ihansi kungokomndeni wedada wezinyoni zamanzi. Ngendlela yayo yokuphila nokubukeka kwayo, inokuningi okufana ngakho nehansi, kodwa-ke, yehlukile kunombala wezimpaphe, kanye nezidladla ezimnyama nomlomo.
Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zamahansi, kanti ezinye zazo ziyivelakancane kangangokuthi akuzona zonke iziyu ezikwazi ukukhokhela izakhamuzi ezinjalo. Lelinye icala liyaziwa elenzeka eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho abamele iSoviet Union benana izinyoni ezimbili ezinomphimbo obomvu zathola imfene nendlovu yaseNdiya enesisindo samathani amathathu.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ihansi
Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamahansi, kufaka phakathi: iCanada, iBlack, i-Red-breasted neBarnacle. Amabele abomvu ihansi - encwadini ebomvu yaseRussia, futhi okwamanje iphakathi kwabantu abasengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Phakathi kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke zalolu hlobo kukhona iYamal, iGydan neNhlonhlo yaseTaimyr. Kwezinye izifunda ungahlangana nalaba bameleli bomndeni wedada kuphela ngesikhathi sendiza yabo enkulu. Imizila efudukayo yamahansi anezbele ezibomvu iwela eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Kazakhstan, eSouth-East Ukraine kanye nasemizileni yemifula iNadym, iPura, iTobol ne-Ob.
Ihansi elibomvu ungumnikazi womzimba ongafika kumasentimitha angama-55 ubude, futhi isisindo sabantu abadala ngokuvamile asidluli amakhilogremu ayi-1.2. Amaphiko ezinyoni ahluka ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-35 kuye kwangama-40, futhi umbala ikakhulu umnyama ngezingcezu ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu.
Amakhono amahle wokubhukuda nokudilika. Ihlala njengokujwayelekile ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu nezome kakhulu zehlathi-i-tundra ne-tundra engekude namanzi. Lezi zinyoni zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingelwa okukhulu kwazo ngabahlali bendawo, abazishaya ngezibhamu bazibamba ngamanetha ezansi, izimpaphe nenyama.
Esithombeni kukhona ihansi elibomvu
UBarnacle goose efakwe ohlwini lwe-International Red Book, kodwa akuyona eyenhlobo yezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ubukhulu bezinyoni bukhulu kancane kunamahansi, futhi isisindo sazo singafinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili. Zihlukile kwezinye izihlobo ngombala wazo wemibala emibili, ngenxa yokuthi zibonakala zimhlophe kusuka ngezansi, futhi zimnyama ngenhla.
Umphimbo, isiphongo nekhanda ezinhlangothini kumhlophe. Wazi ukubhukuda, ukuntywila, ukundiza nokugijima ngokushesha, imvamisa ephunyuka ngale ndlela ezingozini. Itholakala eNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia, kanye nasendaweni esogwini lwaseGreenland. Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ikhetha indawo enezintaba egcwele amawa amatshe amade nemithambeka eyehlelayo.
Esithombeni i-barnacle goose
Ihansi elimnyama ibukeka njengehansi elincane, elibonakala limnyama ngemuva futhi limhlophe ngaphambili. Uzizwa enethezekile kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni, ubhukuda ngokushesha futhi ahambele phezulu emhlabeni. Le nyoni ayazi ukuthi icwile kanjani, futhi ingafana nje namadada, igoqeke ibheke phansi ukuze ithole ukudla phansi.
Izidladla noqhwaku lwamahansi kumnyama, indawo yesisu imhlophe. Lolu hlobo luhlala kakhulu eziqhingini ezise-Arctic Ocean nasemaphethelweni olwandle olwahlukahlukene lwe-Arctic. Uncamela ukwakha isidleke ezindaweni ezisezansi kwezigodi zemifula kanye nasogwini lolwandle olungenazo izimila zotshani.
Esithombeni kukhona ihansi elimnyama
Ihansi laseCanada etholakala e-United States naseCanada. Ngobukhulu bayo, le nyoni idlula izihlobo ezimnyama nezibomvu, futhi isisindo sayo singaba ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-6.5. Izimpiko zalawa malungu omndeni wedada nazo ziyahlaba umxhwele futhi ziba phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-125 kuye kwangama-185.
Intamo nekhanda lamahansi aseCanada amnyama anombala ocwebezelayo. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba mpunga, kepha ungaba noshokoledi noma ama-wavy hues. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni igxile kakhulu e-Alaska naseCanada naseziqhingini zeCanada Arctic Archipelago.
Kuthwetshulwe ihansi laseCanada
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yamahansi
Amahansi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lohlobo lwawo, ayizinyoni zomphakathi futhi akhetha ukuhlala emhlambini. Ngokubambisana, izinyoni zindiza ziye ezindaweni zobusika nasemuva, zihlangane ndawonye isikhathi se-molting futhi azihlangani nezinye izinhlobo zamahansi namadada. Abesilisa bavame ukuya ku-molt ngaphambi kwezinsikazi.
Isikhathi sokuncinza sikhonjiswa amahansi ngokulahlekelwa amandla okundiza, ngakho-ke, ukuzivikela kubantu abahlukahlukene abangafuni, izinyoni kufanele ziqoqane ngamaqembu amakhulu. Izitha eziyinhloko zamahansi ngesikhathi sokuzalela zingabazingeli nezimpungushe ze-arctic, ezichitha izidleke futhi zibambe kokubili amatshwele nabantu abadala. Le nyoni ivame ukuphunyuka kubaphulimthetho bayo ngokugijima, okuyinto enhle kuyo.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyoni zihlala zixoxa, zikhuluma zodwa. Izwi labo likhulu kakhulu futhi lizwakala kahle ngisho kude. Kufana nokukhwehlela okuhhahhamezayo noma ukukhonkotha kwenja. Ihansi elibomvu, njengezinye izinhlobo, ihlala izidleke unyaka nonyaka ezindaweni ezifanayo, lapho kuhlangana khona amapheya angaba yikhulu nengxenye ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukudla kwezinyoni zehansi
Ukudla kwamahansi kunabile kakhulu, futhi kufaka phakathi zombili izitshalo ezinama-herbaceous nama-molluscs, izinambuzane zasemanzini nama-crustaceans. Lezi zinyoni zithanda i-polar willow (catkins and buds), ezinwabuzelayo i-clover, sedge, bluegrass nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-algae.
Imenyu yamahansi incike kakhulu enkathini, ngoba ngesikhathi sokudla ukudla kwezinyoni ikakhulukazi imifino, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngasogwini lolwandle, bakhetha ukubamba inyamazane yabo ngqo emanzini.
Ukuzalela kanye neminyaka yokuphila kwamahansi
Ngaphakathi njengoba izimpilo zehansi ikakhulu ezindaweni zokuqoqwa kwenqwaba yama-congener abo, ibanga eliphakathi kwezidleke ngazinye ngokuvamile alidluli amashumi amamitha ambalwa. Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka emibili. Cishe esikhathini esifanayo, kwakhiwa ngababili abangaguquguquki.
Isiko lokumatanisa liyathakazelisa futhi linomsindo: abesilisa bakhipha ukukhala okukhulu futhi bathathe ukubukeka okumangazayo kakhulu ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Insikazi isebenza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Itholakala kaningi emithambekeni emaweni nasemadwaleni ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ezilwaneni ezizingelayo.
Izinto zokwakhiwa kwesidleke obulembu, ubulembu notshani obomile. Phansi, ekhishwe insikazi esifubeni sayo nasesifundeni sesisu, isakazeka iye ezansi. Ku-clutch eyodwa, insikazi izalela amaqanda angafika kwayisihlanu, okuvela kuwo amaphuphu ngemuva kwamasonto angaba mane.
isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila izinyoni amahansi icishe ibe neminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kepha kunamacala amaningi lapho ekuthunjweni izinyoni zihlala iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-30 nangaphezulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwamahansi
Ukuzingela amahansi amnyama, amabele abomvu kanye nezinsimbi namuhla akuvunyelwe nakancane. Abantu abahlala ensimini yeRussian Federation, ngesikhathi esisodwa, bahlupheka kakhulu ngenkathi kwenziwa intuthuko kawoyela negesi.
Njengoba izinyoni zikhohliseka kalula, lokhu akuzange kuzizuzise, futhi zaziseduze nokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuqothulwa okukhulu ngabazingeli nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, kulula ukubona ihansi esithombeni noma vakashela enye yama-zoo lapho lezi zinyoni zimelwe khona.
