UDaphnia ubhekisela kuma-cladocerans, lolu hlobo lwama-crustaceans amancane lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-150. Noma yimuphi umuntu ozihloniphayo wasemanzini uyazi ukuthi abukeka kanjani. ama-daphnia crustaceansnjengoba kungukudla okuthandwayo kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo iDaphnia
Kuya nge unomusa daphnia, usayizi wabo ungasuka ku-0.2 mm uye ku-6 mm, ngakho-ke funda isakhiwo se-daphnia kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Umzimba walezi crustaceans unesimo se-oval, umbozwe ngesihlangu esikhethekile sama-valve amabili (i-carapace), evikela izitho zangaphakathi.
Ikhanda libuye limbozwe ngegobolondo le-chitinous futhi linomphumela ofana noqhwaku (rastrum), lapho kutholakala khona izimpondo zangaphakathi, ezenza umsebenzi okhangayo.
Usayizi wezimpondo ezingemuva umxhwele kakhulu kunangaphambili; umsebenzi wabo omkhulu ukuhambisa i-daphnia. Ngalesi sici i-daphnia ejwayelekile okuvamise ukubizwa nge- "flea yamanzi".
Ekhanda le-crustacean kuneso elihlanganisiwe - isitho esingabhangqiwe esibhekele ukubona. I-ocellus ye-nauplial itholakala ngaphansi nje kwe-ocellus enezinhlangothi.
Imilenze yedaphnia pectoral, embozwe ama-bristles amaningi, asebenza njengohlu lokuhlunga lapho i-crustacean idlula khona ulwelwe olunama-unicellular namagciwane amiswe emanzini. Imilenze yenza imivimbo efinyelela ku-500 ngomzuzu.
Isithombe sikaDaphnia, ithathwe ekukhuliseni okuphezulu, yenza kube lula ukubona kahle ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwe-crustacean. Ngenxa yegobolondo eliguqukayo, inhliziyo, amathumbu abonakala ngokusobala, nakwabesifazane - isikhwama sezinambuzane esinemibungu eminingana.
IDaphnia yohlobo oluthile ingatholakala cishe kunoma imuphi umzimba omile wamanzi - kusuka echibini elincane kuya echibini elijulile. Kukhona abameleli abathile balolu hlobo lwama-crustaceans e-Eurasia, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, nase-Antarctica.
Isici esibalulekile empilweni yabo ejwayelekile ngamanzi amile, lapho kunenani elincane lezinhlayiya zenhlabathi. Ukungena emanzini agobhozayo, i-daphnia ihlunga inhlabathi kanye ne-algae futhi ivale amathumbu abo kancane kancane.
Izinhlamvu ezidliwe zesihlabathi ziyanqwabelana futhi azivumeli i-crustacean ukuthi ihambe ngendlela ejwayelekile, isheshe ife. UDaphnia izwela ngokweqile ekungcolisweni kwemvelo, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kubhekwa ikhwalithi yamanzi emadamini.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila kukaDaphnia
UDaphnia uncamela ukuchitha iningi lempilo yakhe kukholamu lamanzi, lapho aqhubeka ngokuhlunga khona amanzi agcwele ama-microorganisms anengqamuzana elilodwa. Ngendlela efanayo, i-daphnia iyasinda emakhazeni asebusika, uma ingafiki ebusika.
Ukudla
I-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imvubelo kanye namagciwane yikho ukudla okuyinhloko kwedaphnia. Ukuhlungwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-algae unicellular kuyabonakala "emachibini aqhakazayo", lapho, lapho kungekho zinombolo eziningi zezinhlanzi, i-daphnia ihlala kahle futhi izala ikakhulukazi ngamandla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqiza okuthakazelisayo daphnia - isigaba ama-crustaceans abonakala ngesici esinjenge-parthenogenesis. Leli likhono lokuzala inzalo ngaphandle kokukhulelwa okuqondile.
Lapho izimo zokuphila zalesi sigaba sama-crustaceans zivumelana ngokwanele, abesifazane baseDaphnia bazala kabusha nge-parthenogenesis, bezala abesifazane kuphela.
Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa ubeletha inzalo yenani le-nauplii eyi-10, yona ekwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngosuku lwe-4 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, i-daphnia yesifazane iletha inzalo kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-25.
Lapho izimo zemvelo ziba zimbi, kuzalwa abesilisa, bese kuthi isizukulwane esilandelayo sama-crustaceans sikhiqize amaqanda adinga ukufuthwa. Amaqanda eDaphniaezakhiwe phakathi naleso sikhathi, zikhula zibe imibungu emincane, zimbozwa ngegobolondo elikhethekile lokuzivikela bese ziya ebusika.
Ngaleli fomu, imibungu kaDaphnia iyakwazi ukusinda kokubili isomiso kanye nesithwathwa esibi. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sizophinda sikhiqize abesifazane kuphela abazokwazi ukuthola i-parthenogenesis.
Esinye isici esithandekayo seDaphnia yi-cyclomorphosis. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, abantu ngabanye bazalwa ngesibalo esisodwa, abahlukile ngesimo somzimba.
Ngakho-ke, izizukulwane zasehlobo ze-daphnia zinenaliti yomsila emide nokuhluma kwesigqoko sokuzivikela. Phakathi kwemibono eminingi mayelana nokwenzeka koshintsho olunjalo, okuyinhloko kubhekwa njengokuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ezisebenza kakhulu ehlobo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sikaDaphnia sifushane futhi sisukela emasontweni amathathu kuye ezinyangeni ezinhlanu, kuya ngohlobo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinjengeDaphnia Magna ziphila isikhathi eside kunezinye zazo ezincane.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-daphnia futhi sincike ekushiseni kwamanzi - uma kuphakama, izinqubo ezisheshayo zomzimba ziyaqhubeka, umzimba ukhula ngokushesha, uguga ngokushesha futhi uyafa.
Intengo yeDaphnia ngesimo sokuphakelayo
Kanye nabanye ama-crustaceans, i-daphnia futhi iGammarus ikhuliswe ngokuhweba. Ukuzala i-daphnia ekhaya akulethi izinkinga eziningi.
Kwanele ukuthatha isitsha sepulasitiki noma ingilazi, uxhuma i-aeration futhi udale izimo zokukhiqiza okuhle kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ukukhanya okuhle nokushisa okuzinzile.
Esithombeni, daphnia eyomile yezinhlanzi
I-daphnia ebukhoma, efriziwe futhi yomisiwe, ukudla okuhle kakhulu kwabakhileyo e-aquarium. I-daphnia eyomile yezinhlanzi isebenza njengomthombo omuhle wamaprotheni, njengoba okuqukethwe kwayo kudlula u-50% wesisindo sokudla okuphelele.
I-Gammarus, i-brine shrimp, i-daphnia - ukudla ngaphezulu kokungabizi. Ngakho-ke, iphakethe le-gammarus noma i-daphnia elomisiwe elinomthamo we-100 ml ngeke libize ama-ruble angaphezu kwama-20-50, iqhwa - ebiza kancane - ama-ruble angama-80-100.
Ukudla okubukhoma akujwayelekile ezitolo zesimanje zezilwane, kepha azigcinwa isikhathi eside futhi azifani ngokwenani lokudla okunomsoco kozakwabo abafriziwe.
