Izilwane emhlabeni wezwekazi lase-Afrika
Isimo sezulu se-Afrika, esisendaweni ekhanyisa kakhulu futhi sicindezelwe yimisebe yelanga enomusa, siyathandeka kakhulu ekuhlaleni izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo endaweni yaso.
Kungakho izilwane zezwekazi licebile ngokweqile, futhi ngezilwane e-Afrika kunezinganekwane eziningi ezinhle nezindaba ezimangazayo. Futhi kuphela imisebenzi yabantu, engathinti ukuguquka kwemvelo ngendlela enhle kakhulu, enikela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nokwehla kwesibalo sabantu bazo, ngenkathi kubangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka emvelweni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze ulondoloze ngendlela yalo ehlukile umhlaba wezilwane wase-afrika Muva nje, sekwakhiwe indawo yokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle, amapaki emvelo nawesizwe, ahlala aheha izivakashi eziningi ngethuba lokujwayelana nezilwane ezicebe kakhulu ezwekazini futhi atadishe ngokujulile umhlaba oyingqayizivele wemvelo eshisayo neyesifudumele.
Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke sekuyisikhathi eside behehwa yilezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangazayo, okwakuyisihloko sezifundo eziningi zesayensi namaqiniso athakazelisayo agcwele okumnandi imibiko mayelana izilwane zase-afrika.
Ukuqala indaba yezilwane zaleli zwekazi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushisa nomswakama kule nsimu enkulu, eseduze nenkabazwe, kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani.
Lesi bekuyisizathu sokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Phakathi kwazo:
- amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza okotshani, anomswakama ocebile;
- ihlathi elingenamkhawulo elingenamkhawulo;
- ama-savanna amakhulu namahlathi, kuhlala cishe isigamu sendawo ephelele yezwekazi lonke.
Izici zemvelo ezinjalo ngokungangabazeki zishiya uphawu lwazo okwehlukahluka kanye nezici ezihlukile zemvelo yezwekazi.
Futhi zonke lezi zindawo zesimo sezulu, ngisho nalezo eziphefumula ukushisa okungenamusa kogwadule ne-semi-desert, zigcwele futhi zigcwele izinto eziphilayo. Nakhu okumbalwa, abameleli abavame kakhulu bezilwane zezwekazi elishisayo elishisayo, izilwane zasendle zase-afrika.
Ibhubesi
Inkosi yezilwane ibalwa ngokufanele phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu ezidla izwekazi. Indawo yokuhlala enhle neyintandokazi yalesi silwane sasemhlabeni esinomhlwenga ojiyile, onesisindo somzimba kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-227 kg, yindwangu, eheha lezi zidalwa ezixakekile ezinendawo evulekile, edingekayo ngenkululeko yokuhamba, ubukhona bezimbobo zokunisela namathuba amakhulu okuzingela ngempumelelo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala zihlala lapha ngobuningi izilwane zase-afrika Ingabe izisulu ezivamile zalesi sidlakela esinonya. Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuqothulwa ngokweqile kwamabhubesi eNingizimu Afrika, eLibya naseGibhithe, izidalwa zasendle ezinjalo ezithanda inkululeko nezinamandla ngokwazo zaba izisulu zothando olungalawuleki nonya, futhi namuhla zitholakala ikakhulu eMaphakathi ne-Afrika kuphela.
Impisi
Isilwane esincelisayo esifinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude, okuyisakhamuzi se-savanna kanye namahlathi. Ngokubukeka, lezi zilwane zibukeka njengezinja ezi-angular eziphazamisekile.
Impisi ingeyesigaba sezilwane ezidla ezinye, idla izidumbu futhi ihola impilo esebenzayo ebusuku. Umbala wesilwane ungaba bomvu noma uphuzi omnyama onamabala noma imivimbo eguqukayo ezinhlangothini.
Ujakalasi
Lesi isihlobo sezimpisi ezimpunga, ezinokufana kwangaphandle nazo, kepha zincane ngosayizi. Ihlala kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Afrika, isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinkulu, futhi inani elikhulu lezimpungushe alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kudla ukudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi okungaxutshiwe, izinambuzane nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezithelo nakho kufakiwe ekudleni.
Indlovu
Indlovu edumile yase-Afrika iyisakhamuzi sayo yomibili lendwangu eyelulwa ngamakhilomitha kanye nehlathi elicebile ngohlaza olushisayo.
Ukuphakama kwalezi zilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho, konke okwaziwa ngohlamvu lwazo olunokuthula nosayizi omkhulu, izilwane cishe zingamamitha ama-4.
Futhi isisindo, esifinyelela emzimbeni wabo omangalisayo, silinganiselwa kumathani ayisikhombisa nangaphezulu. Ngokumangazayo, ngokwakhiwa kwazo, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuhamba ezihlahleni zemithi eminyene cishe buthule.
Okufanekisiwe yindlovu yase-Afrika
Ubhejane omhlophe
Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngemuva kwezindlovu ezivela ezilwaneni ezihlala endaweni enkulu yase-Afrika. Inesisindo esingamathani amathathu.
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, umbala walesi silwane awumhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi umthunzi wesikhumba saso uncike ohlotsheni lomhlabathi wendawo esihlala kuyo, futhi ungaba mnyama, ube bomvu, futhi ube lula. Izimila ezidliwayo ezinjengalezi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile zesembozo ezihlahleni zezihlahla.
Ubhejane omhlophe
Ubhejane Omnyama
Isilwane esinamandla futhi esikhulu, kepha isisindo somzimba waso ngokuvamile asidluli kumathani amabili. Umhlobiso ongangabazeki wezidalwa ezinjalo ubili, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nezimpondo ezintathu noma ezinhlanu.
Udebe oluphezulu lukabhejane lunokubonakala kwe-proboscis futhi ilenga ngaphezulu kwaleso esingezansi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukukha amaqabunga emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Esithombeni ubhejane omnyama
Ingwe
Okungajwayelekile ebuhleni bayo, ingwe enkulu yekati enomusa, evame ukutholakala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi, kufaka phakathi futhi, ikhanyiswe yimisebe eshisayo yelanga elishisayo, indawo engenamanzi oGwadule iSahara oludumile.
Imibala yoboya obujiyile obunjalo izilwane zase-afrika, izidlakela ingqikithi yayo, iyakhanga ngendlela eyisimanga: amabala amnyama amhlophe ahlakazekile kuyo yonke imvelaphi ejwayelekile ephuzi, womabili amasongo aqinile futhi afana nesimo.
Ingulule
Abameleli abanjalo bomndeni we-feline nabo bayathokozela umusa ovuthayo, kepha bayahluka ezihlotsheni zabo ngezindlela eziningi, ukufana okuphawuleka kwangaphandle nenja egreyhound futhi, njengayo, bayashintshwa ukuze basebenze ngokushesha.
Izingulule ziyathanda ukugibela ezihlahleni futhi zinoboya obufushane, obunamabala nomsila omude, omncane. Zitholakala emadwaleni nasogwadule, ziyizidlakudla ezingandile, imvamisa ziyazingela emini.
Indlulamithi
Isilwane, esidume ngobude bentamo yaso, singokwe-oda lezilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl. Ukuphakama kwayo kusuka emhlabathini kungafinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-6, okusiza kakhulu lezi zilwane ezidla utshani ukukha amaqabunga nezithelo ezihlahleni ezinde.
Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana nezindlulamithi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene kunayo yonke, okubangelwa izazi zebhayoloji ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezikwaziyo ukuzalana. Ososayensi baze bathi cishe cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngisho nezilwane ezimbalwa ezinentamo ende ezinomthunzi womzimba ofanayo.
Amadube
Izidalwa zihlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile njenge-equines. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamadube zingahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, nasezingwadule nasemathafeni.
Ziyaziwa yonke indawo ngombala wazo onemigqa, lapho imibala emnyama nemhlophe iyashintshana, umuntu ngamunye abe ngumnikazi wephethini ngayinye. Lo mbala ngokumelene nemvelaphi yemvelo udida izidalwa futhi uyakwazi ngisho nokuvikela ezinambuzaneni ezicasulayo.
Inyathi
Imihlambi emikhulu yalezi zilwane ezinkulu ezinezimpondo ezinkulu izulazula kulezi zihlahla, ihlala ikakhulukazi eningizimu yoGwadule iSahara. Laba bangabaphikisi abesabekayo bezitha zabo, bangahlasela namabhubesi eqenjini, kepha badla utshani namaqabunga ezitshalo.
Izinyathi zincintisana ngejubane nemoto, futhi isikhumba esijiyile salezi zidalwa sizivumela ukuba zicashe endle enameva, lapho kungezona zonke izilwane ezingalokotha zizulazule.
Inyathi yase-Afrika
Inhlwathi
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezidalwa ezinamazinyo anezinhlamvu ezinamasayizi zinobukhulu obungqubuzanayo ngokuphelele futhi ziyimpande ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Zijwayela izingwadule ezomile, amathafa angapheli, zizulazule emahlathini nasemigodini phakathi kwamahlathi. Ama-Antelopes ayizihlobo zezinkunzi futhi adla ezitshalweni.
Insephe
Izilwane ezincane ezinamazenga avulekile ezinezimpondo ezincane ezinjengezimpondo, ezomndeni omncane wezinhlwathi. Anombala onsundu noma ompunga ophuzi futhi anesisu esimhlophe, ayakwazi ukunqoba izithiyo eziphakeme, futhi ubude bawo beqa bungaba ngamamitha ayisikhombisa.
Ama-Lemurs
Izidalwa ezinoboya obukhulu obukhulu bezinhlobonhlobo zemibala nomsila omude obucwebezelayo kungokwesigaba izilwane ezithakazelisayo zase-Afrika.
Zinobuso bezimpungushe nezinzipho kuyo yonke iminwe, kanti esinye sazo, esibizwa ngokuthi okokugqoka, sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa nokulungisa izinwele. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-lemurs, afakiwe kwiRed Book.
Esithombeni ama-lemurs
IMfene
I-primate evela kuhlobo lwezimfene, enobude obungu-75 cm nomsila omkhulu. Imvamisa, izilwane ezinjalo ziphuzi ngombala, zitholakala emahlathini aseningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, futhi zivamile nasezindaweni ezivulekile zalezi zindawo.
Izimfene zihlala ngamaqoqo, lapho umholi evame ukuba nobudlova kangangokuba angalwa nengwe.
IMfene
Uhlala eNingizimu Afrika. Inempumulo ende enjengeyinja, embozwe ngoboya obukhulu, inamazinyo amahle, imihlathi enamandla, umsila ogobile nokhombe.
Ukubukeka kwabesilisa kuhlotshiswe ngemane enkulu emhlophe. Izitha zazo eziyinhloko izingwenya, izimpisi, izingwe namabhubesi, okuyimfene ezikwaziyo ukuziphindisela ngamazinyo azo acijile.
Imfene ebonisiwe
IGorilla
I-primate ehlala ehlathini lamahlathi ezwekazi elishisayo. Ama-gorilla abhekwa njengama-anthropoid amakhulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba besilisa buhambisana nobude bomuntu omude, kokunye kusondela kumamitha amabili ngosayizi, futhi isisindo somzimba wabo omkhulu silinganiselwa kuma-250 kg.
Kepha abesifazane bancane futhi balula kakhulu. Amahlombe egorila abanzi, ikhanda likhulu, izingalo zikhulu ngosayizi ngezandla ezinamandla, ubuso bumnyama.
Imfene
Inkawu enkulu, ejwayelekile engxenyeni yezinkabazwe yezwekazi, etholakala ezintabeni nasemahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ubude bomzimba bungaba imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Izingalo zabo zinde kakhulu kunemilenze, izindlebe zabo zicishe zifane nezomuntu, izinwele zabo zimnyama, nesikhumba sabo sishwabene.
Imfene eyiChimpanzee
Imfene
Ososayensi bangabezinkawu ezinkulu futhi banosayizi omncane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zinomsila, kepha kungenzeka zingabi khona. Ijazi labo lide futhi liwugqinsi. Umbala woboya uhlukile: kusuka kokumhlophe-ophuzi nokuluhlaza okotshani nokumnyama. Izinkawu zingahlala ehlathini, emaxhaphozini, kanye nasezintabeni nasemadwaleni.
Okapi
Izilwane ezinkulu ze-artiodactyl ezinesisindo esingama-250 kg. Okapi bayizihlobo zezindlulamithi, bangabaka izilwane zamahlathi ase-Afrika bese udla izithelo, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula esifubeni semvelo eshisayo.
Atholwa okokuqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule ngumhambi odumile uStanley emahlathini ayizintombi aseduze noMfula iCongo. Intamo yalezi zilwane, ngokungafani nezindlulamithi, ilingana ngokulingana nobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezindlebe ezinkulu, amehlo aphawuleka kahle okuchaza kanye nomsila onentshakaza.
Isilwane okapi
UDuiker
Isilwane esomndeni wezinhlwathi. Lezi yizidalwa ezinosayizi omncane kakhulu, imvamisa zihlala ehlathini okunzima ukufinyelela kulo. Abadayisi baqaphile futhi banamahloni.
Futhi igama labo ekuhumusheni lisho ukuthi "diver". Izilwane zithole isiteketiso esinjalo ngenxa yekhono lazo, ukubaleka, ukucasha ngejubane lombani esifubeni sezinqolobane ezahlukahlukene, zisheshe zinyamalale zingene ehlathini noma emahlathini amahlathi.
I-duker antelope
Ngwenya
Isilwane esihuquzelayo esiyingozi, esivame ukutholakala emifuleni eminingi yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Lezi yizilwane zasendulo ezibhekwa njengezihlobo zama-dinosaurs, ezingasekho isikhathi eside ebusweni beplanethi yethu. Ukuvela kwezilwane ezinwabuzelayo okunje, okujwayelwe impilo yemizimba yamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, kubalwa ezigidini zamakhulu eminyaka.
Njengamanje, izidalwa ezinjalo zishintshe kancane ngaphandle, okuchazwa ngokuhlala kwazo ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu nezimo zemvelo zenze ushintsho oluncane esikhathini esikhulu esedlule. Izingwenya zinomzimba ofana nesibankwa futhi zidume ngokuqina kwamazinyo azo.
Imvubu
Lezi zilwane zibizwa nangokuthi izimvubu, okuyigama elivame kakhulu futhi. Kuze kube manje, abamele umndeni we-artiodactyl, ngenxa yokuqothulwa okukhulu, bahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nasenkabeni yezwekazi lase-Afrika, futhi bangabonakala ikakhulukazi emapaki kazwelonke. Ukubukeka kwazo kubonakala ngesidumbu esikhulu kanye nemilenze emifushane eminyene.
Imvubu kaPygmy
Ihlukile kwimvubu ejwayelekile ikakhulukazi ngosayizi futhi inosayizi wemitha elilodwa nohhafu noma ngaphezulu. Intamo yezilwane yinde, imilenze ayilingani nekhanda elincane.
Isikhumba siwugqinsi impela futhi sinombala onsundu noma omnyama ngokuluhlaza. Imvubu ye-pygmy ihlala emadanyini anomsinga ohamba kancane, futhi izidalwa ezifanayo nazo zingatholakala ezihlahleni zamahlathi ashisayo.
Kuboniswe imvubu ye-pygmy
IMarabou
Ezinyonini zomhlaba, i-marabou ibhekwa njengeyona enkulu kunazo zonke, efinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ikhanda alinazimpaphe, uqhwaku olunamandla alusayizi omangazayo, luphumule ngesimo esizolile ekuvezeni okuyinyama kwentamo, embozwe izimpaphe futhi emele uhlobo lomcamelo. Isizinda esijwayelekile sezimpaphe simhlophe, kuphela emuva, umsila namaphiko amnyama.
Inyoni yeMarabou
Intshe
Le nyoni inkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kombuso onezimpaphe weplanethi enkulu. Ukuphakama kwale nyoni ebabazekayo kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-270. Phambilini, lezi zidalwa zazitholakala e-Arabia naseSyria, kodwa manje zitholakala kuphela kubukhulu bezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Zidume ngentamo yazo ende futhi ziyakwazi ukukhulisa ijubane elikhulu uma kuba nengozi. Intshe ethukuthele ingabindana ngokuzivikela kwayo futhi, lapho ijabule, iyingozi ngisho nakubantu.
Intshe yase-Afrika ingummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni
Flamingo
Le nyoni enhle iyisihlobo sikanogolantethe. Izidalwa ezinhle kangaka zitholakala eduze kwamanzi amachibi anosawoti angajulile nasemachibini. Ngisho nasenxenyeni leminyaka eyikhulu edlule, ama-flamingo ayemaningi ngokwedlulele, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lalaba banikazi bezimpaphe ezigqamile ezi-pink lathola umonakalo omkhulu.
I-Ibis
Ama-Ibis ayizihlobo zikanogolantethe, futhi lezi zinyoni zaziwa nangokuhlonishwa ngokweqile ezikhathini zasendulo eGibhithe. Zinomzimba omncane, ozacile, ozacile futhi omude onemilenze yokubhukuda, ulusizo kakhulu ezinyonini ezichitha impilo yazo yonke emanzini. Izintamo zazo zinobuhle futhi zinde, futhi umbala wezimpaphe ungaba mhlophe njengeqhwa, ubomvu klebhu noma ube nsundu ngokumpunga.
Esithombeni kukhona ibis yezinyoni
Inqe
Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zithanda ukudla izidumbu. Amanqe mancane ngosayizi, anoqhwaku olubuthakathaka futhi oluncane, anezinqawana ezifana nodlawana ekugcineni.
Azingafani namandla amakhulu omzimba, izinyoni zaduma ngobuhlakani bazo obumangalisayo, isibonelo esisodwa sazo kwakuyikhono lazo elimangalisayo lokuqhekeza amaqanda entshe ngezinto ezicijile.
Inyoni yenyoni
Ufudu
Izwekazi lase-Afrika liyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zofudu ezinosayizi nemibala ehlukahlukene. Zihlala kakhulu emachibini, emifuleni nasezixhaphozini, zidla izilwane ezingenamgogodla nezinhlanzi.
Ezinye zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu ngokungakholeki, obukhulu, obunobude begobolondo obufinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu futhi bunesisindo esingaba ngama-250 kg. Izimfudu zingabantu abaziwa eminyakeni eyikhulu; eziningi zazo ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.
IPython
Ingesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi sihlobene namabhora nezinhlwathi.Ezinye izinhlwathi zifinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha ubude. Umbala wabo ungaba yizinhlobonhlobo zemibala, i-monochromatic futhi inamaphethini amahle.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoka ezihehayo ngosayizi nezangaphandle azinabo ubuthi, kepha ziyakwazi ukuklinya isisulu ngamandla emisipha yaso.
IPython ibhekwa njengesilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu kunazo zonke
IGyurza
Ngokungafani ne-python, inobuthi obubulalayo. Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, iGyurza ihlala ikakhulu ogwini olusenyakatho. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinkulu impela, ngokuvamile zingaphezu kwemitha ubude. Ikhanda lazo lingunxantathu ngokuma futhi linombala ofanayo, ngemuva linsundu ngokukhanyayo noma mpunga, iphethini ngendlela yamabala namalayini kungenzeka.
IGyurza ingenye yezinyoka ezinobuthi kakhulu
Imfezi
Inyoka enobuthi eyingozi ngokweqile yomndeni we-asp, itholakala kulo lonke izwekazi yonke indawo. Zithatha umzuzu ofanele, izimpungushe zigijimela izisulu zazo bese ziluma kabi ngemuva kwamakhanda azo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokuvamile zifinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude.
Imfezi esithombeni
