Ngokwesisindo, emadodeni ezinhlobo kungamakhilogremu angama-270, kanti kwabesifazane cishe ngama-400 kilograms.
Umzimba ongenhla umpunga omnyama kanti owangaphansi umhlophe ngokwesiliva. Bahlala kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokusatshalaliswa kweqhwa e-Antarctic.
Izimpawu zezingwe zidla ezinye zezihlobo zazo, okuyizimpawu ze-crabeater, izimvu zamanzi ze-Weddell, izimvu zamanzi ezilengisiwe, namaphengwini.
Izingwe zezingwe zikhetha ukubamba nokubulala inyamazane yazo emanzini, kepha noma ngabe inyamazane iphumela eqhweni, ngeke isinde, ngoba lezi zilwane eziyizilwane zizoyilandela lapho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwalezi zilwane kufaka abantu abancane, ngokwesibonelo, i-Antarctic krill. Lolu hlobo lwezimpawu luyisidleke, ngakho-ke umuntu ngamunye wayo uhlala yedwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amaqembu amancane angakha phakathi kwabamele abasha bezinhlobo.
Okuwukuphela kwesikhathi abesifazane nabesilisa bohlobo lokuxhumana nezinhlobo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana (isikhathi esiphakathi kwenyanga yokugcina yasebusika naphakathi nasekwindla). Mate kuphela emanzini. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesifazane bangazala izinyane elilodwa kuphela. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinhlobo cishe siyiminyaka engama-26.
Esithombeni sengwe yesithombe
Ross uphawu
Lolu hlobo lwezimpawu lwathola igama lalo ukuhlonipha omunye wabahloli bamazwe abadumile baseNgilandi - uJames Ross. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu ezihlala e-Antarctica, ivelela ubukhulu bayo obuncane.
Umuntu omdala walezi zinhlobo angafika kubude obungamamitha amabili, ngenkathi enesisindo esifinyelela kuma-200 kilograms. Uphawu lweRoss lunengqimba enkulu yamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba nentamo ejiyile, lapho ingacishe idonse ikhanda layo ngokuphelele. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubukeka kwayo kufana nomgqomo omncane.
Umbala uyahlukahluka futhi ungaba usundu uze ucishe ube mnyama. Izinhlangothi nesisu kuhlale kukhanya - kumhlophe noma ukhilimu ngombala. I-Ross seal ingeyohlobo izilwane zasenyakatho ye-Antarctica (hlala enyakatho yezwekazi, eligcwele izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo ngocwaningo), ngakho-ke akufundwa. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Okufanekisiwe uphawu lukaRoss
Indlovu Yasolwandle
Lolu hlobo lophawu lwathola igama lalo ngenxa yokubukeka kwalo okuhambisanayo, okungukuthi ikhala elifana nekhala nosayizi omkhulu womzimba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikhala elifana nesiqu likhona kuphela emadodeni amadala alolu hlobo; abantu abasha nabesifazane banqatshelwe lokhu kumila kwamakhala.
Imvamisa, ikhala lifinyelela usayizi walo omkhulu ngunyaka wesishiyagalombili wophawu lwendlovu, bese ilenga phezu komlomo namakhala. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, inani elikhulu legazi lingena ekhaleni, okwandisa ubungako balo. Kwakunezimo ezinje lapho ngesikhathi somzabalazo phakathi kwabesilisa, babedabula amakhala bodwa.
Kulezi zinhlobo zezimpawu zamanzi, ubukhulu besilisa buphindwa kaningana ubukhulu besifazane. Isibonelo, owesilisa angakhula afike kumamitha ayi-6.5 ubude, kepha owesifazane aze afike kumamitha ayi-3.5 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sophawu lwendlovu singaba ngamathani ayi-4.
Zikhetha indlela yokuphila yodwa, kepha minyaka yonke zihlangana ngamaqembu ukuze zihlangane. Ngenxa yokuthi inani labesifazane lidlula kakhulu inani labesilisa, izimpi ezinegazi zilwelwa ukutholakala kwezidlakela eziphakathi kwalezi zakamuva. Lezi zilwane zidla izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods. Bangakwazi ukudonsela inyamazane ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-1400.
Okufanekisiwe uphawu lwendlovu
Izinyoni zase-Antarctica
I-Emperor penguin
Ukubuza umbuzo yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Antarctica, abantu abaningi bakhumbula ngokushesha ngama-penguin, ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi empeleni bayizinyoni. Olunye lwezinhlobo zamaphengwini ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Emperor Penguin.
Akuyona kuphela enkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa futhi iyona esinda kunazo zonke izinhlobo zephengwini ezihlala emhlabeni. Ukuphakama kwakhe kungafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-122, futhi isisindo sakhe sisuka ku-22 kuye ku-45 kilograms. Abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bancane kunabesilisa kanti ubude babo obukhulu ngamasentimitha ayi-114.
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zama-penguin, nazo zigqama ngenxa yemisipha yazo. La maphengwini anezimpaphe ezimnyama emihlane yawo, kanti amhlophe esifubeni - lolu hlobo lokuvikelwa ezitheni. Kunezimpaphe ezimbalwa ezingamawolintshi ngaphansi kwentamo nasezihlathini.
Cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-300 zala ma-penguin ahlala endaweni yase-Antarctica, kepha afudukela eningizimu ukuyozala futhi abeke amaqanda. La ma-penguin adla izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, i-squid ne-krill.
Zihlala futhi zizingela ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu. Izilwane ezincane zidliwa khona lapho, kodwa ezinkulu zihudulelwa ogwini ukuze zihlatshwe. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-25.
I-Emperor penguin
I-petrel yesithwathwa
I-petrel yeqhwa iyinyoni eyaqala ukutholwa ngo-1777 nguJohann Reingold Forster. Ubude bomzimba balolu hlobo lwe-petrel bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40, amaphiko afinyelele kuma-95 cm.
Umbala umhlophe, kuphela emphethweni ongaphezulu ongaphezulu weso kukhona indawo encane emnyama. Uqhwaku lumnyama. Izidladla zalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bazithanda kakhulu izindiza eziphansi, ngaphezulu ngenhla kwamanzi.
Ama-petrels ahlala phansi. Ukudla kufaka ama-crustaceans amancane, i-Antarctic krill, i-squid. Bangakha izidleke ngababili abahlukene noma ngamaqembu. Zikhetha ukwakha izidleke emithambekeni yezintaba ezinamadwala. Ngesikhathi sokudla, owesilisa uhlinzeka ngokudla nokuvikelwa.
I-petrel yesithwathwa
Ngeshwa, konke kwethulwe izithombe zezilwane zase-Antarctica abakwazi ukupenda ngokuphelele ubuhle babo, futhi kusathenjwa ukuthi ngelinye ilanga i-Antarctica izovulela ngokugcwele izindawo zayo kubantu.
