I-char iyinhlanzi ejwayelekile yomndeni wama-salmon nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezenzelwe imisebe. Izazi ze-Ichthyologists emhlabeni wonke seziphikisana iminyaka eminingi ngokuhlukahluka kohlobo lwalesi silwane, imvelaphi yaso, nezinye izinto eziningi. Char inhlanzi ithandwa kakhulu futhi iyadingeka phakathi kwabadobi, futhi kuyaziswa nasekuphekeni nasemithini.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Abadobi abaningi bayazibuza: “Itholakala kuphi inhlanzi char? ", Futhi imvamisa ngithola impendulo engaqondakali. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yokuhlala yalo mndeni ibanzi kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhosela emachibini, ezinye zingathuthela emanzini olwandle, lapho zizifunela khona ukudla. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi zihlala emifudlaneni yezintaba nasemifuleni emikhulu.
Abathandi bokuphila olwandle nabo bayahlangana. Ama-loaches ahleleke kahle emanzini abandayo, ngoba ukhokho wazo zonke izinhlobo zalolu hlobo yi-Arctic char, eyakwazi ukusinda ngesikhathi se-Ice Age ezansi kwamachibi e-Arctic.
Kunezindawo eziningi ezithandwayo eRussia, lapho kuhlala khona inhlanzi:
- ENtshonalanga yeSiberia;
- IKola Peninsula;
- ichibi i-Lake Baikal;
- I-Pacific Ocean;
- Isifunda iTrans-Ural.
Izinhlanzi zingatholakala nasemazweni aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi asenyakatho, kepha imvamisa indawo ehlala kuyo inqunywa yi-subspecies, ngayinye elungele isimo esithile samanzi.
Intengo yezinhlanzi ze-char nayo incike kuma-subspecies, angahluka ngesisindo, ubude nezindawo eziwusizo zomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, okuthandwa kakhulu yilawa:
- I-Arctic char: inhlanzi endala kunazo zonke ezitholakala emanzini ase-Arctic Circle. Njengomthetho, lena yinhlanzi enkulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-16 kg.
- Ichibi char: uhlala eYurophu Ephakathi, emachibini, lapho ungahambeli khona kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yayo. Lezi zinhlayiya zezinhlanzi zinezinhlobo eziningana ezingaba khona echibini elifanayo futhi zehluke kakhulu ngosayizi nokudla okunempilo.
- I-Brook char: uhlala emifudlaneni yezintaba ezinkulu eYurophu, eCaucasus naseMelika. Imvamisa iyadideka ne-trout, ethi iyisuse kancane kancane emifudlaneni. Laba ngabantu abakhula kancane abangenayo intengo ephezulu emakethe.
- I-Tiger char: uhlala ikakhulu emifudlaneni. Kuvele ngenxa yokuwela kwe-char ne-trout, kepha ososayensi abaningi balinganisa lolu hlobo no-char.
- I-Pacific char: ithandwa esifundeni sasePacific, inkulu ngosayizi futhi ivame ukufana ne-arctic char, ngaphandle komehluko othile wombala. Elinye igama lolu hlobo ngu Inhlanzi yaseKamchatka char.
- Ishadi eliphuzi: itholakala emifuleni yaseMpumalanga Ekude, kanye nechibi elilodwa enyakatho yeChukotka.
- Ishadi laseNyakatho Melika: omkhulu kunayo yonke emndenini wawo, ongatholakali emanzini aseRussia, kodwa uhlala ikakhulukazi emachibini nasemifuleni emikhulu yase-Alaska naseCanada.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-salmon luyakwazi ukuhlala olwandle, ngisho nolwandle, ukusho izinhlanzi char, awukwazi. I-anadromous char ayihambi kude nolwandle, kepha igcina ezikhaleni zomfula lapho yafudukela khona emanzini anosawoti.
Incazelo
Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-char ilula impela, futhi noma yimuphi umdobi oyizimfundamakhwela angayibona. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okunothile, inhlanzi ngayinye inezici zayo, isibonelo, umlomo ophuzi, umbala omthende noma ukufana ne-trout.
Kodwa-ke, uphawu olucacile olwehlukanisa i-char nezinye izinhlobo ze-salmon inombolo encane kakhulu yamachashazi amnyama emzimbeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukungabi khona kwawo ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni salezi zindawo, lezi zinhlanzi zinamachashazi emibala ehlukile, isibonelo, obomvana noma omhlophe.
Isici esivelele kunazo zonke zezingqimba izikali zayo ezincane, ezingaphawuleki kangako, ezithambile futhi ezishelelayo. Kungenxa yalesi sici izinhlanzi zathola igama elithi char - kusuka egameni, nqunu. Ngokombala, izinhlanzi zivame ukuba yisiliva ngomhlane ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama.
Kepha kunzima ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ngosayizi noma ngezici zesisindo. Amatshe anadromous makhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ahlaba umxhwele ngosayizi. Afinyelela kubude obungu-80 cm nesisindo esingu-15-16 kg. Ozernaya futhi izigqila zomfula char incane kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-25 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingeqile ku-1.5 kg.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-char
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi imaphi ama-char fish asendalweni. Kungaba ngokudlula, futhi kuchithe ingxenye yomjikelezo wayo wokuphila emanzini anosawoti olwandle nolwandle, futhi kube yingxenye yemifula namachibi. Zifuduka ngenxa yokuzala.
Amachweba amanzi angenasawoti ajwayelekile, ahlala njalo emachibini, emifuleni nasemachibini. Kukhona nemifudlana kanye ne-aquarium char. Azihlekisi ngokudla nasendaweni ezungezile, zingakwazi futhi zithandane, zisemanzini abandayo. Babubekezelela kahle ubusika. Ishadi likhetha ukuhlala lodwa, futhi kuyaqabukela ukulithola emhlambini.
Ukudla
I-char iyinhlanzi edlayo futhi noma ngabe ihlala kuphi, ukudla kwezilwane kufakiwe ekudleni kwayo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezimangazayo zeshadi zingadla ezinye, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-molluscs, ama-zoobentrophages namaqanda. Izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini amasha: amachibi nemifula kungadla izidumbu, ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane eziminza emzimbeni wamanzi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
ILoach izala ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, izala kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi ngoJuni. Konje, char fish roe izinhlobo ezinkulu zithandwa kakhulu ekudobeni okuthengiswayo futhi zibiza imali enhle emakethe yezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zamanzi angenasawoti zikhetha izindawo ezingajulile kakhulu echibini lokuzalisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imifudlana, imisele yokunikeza imibungu ngamanzi agobhozayo nomoya.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-anadromous zivela olwandle ngesikhathi sokuzala futhi zibeka amaqanda emizimbeni yamanzi amasha, kwesinye isikhathi esihlabathini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi. I-char ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ineminyaka engu-3-4, kanti izinhlanzi ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-7. Iqiniso elithandekayo lenkathi yokukhwelana yale nhlanzi ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukushintsha umbala ukuze bakhange umlingani. Ukukhula namabhamu kuvela esikalini sabo esibushelelezi.
Izakhiwo zokupheka
Abantu abaningi banesifiso sokuthenga i-char, ngoba inokunambitheka okuhlukile, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu kanye neqoqo elikhulu lezinto ezilandelwayo ezilusizo.
Kuphelele ekudleni kokudla uma kushubile noma kubilisiwe. Izitsha eziningi ezimnandi zenziwa nge-char, ngokwesibonelo, ama-steaks, isobho lenhlanzi, isitshulu. Ipheka ngokushesha, kepha kuvela ithambe futhi ithenda. Idume kakhulu futhi ithandwa eRussia usawoti wezinhlanzi char.
