Iplanethi yethu icebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Cishe izidalwa eziphilayo ezingama-73,000 zingama-crustaceans.
Ungahlangana nabo kuwo wonke amadamu weplanethi. Imifula, amachibi, izilwandle futhi, yiqiniso, izilwandle yizindawo zabo abazithandayo. Lokhu kwehlukahluka akukakacwaningwa ngokwanele ngochthyologists. Abamele abavelele kakhulu bale nhlobo ama-lobster crayfish, ama-mantis crayfish akhulekayo kanye nezinkalankala.
AmaCrustaceans ayiqembu elikhulu lama-arthropods. Izinkalankala, izimfanzi, imifula nolwandle crayfish, ama-lobster asezazi cishe zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi eplanethi.
Iningi lazo lihamba ngenkuthalo ebusweni, kepha kukhona nabameleli babo, ngokwesibonelo, amadada olwandle nama-acorn sea.
Kuwo wonke ama-crustaceans, akuzona zonke izimpilo zasolwandle. Izinkalankala nama-centipedes, ngokwesibonelo, anethezeke kakhulu emhlabeni kunasemanzini.
Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo inkalankala, ezichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yazo emhlabathini bese zibuyela olwandle kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalisa.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-hermit crab
Hlangana inkalankala kungenzeka ezilwandle zaseBaltic, eNyakatho, eMedithera, eduze kweziqhingi zaseCaribbean nasemagqeni aseYurophu Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zidalwa zithanda ukuhlala emanzini angajulile, kuphela ezinye zazo ezingakhuphuka ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70-90.
Esithombeni, i-hermit crab
Umbono ongajwayelekile ngowombukeli obona indlela umnenke ohamba ngayo emaphethelweni esihlabathi abushelelezi phansi kolwandle ngejubane elingakholeki, nokungajwayelekile kuye. Futhi kungemva kokukhipha lo mnenke lapho ingatholakala incazelo enengqondo yalokhu kuhamba okusheshayo.
Into ukuthi lena akuyona inkukhu impela, njengoba kukhonjiswa kuwo wonke umuntu ekuqaleni, kepha igobolondo lenkalankala, ayithole ilahliwe ngezansi futhi ayisebenzisela ukuphepha kwakhe.
Uma ubheka ezansi eduze, ungabona inani elikhulu lamagobolondo anezinkalankala ngaphakathi, womabili amancane kakhulu ane-pea, futhi amakhulu ngesibhakela.
Vuliwe isithombe senkalankala umuntu angabona ukuthi amapheya amathathu emilenze, kanye nezinzipho, aphuma kanjani ngaphansi kwendlu yakhe egobolondweni. Uzipho lwesobunxele luvame ukusetshenziswa yinkalankala yokuzingela, kanti uzipho lwangakwesokudla luvikela ukungena kwegobolondo.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imilenze yangemuva yemilenze mifushane kakhulu. Le milenze yangemuva isiza i-crayfish ukugcina indlu yayo ihamba. Kunenani elikhulu emvelweni izinhlobo zezinkalankala, babelana ngokufana okusiza ukuhlukanisa kubo bonke abanye abakwa-crustaceans. Ingxenye yabo yangaphambili imbozwe nge-carapace e-chitinous, futhi isisu eside esithambile asinaso neze isembozo esiqinile sokuzivikela.
Ukuvikela le ngxenye ethambile yomzimba, inkalankala yomhlambi kufanele ifune igobolondo ngokwemingcele yalo. Uma umkhipha kule ndawo yokucasha ngamandla, uzoziphatha ngokungakhululeki kakhulu.Kungani inkalankala ayihlukani negobolondo? Uyamvikela hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwakhe, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzingelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhula igobolondo.
Kufanele afune futhi azikhethele ikhaya elikhudlwana futhi elinamandla amaningi. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenkalankala bathi bangasebenzisa amagobolondo ezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 ze-gastropod endlini yabo evikelayo.
Ngokuyinhloko, bakhetha amasinki avulekile futhi angasindi. Kepha ngokungabi bikho kwalokho, bangahlala egobolondweni elingakhululeki kakhulu noma engxenyeni yoqalo ukuze bazizwe bevikelekile ezintweni ezingaphandle nasezitheni ezingaba khona.
Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho, ngemuva kokubhekisisa abafo, umdlavuza uqaphela ukuthi igobolondo lawo aliwalingani ngosayizi. Ngokuthepha, umdlavuza unikeza ukushintshaniswa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inkalankala yokwenqaba iyakwenqaba lokho okunikezwayo. Ukwenqaba kubonakala ngokuvala izinzipho zokungena kwegobolondo.
Impela i-tandem ethokozisayo yilena i-hermit crab kanye nama-anemones. Ukuvikelwa okukhulu, ama-crayfish atshala ama-anemone kozipho lwawo lwesobunxele ngakho-ke ahamba nawo ngasolwandle. Okwamanje lapho uzipho evala ukungena kwegobolondo, i-anemone ihlala ngaphakathi futhi igade ukungena.
Esithombeni, i-hermit crab kanye nama-anemones
Kulula kakhulu ngama-anemones, ngakho-ke, ukuhamba ngokushesha olwandle futhi athole ukudla kwawo noma akudle ngemuva komdlavuza. Lokhu i-hermit crab symbiosis kuzuzisa yena kanye nama-anemone. Uyawuvikela ngokuphelele umdlavuza ezitheni ngezinsimbi zakhe ezinobuthi, zona ezisebenza njengezindlela zakhe zokuhamba ezilula.
Uma kunesidingo sokushintsha igobolondo, umdlavuza uyaqikelela lapho udlulisela ama-anemone ekhaya lawo elisha. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ingakatholakali, ubeka umakhelwane wakhe emzimbeni wakhe.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila komdlavuza we-hermit
Ngokuvamile, lezi zidalwa ezinokuthula. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezingxabano phakathi kwabo. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngenxa yendawo ethokomele yokuphila. Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike nokulwa.
Ngokuphathelene ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwenkalankala ne-anemones, khona ukuthula nobungani kuhlale kubusa phakathi kwabo. Indawo enenzuzo yabo bobabili ithola imiphumela ezuzisayo. Lezi yizakhamuzi ezivamile zamanzi angajulile. Emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, kukhona futhi lezo zinhlobo zezinkalankala ezithanda ukujula.
Kodwa akuwona wonke ama-hermits athanda amanzi. Isiqhingi saseCrudasan, esise-Indian Ocean, sicebile ngenkalankala yomhlaba. Bachitha impilo yabo yonke emhlabathini. Yonke indawo engasogwini yale ndawo inamachashaza ayo, afana kakhulu nomkhondo kagandaganda wesibungu osesimweni esincane.
Mayelana nenkalankala ebizwa ngokuthi isela lesundu noma "inkalankala kakhukhunathi" kuthiwa iyinkalankala enamandla kakhulu ekwazi ngisho ukuluma umunwe ngepiniki.
Ufanekisela i-hermit crab isela lesundu
Izinkalankala ezisencane zalolu hlobo zihlala emanzini kugobolondo lwe-mollusk. Ngemuva kwesinye se-molts, isidalwa esidala siphonsa igobolondo laso bese sihlala phansi.
Ngama-molts alandelayo, umzimba womdlavuza ufinyeziwe futhi wagoba ngaphansi kwebele. Ungumdlavuza omkhulu futhi onamandla, onesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Abanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo, ukuze bacashe engozini engaba khona, sebenzisa ama-mink, abazikhiphela wona bodwa.
Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho ngalezi zinhloso i-crayfish isebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki noma amabhodlela engilazi ngomlomo obanzi, ogcina ususelwandle ngenxa yabantu. Akulula kakhulu ukuthi izinkalankala zihambe zisebenzisa igobolondo, kepha lokhu akuzivimbeli ekubeni yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokuyinhloko, baphila impilo ehlukile, kulokhu igama livela kunkala.
Izinhlobo zezinkalankala
Kukhona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo ze-hermit crab. Zihlukile kwezinye zezici zazo, kepha ngokujwayelekile isakhiwo sezinkalankala zifana ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzihlukanisa.
Zingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngombala wazo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Kukhona, ngokwesibonelo, i-hermit crab mefoan redfoot, ezimthende ngombala wewolintshi, i-steppe crayfish, imishwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emnyama, enebala legolide, into encane neminye eminingi. Ngamunye wabo ungowokuqala ngandlela thile futhi ngandlela thile uyafana.
Ukudla
Lesi silwane esidla omnivorous asikudli nakancane ukudla. Izinkalankala zeHermit zidla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Bathanda ulwelwe, amaqanda, ama-molluscs, izibungu, izinhlanzi, kanye nezinsalela zokudla okuvela kuma-anemones. Abalokothi badelele i-crayfish kanye nesidumbu.
Ngosizo lwezinzipho zabo, abadabuli ukudla kube yizicucu ezincane futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho bakwamukela ngenjabulo konke. Izinkalankala zomhlaba zihlanza ukudla kwazo ngezithelo, ukhukhunathi nezinambuzane ezincane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sodwa
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwala ma-crustaceans kungaqhubeka unyaka wonke. Indima enkulu kule nqubo idlalwa ngowesifazane, obeka amaqanda abomvu acishe abe yizinkulungwane eziyi-15. La maqanda anamathele esiswini sakhe.
Kungakapheli isonto, ziphenduka izibungu, ezisuka kowesifazane futhi zibhukude ngokuzimela emanzini. Ukukhula kwezibungu kuhambisana nokuncibilika izikhathi eziningana. Ngemuva kwe-molt yesine, umuntu omncane uyatholakala kulesibungu. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi azikwazi ukuzala ekuthunjweni. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinkalankala eziyiminyaka eyi-10-11.
