UDerbnik falcon iyinyoni edla inyama ethathwa njengelungu elincane kunawo wonke emndenini wokhokho emhlabeni. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwakuhlonipheka kakhulu ukuba nezinkozi zokuthambisa, okushesha nokushesha kombani okwakusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Futhi namuhla izinhlobo eziningi zamakhekhe zisetshenziswa ngabantu, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusuka nokwehla ezinkundleni zezindiza ezitholakala ngqo endaweni yokufuduka kwezinyoni zonyaka. UDerbnik kepha-ke, yisidalwa esinezimpaphe sincane kancane kunejuba elijwayelekile, ngakho-ke, alikaze lisetshenziswe ngabantu ukuzingela noma eminye imisebenzi.
Incazelo, izici nendawo yokuhlala
Incazelo ye-merlin falcon kufanelekile ukuqala ngobukhulu bayo obunesizotha, obuqala ngamasentimitha angama-24 kuye kwangama-30. I-dimorphism yezocansi iyakhiwa kulaba bameleli be-falcon oda, kanti abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Isisindo sezinyoni ngokuvamile asidluli amagremu angama-300. Iphiko lamaphiko lisukela kumasentimitha angama-52 kuye kwangama-74. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, amaphiko e-merlin afana nesikela, izwi liyabheda futhi linomsindo. Umbala wabesifazane nabesilisa uhlukile, futhi uma imibala yangaphambilini iphethwe amathoni we-ocher akhanyayo anezindawo ezinsundu ezinde, ezokugcina zinezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezibomvu ezinomsila omnyama.
Uma ubheka isithombe se-merlin falcon, khona-ke iphethini ekhethekile endaweni yentamo, ekhumbuza ikhola, ngokushesha ibamba iso. "Intshebe", okuyizimpawu zabamele abaningi bomndeni woheshe, ababuthakathaka kulezi zinyoni.
Abesifazane banokufana okuhle kwangaphandle namaSaker Falcons, kepha banobukhulu obunesizotha kakhulu nemisila enemigqa enokhilimu oshintshanayo nemivimbo ensundu. Imilenze yezinyoni zabo bobubili ubulili imvamisa iba phuzi, imilebe iba nsundu ngokumpunga, futhi iris imnyama nsundu. Amajita ahlukile ngombala wezimpaphe kubantu abadala.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinyoni ibanzi impela, futhi namuhla zitholakala ngobuningi emazwenikazi afana neNyakatho Melika ne-Eurasia. EMelika ukhozi lwe-merlin luyaphila ukusuka e-Alaska kuya endaweni ehlathini elibuye lisebenze kabusha. Ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia, zingatholakala kalula e-tundra nasehlathini-emahlathini, ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho ye-taiga ne-forest-tundra.
Lezi zinyoni zigwema izindawo ezinezintaba ezingenabo uhlaza obuningi nezihlahla namahlathi aminyene e-taiga. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, bayayithanda indawo evulekile, lapho amahlathi aphansi ephayini eshintshana khona nezimbokodo eziphakanyisiwe noma izindawo zehlathi-itundra, elingenamifino eminyene.
Njengoba lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu, umbala wazo nokubukeka kwazo kungahluka kakhulu. Okwamanje, amaqembu eRussian aqoshwe amaqembu amahlanu. Laba bameleli bomndeni wokhozi bayatholakala nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Asia Ephakathi, eNtshonalanga Siberia naseKazakhstan.
Okokwakha izidleke, i-merlin ikhetha ikakhulukazi izihlahla, imvamisa ihlala ezidlekeni zegwababa. Bathanda ikakhulukazi ama-moss bogs akhule ngogwayi obomvu we-peat. Le nyoni ingakhuphukela ezinkangala ize ifike enhlonipheni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2 000 kuya ku-3 000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Njengoba izinyoni eziningi ezidlulayo, okuyizisulu eziyinhloko ze-merlin, zifudukela eningizimu ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, oheshe bafanele bashiye amakhaya abo balandele labo abangaba izisulu zabo.
Ukufuduka kokuqala kwalezi zinyoni kwenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo; abanye abamele i-oda baqala ukufuduka kwabo kuphela phakathi nasekwindla. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zikhetha ukungashiyi uhla lwazo unyaka wonke.
UDerbnik falcon endizeni
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Kwa amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-merlin falcon okulandelayo kungaqashelwa: okokuqala, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuyozingela ngazimbili. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu obuka ngaphandle, ngokususelwa kuzici zokuziphatha kwabo, angahle enze iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi o-falcons bamane bazikhohlisa noma bahlekisa.
Eqinisweni, ngalesi sikhathi, i-duo yomndeni kungenzeka ukuthi imatasa ilandelela esinye isisulu, njengoba isitholile ukuthi izobhekana nayo ngejubane lombani, ingasishiyi nethuba lokuphunyuka.
Okwesibili, inyoni ingacasha ezikhungweni isikhathi eside, ilinde inyamazane. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eza esidlekeni ngamaphuphu ngqo ngesikhathi sokuzingela, khona-ke bobabili abazali bazoshiya ngokushesha izikhundla zabo bese beqala ngokuhlasela ngamandla umuntu ongahle abe nesihluku.
Kuboniswe isidleke se-merlin
Ngenxa yesici samaphiko ayo, i-merlin ayikwazi ukuntanta emoyeni isikhathi eside. Ukuphuma iyozingela, le nyoni ingazungeza indawo endaweni ephakeme (kusuka kwimitha elilodwa ngaphezulu komhlaba), icindezele amaphiko ayo emzimbeni.
Ukudla
Yini edliwa ngubhejane merlin?? Isisulu esikhulu salezi zinyoni imvamisa kuyizishisi, izitofu, izikeyiti, ama-wagtails, ama-lark kanye nabamele abancane bomndeni odlulayo. Okhohlakali abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho bavame ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu.
Isibonelo, odokotela bezinyoni bavame ukurekhoda amacala okuhlaselwa kwe-ptarmigan, impempe yentsimbi, i-plover yegolide kanye ne-snipe enkulu. Uma, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, merlin falcons alikho ithuba lokuzitika ngezinyoni, zingahlasela izinambuzane ezinkulu namagundane e-vole.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lezi zinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho zifinyelela unyaka owodwa ubudala. Kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ziqala ukuncipha ziye ezindaweni zazo ezizalanayo, ezingaguquki ngokuyisisekelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Okokuqala, kuvela amaduna, kuthi emva kwesikhashana abesifazane bawajoyine.
Esikhathini sebhande lehlathi, lawa ma-falcons ngokuvamile ahlala ezidlekeni zamagwababa nezinye izinyoni, kuyilapho emahlathini indawo yawo yokuhlala ingatholakala ngqo emhlabathini noma izungezwe amaqhuqhuva ebhuqu. Ukuhlomisa izidleke ezinjalo, ama-merlins awadingi noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha, futhi imvamisa amane ambe umgodi ongajulile maphakathi nendawo ye-peat bog noma yotshani ovulekile.
Esithombeni, i-merlin enezinkukhu
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, abesifazane baletha inzalo (kusuka emaqanda amathathu kuye kwahlanu ku-clutch), lapho kuzalwa khona abantu abasha ngemuva kwenyanga. Lapho amaphuphu enamasonto ayisithupha ubudala, ambozwa ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe futhi asevele ekwazi ukuzingela nokuzondla ngokwawo.
Ukhozi lwe-merlin luyinyoni edla inyama, endle engaphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kweleshumi nesikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, izazi ze-ornithologists ziyazi ngamacala amaningi lapho abamele lolu hlobo baphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Namuhla, iningi lama-merlin falcons avikelekile, njengoba inani labantu ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba lehla ngokuya.
