Uma ubheka ubhejane, lapho uvakashela i-zoo noma ubuka ama-documentary mayelana nemvelo, umuntu ngokungazibandakanyi umangazwa amandla angalawuleki akhona ngaphansi kwezinselo zalowo "othwala abasebenzi" ovela ezweni lezilwane.
Uzwele lokho obhejane abanoboya, isidlakela esinamandla, esasakazeka kulo lonke elase-Eurasia ngesikhathi sokuqedwa kokugcina, kungacatshangwa kuphela. Njengasendabeni yama-mammoths, imidwebo yamatshe namathambo kuphela, aboshwe yi-permafrost, asebenza njengezikhumbuzo zokuthi bake baphila eMhlabeni.
Incazelo nezici zobhejane abanoboya
Obhejane boboya - omele ongasekho iqembu lama-equids. Uyisilwane esincelisayo sokugcina somndeni wobhejane ukuhlala ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia.
Ngokwedatha yeminyaka eminingi yokusebenza kwezazi ze-paleontologists ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, ubhejane onoboya abuzange bube phansi ngosayizi ozakwabo wanamuhla. Ama-specimens amakhulu afinyelela ku-2 m ekubuneni aze afike kumamitha ama-4 ubude.Leli hulk lihamba ngemilenze ejiyile eqinile ngeminwe emithathu, isisindo sikabhejane safinyelela kumathani ayi-3.5.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobhejane ovamile, isifuba sesihlobo saso esingasekho sasinwetshiwe futhi sasinomhubhe wemisipha emhlane sinamafutha amaningi. Lolu ungqimba lwamafutha lwadliwa ngumzimba wesilwane uma kwenzeka lubulawa yindlala futhi aluvumanga ukuthi ubhejane ufe.
Umhubhe ku-nape ubuye wasekela ukuxhasa uphondo lwawo olukhulu, lubhebhe kusuka ezinhlangothini, kwesinye isikhathi lufinyelela ku-130 cm ubude. Uphondo oluncane, olungaphezulu kwenkulu, aluzange luhlaba umxhwele kangako - kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-50. Bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa bobhejane bangaphambi komlando babenezimpondo.
Eminyakeni edlule, kutholakele izimpondo zobhejane ezinoboya ayikwazanga ukuhlukanisa kahle. Abantu bomdabu baseSiberia, ikakhulukazi amaYukaghir, bababheka njengabazipho bezinyoni ezinkulu, okukhona kuzo izinganekwane eziningi. Abazingeli baseNyakatho basebenzise izingxenye zezimpondo ekwakheni iminsalo yabo, lokhu kwandise amandla abo nokunwebeka kwabo.
Ubhejane woboya emnyuziyamu
Kwakunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana ugebhezi lukabhejane olunoboya... Ekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, edolobhaneni laseKlagenfurt (indawo yase-Austria yanamuhla), izakhamuzi zendawo zathola ugebhezi, abaluthathela udrako. Isikhathi eside, ibigcinwa ngokucophelela ehholo ledolobha.
Izinsalela, ezitholakala eduze kwedolobha laseQuedlinburg eJalimane, ngokuvamile zazithathwa njengezicucu zamathambo enyathi enhle kakhulu. Bukela i isithombe sobhejane abanoboya, noma kunalokho kugebhezi lwakhe, angaphanjaniswa nesidalwa esimnandi esivela ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni. Akumangalisi ubhejane omhlophe onoboya - umlingiswa womdlalo wekhompyutha odumile, lapho abongwa ngamakhono angakaze abonwe.
Isakhiwo somhlathi wobhejane we-Ice Age sithakazelisa kakhulu: sasingenayo i-canines noma i-incisors. Kukhulu amazinyo obhejane anoboya zazingenalutho ngaphakathi, zazimbozwe ngoqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, okwakukhulu kakhulu kunamazinyo ezihlobo zawo zamanje. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu ehlafunwayo, la mazinyo akhuhluza kalula utshani obomile obomile namagatsha awugqinsi.
Esithombeni, amazinyo obhejane onoboya
Izidumbu ezigqunyiwe zobhejane ezinoboya, ezilondolozwe ngokuphelele ezimeni ezibandayo, zikwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisela ukubukeka kwayo ngemininingwane eyanele.
Njengoba inkathi yokuba khona kwayo eMhlabeni iwela esikhathini sikashisi, akumangazi ukuthi isikhumba esijiyile sobhejane wasendulo sasimbozwe ngoboya obude obukhulu. Ngombala nokuthungwa, ijazi layo lalifana ncamashi nelezinyathi zaseYurophu, imibala evelele yayinsundu futhi ifuna.
Uboya obungemuva kwentamo babude bude futhi bufiphaza, kanti ichopho lomsila wobhejane wemitha lalihlotshiswe ngebhulashi lezinwele ezimangelengele. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ubhejane onoboya awuzange udlise emihlambini, kepha wakhetha ukuphila impilo eyodwa.
Isithombe sikhombisa izinsalela zikabhejane onoboya
Kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4, ubhejane wesifazane nowesilisa bahlangana okwesikhashana ukuze bazale. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwathatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-18; njengomthetho, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, elingashiyanga umama lize libe neminyaka emibili ubudala.
Lapho sihlola amazinyo esilwane ukuthi asagugile yini futhi siwaqhathanisa namazinyo obhejane bethu, kwatholakala ukuthi isilinganiso sobude bempilo yalesi silwanyana esinamandla sasicishe sibe yiminyaka engama-40-45.
Indawo yokuhlala kabhejane
Amathambo obhejane anoboya atholakala ngobuningi endaweni yaseRussia, iMongolia, eNyakatho yeChina kanye namazwe amaningi aseYurophu. INyakatho yeRussia ingabizwa ngokufanele njengezwe lobhejane, ngoba izinsalela eziningi zitholakale lapho. Kulokhu, umuntu angahlulela ngendawo yayo yokuhlala.
I-tundra steppe ibiyikhaya labamele "izilwane ezinkulu", kufaka phakathi obhejane abanoboya. Lezi zilwane zazikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, lapho uhlaza lwaluningi kakhulu kunezindawo ezivulekile ze-steppe.
Ukondla ubhejane onoboya
Ngokubukeka kwayo okwesabekayo nokuhlaba umxhwele usayizi kabhejane onoboya wayengumuntu odla imifino ejwayelekile. Ehlobo, ukudla kwale equine kwakuqukethe utshani kanye namahlumela amancane ezihlahlana, phakathi nobusika obubandayo - kusuka kumagxolo esihlahla, umnyezane, i-birch kanye namagatsha e-alder.
Ngokuqala kokuqubuka kwamakhaza okungenakugwemeka, lapho iqhwa limboza izimila ezazivele ziyindlala, obhejane kwakudingeka bambe ukudla ngosizo lwophondo. Imvelo yanakekela leli qhawe elidlayo - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguquka kwezimo ezithile kwenzeka ekubukekeni kwakhe: ngenxa yokuxhumana njalo nokuhilizisana ne-crust, i-septum yamakhala yesilwane yaqala ukuba mnyama ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Kungani obhejane abanoboya buphelile?
Ukuphela kobhejane wePleistocene, okunethezeka impilo, kwaba yingozi kwabamele abaningi boMbuso Wezilwane. Ukufudumala okungenakugwenywa kuphoqe izinguzunga zeqhwa ukuba zihlehle ziye enyakatho, zishiya amathafa ngaphansi kokubuswa yiqhwa elingaweleki.
Kwaba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kwengubo yeqhwa ejulile, naphakathi kobhejane abanoboya kwakukhona ukungqubuzana ngenxa yokudla emadlelweni anenzuzo enkulu. Ezimpini ezinjalo, izilwane zazilimazana, ngokuvamile zilimaza amanxeba abulalayo.
Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, indawo ezungezile nayo isishintshile: esikhundleni samadlelo agcwele amanzi namathafa angapheli, amahlathi angenakudlondlobala akhulile, awakulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila kobhejane. Ukwehliswa kokuphakelwa kokudla kwaholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sabo, abazingeli bakudala benza lo msebenzi.
Kunemininingwane ethembekile yokuthi ukuzingelwa kobhejane abanoboya bezimvu benziwa hhayi kuphela ngenyama nezikhumba, kodwa futhi nangezinhloso zesiko. Noma kunjalo, isintu asizibonakalisanga ngasohlangothini oluhle kakhulu, sibulala izilwane ngenxa yezimpondo kuphela, ezazithathwa njengehlelo phakathi kwabantu abaningi basemhumeni futhi okuthiwa zinezici eziyisimangaliso.
Indlela yokuphila yesilwane esisodwa, isilinganiso sokuzalwa esiphansi (ama-1-2 amawundlu ngeminyaka eminingana), izindawo ezinciphayo ezilungele impilo ejwayelekile kanye nesici se-anthropogenic esingesihle sinciphise inani lobhejane abanoboya obuncane.
Okokugcina ubhejane onoboya awusekho cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-9-14 eyedlule, ngilahlekelwe yimpi esobala ngokungalingani noMama Wemvelo, njengabanye abaningi ngaphambi nangemva kwakhe.
