Abantu bavame ukufaka izimfanelo zobuntu ezilwaneni futhi bathole ukuthamba kulokhu. Amahlengethwa yizilwane ezincelisayo ezivela ku-oda lama-cetaceans, anesimo sengqondo esikhethekile.
Amakhono abo obuhlakani ngandlela thile aze adlule neHomo sapiens. Kwizizukulwane eziyi-19, izinhlobo ezingama-40 zemikhomo enamazinyo, ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela, okuvame kakhulu, lapho kukhulunywa ngamahlengethwa, kuba umfanekiso wakhe ovelayo.
Incazelo nezici zehlengethwa le-bottlenose
Kungani wafaka amazinyo? Emikhomeni, amazinyo awenzi umsebenzi wokuhlafuna; asebenzela ukubamba izinhlanzi, ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Ngabe ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela kuningi lazo, kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200, elinomumo oyindilinga, futhi zitholakala ku-beak-melon.
Amaphaseji emakhaleni ahlanganiswe ekuvulekeni okukodwa endaweni ephezulu yogebhezi, ibunzi uqobo lwalo luyindilinga. Isifonyo sinwetshiwe, ikhanda lincane (kufika ku-60 cm), kepha kunama-convolutions aphindwe kabili ku-cortex yaso yobuchopho (enesisindo esifinyelela ku-1.7 kg) kunabantu (isisindo esimaphakathi esingu-1.4 kg).
Amahlengethwa ama-Bottlenose anezinyo ezingafika ku-200 emilonyeni yawo
Yize ososayensi bephikisana ngokuthembela kokuqina kobuchopho ekubuseni kobuhlakani, kukhona okukule. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lusebenza ngamaslits phezulu ekhanda.
Ngenxa yomzimba wabo omncane, ohlanjululwe, bayakwazi ukuguquguquka futhi bayashesha. Kumathambo omlomo wesibeletho ayi-7, ama-5 ahlanganisiwe. Izindlu ezisuka kumamitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-3.5. Abesifazane bangaphansi kuka-15-20 cm.Isisindo esimaphakathi singama-300 kg. Njengomthetho, umbala womzimba unamathoni amabili.
Ingemuva kuyimpunga ngombala onsundu, isisu sikhanya ngokukhanyayo okumhlophe ukuya ku-beige. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezilwane ezinamaphethini ezinhlangothini, kepha amaphethini awabizwa ngokwanele, ajwayele ukushintsha.
Ukukhuluma nge incazelo yehlengethwa yebhodlela, amaphiko ayo atholakala esifubeni, emuva nasemsileni afanele ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. Amaphiko anomthwalo wokushintshanisa ukushisa kwesilwane esincelisayo nemvelo.
Uma lokhu kwephulwa, imvamisa ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu, imisebenzi ebalulekile yehlengethwa iyaphazamiseka, okungaholela ekufeni. Kukholakala ukuthi banobungane, bayamukela, kepha baseyizilwane. Ubudlova babo bubonakala ekuhlaseleni, okushaya ngomsila, nokuluma isitha. Kuyenzeka ukuthi zizingele zihambisana noshaka.
Isimo esihle sibonakala ngokuthinta, ukuphulula. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlukile umsindo wehlengethwa obizwa ngebhodlela. Banesistimu yabo yezimpawu zemisindo, ezifana nezomuntu:
- umsindo, uhlamvu, ibinzana;
- isigaba, umongo, ulimi lwesigodi.
Izimpawu zeCetacean zehlela kumaza aphezulu e-ultrasonic aze afike ku-200 kHz, indlebe yethu ibona kuze kufike ku-20 kHz. Ukuqondisisa yini amahlengethwa asebhodleleni enza umsindo, kufanele ihlukaniswe:
- "Impempe" noma "ukutshiyoza" (kwesinye isikhathi njengokukhonkotha) - kuvezwa lapho kukhulunywa nabantu besizwe sakithi, kanye nalapho kubonakala khona imizwa;
- sonar (echolocation) - ukuhlola isimo, ukukhomba izithiyo, lapho uzingela.
I-sonar ye-ultrasonic esetshenziswa ekwelapheni abantu abane-zootherapy.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Bottlenose dolphin nendawo yokuhlala
Amanzi oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba wonke, angavamile ukubanda, avame ukufudumala, ayikhaya lezinyoni zasendle. Kepha kunezindawo lapho uzohlangana nazo ngokuqinisekile:
- Isiqhingi iGreenland;
- Izilwandle ZaseNorway neBaltic;
- IMedithera, Olubomvu, izilwandle zaseCaribbean;
- IGulf of Mexico;
- eduze nezindawo zeNew Zealand, i-Argentina neJapan.
Bahlala impilo yokuhlala phansi, kepha bayakwazi ukuzulazula. Ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela liyaphila emphakathini okhethekile lapho kukhona amaqembu (abantu abadala, abakhulayo, abancane).
Ihlengethwa lehlengethwa le-bottlenose dolphin
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingaba nomlingiswa oguqukayo, zihlangane emhlambini omkhulu, zizishiye, zikhethe ezinye. Ngenkathi behlala ekuthunjweni, banobukhosi babo. Ubuholi bunqunywa ngamapharamitha womzimba, amayunithi weminyaka, ubulili.
Ijubane labo lokunyakaza lifika ku-6 km / h, umkhawulo walo ophakeme ufinyelela ku-40 km / h, bagxuma bafike kumamitha ama-5 ukuphakama. Bathanda ukulala eduze kobuso bamanzi, kepha ngesikhathi sokulala elinye lama-hemispheres lihlala liphapheme.
Yabelana izinhlobo zehlengethwa i-bottlenose:
- ulwandle olumnyama;
- indian;
- Wase-Australia;
- empumalanga ekude.
Ku-Black Sea kuhlala abantu abayi-7 000 Ihlengethwa laseBlack Black dolphin, inani labo liyancipha. Lokhu kungenxa yokungcola kwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuthunyelwa komhlaba, kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
IDolphin incamela ukulala onqenqemeni lwamanzi
Izingozi ze-technogenesis ngesimo semithombo kawoyela, i-sonars, ukuzivocavoca kwezempi, ucwaningo lokuzamazama komhlaba, zinomthelela omubi kubo bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngeshwa, ihlengethwa le-bottlenose encwadini ebomvu akusiyo eyokugcina ekuqothulweni.
Ukudla kwehlengethwa kwebottlenose
Lapho zifuna ukudla, ama-cetacean kwesinye isikhathi azingela ebusuku. Ama-sardine, ama-anchovies, i-croaker, ama-sea bass abhekwa njengokudla okumnandi okuthandwayo. Isisulu sikhethwa ngosayizi 5 - 30 cm ubude.
Kepha imenyu yabo ibanzi kakhulu, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ngisho nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezitholakala eduze nogu ziyazingelwa. Zondla ngawodwana nangokuzingelwa kweqembu.
Le kuyindlela eyingqayizivele, lapho umhlambi wezilwane ezincelisayo usebenzisa i-echolocation ijaha izinhlanzi, iziphonsa enqwabeni eminyene. Kwakunezikhathi lapho babesiza khona abadobi ngokuheha izicathulo enetheni.
Isabelo sansuku zonke sisukela ku-5 kg siye ku-16 kg. Vuliwe isithombe ihlengethwa ihlengethwa le-bottlenose okuvame ukukhonjiswa njengokuntywila emanzini, i-physiology yabo ibavumela ukuthi bangene kumamitha angama-300.
Lapho befuna ukudla, bavame ukucwila ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100, bangaphansi kwamanzi kuze kube yimizuzu engu-7, isikhathi sokutshuza esiphezulu sifinyelela imizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kwalokho badinga ukuphefumula umoya. Noma belele emanzini, abacabangi, ngaphandle kokuvuka, ngaphezulu ukuze bamunce umoya-mpilo omusha.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwesikhathi sempilo sehlengethwa
Intwasahlobo nehlobo isikhathi esikahle sokuzala. Owesifazane uneminyaka emihlanu futhi owesilisa uba ngabazali eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngehlengethwa le-bottlenose yisithembu sabo kanye nokukwazi ukuzalana nama-cetaceans amanye ama-subspecies.
Umsele wokukhwelana uhlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuye emavikini ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ezincelisayo zibhukuda zibheke ngokukhethekile, zigobe imizimba yazo, zishaye, zilume, zihlikihle ngamaphiko azo nekhanda. Isandulela sihambisana namasiginali womsindo.
Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ekuhambeni nangaphezu kokukodwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe unyaka, ngaphambi kokubeletha, lowo muntu uba mbumbulu, abe sengozini. Ingane ivela ngaphansi kwamanzi, umsila uphuma kuqala, ukubeletha kungadlulela emahoreni ama-2.
Ekupheleni kwenqubo, wonke umhlambi uthokoze kakhulu, uyajabula, kanti usana olusanda kuzalwa nonina kanye "ne-cartage" yezinsikazi, ludinga phezulu ebusweni ukuze luthathe umoya wokuqala womoya.
Esithombeni, ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela elinamazinyane
Lapho ibonakala, ithole linobude obufinyelela kuma-60 cm, ngokushesha lizama ukuthola izingono zesifazane. Ekuqaleni, ihlengethwa alimshiyi unina, londla ubisi izinyanga eziyi-18 noma ngaphezulu, okuthi ngokuya ngamafutha kudlule okwenkomo. Ukunambitha ukudla okuqinile ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine zokuphila.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifana nomuntu. Izifo nazo ziyafana, ziyazi ukuthi isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo siyini. Impilo yalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ingahlala iminyaka engama-40.
