Izwe lethu elibanzi likhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezinkulu nezincane. Amagundane adlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem, futhi amanye awo anjalo Izimbila zaseMongolia – ama-tarbagans.
Ukubukeka kweTarbagan
Lesi silwane singohlobo lohlobo lwezimbila. Umzimba uyasinda, mkhulu. Ubukhulu besilisa bucishe bube ngama-60-63 cm, abesifazane bancane kancane - amasentimitha angama-55-58. Isisindo esilinganisiwe cishe siyi-5-7 kg.
Inhloko iphakathi nendawo, ifana nonogwaja omile. Amehlo makhulu, amnyama, nekhala elimnyama kunalokho. Intamo ifushane. Amehlo, iphunga nokuzwa kukhule kahle.
Imilenze imifushane, umsila mude, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba wonke kwezinye izinhlobo. Izinzipho zibukhali futhi ziqinile. Njengawo wonke amagundane, amazinyo angaphambili made.
Ijazi tarbagana kunalokho muhle, unesihlabathi noma nsundu ngombala, ulula entwasahlobo kunasekwindla. Ijazi lincane, kepha liminyene, ngobude obumaphakathi, ijazi langaphansi elithambile limnyama kunombala omkhulu.
Ezidladleni izinwele zibomvu, ekhanda nasethiphu yomsila - mnyama. Izindlebe eziyindilinga, njengezidladla, ezinombala obomvu. E-Talassky tarbagan noboya bomvu ngamabala akhanyayo ezinhlangothini. Lolu uhlobo oluncane kunazo zonke.
Abantu abanemibala ehlukene bahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umlotha ompunga, ophuzi onesihlabathi noma obomvu omnyama. Izilwane kumele zibukeke kufanelekile kubuso bemvelo ukuze zifihle indawo yazo ezitheni eziningi.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseTarbagan
UTarbagan uhlala ezifundeni ezisemaqeleni eRussia, eTransbaikalia naseTuva. I-bobak marmot ihlala eKazakhstan naseTrans-Urals. Izingxenye ezisempumalanga neziphakathi neKyrgyzstan, kanye nezintaba zase-Altai, zakhethwa yizinhlobo ze-Altai.
Izinhlobo zeYakut zihlala eningizimu nasempumalanga yeYakutia, entshonalanga yeTransbaikalia nengxenye esenyakatho yeFar East. Olunye uhlobo, iFergana tarbagan, lusabalele e-Asia Ephakathi.
Izintaba zeTien Shan seziyikhaya leTalas tarbagan. Imbila emnyama esongwe emnyama ihlala eKamchatka, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-tarbagan. Izimfunda zase-Alpine, amathafa asemaqeleni, amahlathi asemaqeleni, izintaba kanye nemicengezi yemifula yindawo ekahle yokuhlala kuyo. Bahlala kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-0.6-3 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
AmaTarbagans ahlala emakoloni. Kepha, umndeni ngamunye unenethiwekhi yawo yeziminki, efaka imbobo yokwakha isidleke, "izindawo zokuhlala" zasebusika nasehlobo, izindlu zangasese kanye nemihubhe yamamitha amaningi ephela ezindaweni eziningi zokuphuma.
Ngakho-ke, isilwane esingasheshi kakhulu singazicabangela ngokuphepha okulinganiselayo - uma kunosongo, singacasha njalo. Umgodi uvame ukufika ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-3-4, kanti ubude bamaphaseji angaba ngamamitha angama-30.
Ukujula komgodi we-tarbagan kungamamitha ayi-3-4, kanti ubude buyi-30 m.
Umndeni uyiqembu elincane ngaphakathi koloni eliqukethe abazali namazinyane angaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Isimo ngaphakathi kwalesi sihlalo sinobungane, kepha uma abantu abangabazi bengena endaweni, bayaxoshwa.
Lapho kunokudla okwanele, leli koloni lingabantu abangaba ngu-16-18, kepha uma izimo zokusinda zinzima kakhulu, khona-ke inani labantu lingancishiswa libe ngabantu abangu-2-3.
Izilwane ziphila impilo yokushintshana, ziphuma emigodini yazo cishe ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ekuseni, nango-6 kusihlwa. Ngenkathi umndeni umatasa umba umgodi noma ukondla, omunye ume egqumeni futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, uzoxwayisa sonke isifunda ngempempe ehlabayo.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane zinamahloni kakhulu futhi ziyaqapha, ngaphambi kokushiya umgodi, zizobheka ngapha nangapha bese zihogela isikhathi eside zize ziqiniseke ngokuphepha kwezinhlelo zazo.
Lalela izwi le-marbaot ye-tarbagan
Ngokufika kwekwindla, ngoSepthemba, izilwane ziyalala, zifihle ekujuleni kwemigodi yazo izinyanga eziyisikhombisa ezinde (ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukulala ubuthongo kuncane, ezindaweni ezibandayo kukude).
Bavala umnyango womgodi ngendle, umhlaba, utshani. Ngenxa yocwecwe lomhlaba neqhwa ngaphezu kwabo, kanye nokufudumala kwabo, ama-tarbagans acindezelwe kakhulu ngokumelene nomunye agcina izinga lokushisa elihle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Entwasahlobo, lapho izilwane ziphuma emigodini yazo, sizofika isikhathi se-molt yasehlobo nesigaba esilandelayo sokuzala nokuzondla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-tarbagans adinga ukuba nesikhathi sokuqongelela amafutha ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esilandelayo esibandayo.
Lezi zilwane zondla inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zotshani, izihlahla, izitshalo ezinokhuni. Imvamisa azondli ngezitshalo zokulima, ngoba azihlali emasimini. Zondliwa ngamakhambi ahlukahlukene asezintabeni, izimpande, amajikijolo. Imvamisa idla ihleli, iphethe ukudla ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili.
Entwasahlobo, lapho kusenotshani obuncane, ama-tarbagans adla kakhulu ama-bulb ezitshalo kanye nama-rhizomes azo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwehlobo okusebenzayo kwezimbali notshani, izilwane zikhetha amahlumela amancane, kanye namaqabunga aqukethe amaprotheni adingekayo.
Amajikijolo nezithelo zezitshalo azigayeki ngokuphelele emzimbeni walezi zilwane, kepha ziye ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela zisakazeka emasimini. I-Tarbagan ingagwinya kuze kufike ku-1.5 kg ngosuku. izitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo, ezinye izinambuzane nazo zingena emlonyeni - amakhilikithi, izintethe, amacimbi, iminenke, iziphungumangathi. Izilwane azikhethi ngokukhethekile lokho kudla, kepha kwenza ingxenye yesithathu yokudla okuphelele kwezinye izinsuku.
Lapho ama-tarbagans egcinwe ekuthunjweni, ondliwa ngenyama, ayidla kalula. Ngokudla okunjalo okusebenzayo, izilwane zithola cishe ikhilogremu lamafutha ngesizini ngayinye. Awadingi amanzi, aphuza okuncane kakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Cishe inyanga ngemuva kokulala ubusika bonke, ama-tarbagans mate. Ukukhulelwa kwenziwa izinsuku ezingama-40-42. Imvamisa isibalo sezingane siba ngu-4-6, kwesinye isikhathi kube ngu-8. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zihamba ze, zingaboni futhi zingenakuzisiza.
Kungemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21 kuphela lapho amehlo abo azovuleka khona. Ngenyanga yokuqala nohhafu, izingane zondla ubisi lukamama, futhi zithola usayizi ohloniphekile nesisindo - kufika ku-35 cm no-2.5 kg.
Esithombeni i-Tarbagan marmot enamawundlu
Ennyangeni eyodwa, amawundlu ashiya kancane umgodi abheke ukukhanya okumhlophe. Njenganoma yiziphi izingane, bayadlala, banelukuluku futhi banonya. Intsha ibona ubusika bayo bokuqala emgodini wobuzali bayo, futhi okulandelayo, noma unyaka kuphela, ozoqala owayo umndeni.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-tarbagans aphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10, ekuthunjweni angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Umuntu uyakwazisa amafutha we-tarbaganngezindawo eziwusizo. Bangakwazi ukwelapha isifo sofuba, ukusha nesithwathwa, i-anemia.
Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sangaphambili samafutha, uboya nenyama yalokhu izilwane, bhekumuzi manje efakwe ohlwini ku- Incwadi Ebomvu I-Russia futhi isencwadini ngaphansi kwesimo 1 (esongelwa ngokuqothulwa).
