Phakathi kwezinyoni eziningi ezihlala kuleplanethi yethu, kukhona okuhlekisayo nokungajwayelekile ngaphandle, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, anikezwa amagama athakazelisayo. Enye yalezi zinyoni ingabizwa Iyaphela indlelalokho kubukeka njengethoyizi elikhanyayo nelithambile.
Ukubukeka kwezinyoni zePuffin
Inyoni yePuffin encane ngosayizi, icishe ilingane nejuba eliphakathi nendawo. Ubukhulu bayo bungamasentimitha angama-30, ubude bephiko bucishe bube uhhafu wemitha. Insikazi inesisindo esingu-310 amagremu, owesilisa ungaphezulu kancane - 345 amagremu. Le nyoni ingeka-oda lama-plover nomndeni wama-pyzhikovs.
Umzimba uminyene, uyafana nomzimba wephengwini, kepha laba bantu ababili abahlobene. Isici esiyinhloko nokuthinta okugqamile emfanekisweni we-puffin uqhwaku lwayo oluhle. Inesimo esingunxantathu, icindezelwe kakhulu kusuka ezinhlangothini, kufana nomcengezi omncane. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, uqhwaku luguquka lube ololintshi ngokugqamile.
Isiphetho esifile sikhetha umlingani oyedwa impilo yonke
Ikhanda lenyoni liyindilinga, limnyama emqhele, okunye kumhlophe, kunamabala amhlophe ezihlathini. Amehlo mancane, futhi abonakala esesibayeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, aqhakanjiswa ngejwabu leso eliwolintshi elikhanyayo nezakhiwo ezimpunga zesikhumba.
Umzimba ngemuva upendwe mnyama, isisu simhlophe. Imilenze enolwelwesi, njengaleyo yezinyoni zasemanzini, nayo iyafana nombala womlomo ogqamile. Ukuphela kwesithombe ibukeka ingavamile futhi yinhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu kubonakala, ubizwa nangokuthi i-clown yolwandle noma upholi, okulungile impela.
Indawo yokuhlala izinyoni zePuffin
Dead dead marine ohlala, uhlala emaphethelweni. Iningi labantu lisengxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu. Ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni izinyoni iziphetho ezifile izidleke emabhange I-Iceland futhi kwenza ama-60% abantu bonke.
Kuthatha iziQhingi zeFaroe, iShetland neziqhingi ezisendaweni yase-Arctic. ENyakatho Melika, eWitless Bay Nature Reserve, kukhona ikoloni elikhulu (cishe amaphawundi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250) ama-puffin. Futhi amakoloni amakhulu ahlala ogwini lwaseNorway, eNewfoundland, entshonalanga yeGreenland.
Kukhona ikoloni elikhulu eRussia ama-puffin ahlala abantu ogwini lwaseMurmansk. Amaqembu amancane ahlala eNovaya Zemlya, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKola Peninsula naseziqhingini eziseduze. Lezi zinyoni zikhetha iziqhingi ezincane impilo yazo yonke, kepha azithandi ukwakha izidleke ezwekazini uqobo.
Isithombe sikhombisa i-puffin yase-Atlantic
Le nyoni iye yahlangana nangaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle, kodwa ayihlali lapho ukuze izale. Iphinde isatshalaliswe kulo lonke i-Arctic nase-Atlantic Ocean phakathi nobusika, nomngcele webanga elisogwini lwaseNyakatho Afrika. Kwesinye isikhathi bangena oLwandle iMedithera entshonalanga. Ngesikhathi sasebusika igcina ngamaqembu amancane, cishe ihlala njalo emanzini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni ye-puffin
Njengoba iningi lempilo ye-puffin lichithwa emanzini, ungumuntu obhukuda onekhono. Ngaphansi kwamanzi ishaya amaphiko ayo njengokundiza, ifinyelela isivinini samamitha amabili ngomzuzwana. Iyakwazi ukudilika ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70. Uyakwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini, noma agijime, kepha kube ngokungahambi kahle.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-puffin ahlala wodwa noma ngababili, endiza asuka ogwini ibanga elide (kufika ku-100 km) futhi eshwiba lapho kumagagasi. Ngisho nasephusheni, izinyoni zihlala zihambisa izidladla zazo emanzini.
Ukuze izimpaphe zingabi manzi futhi zifudumale, ama-puffin ahlala eqapha ukubukeka kwawo, ehlunga izimpaphe futhi asakaze imfihlo yendlala ye-coccygeal phezu kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokuphila emanzini, i-molting yenzeka, ama-puffin alahlekelwa yizo zonke izimpaphe eziyinhloko ngasikhathi sinye, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, azikwazi ukundiza kuze kukhule ezintsha.
Lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Impilo esemhlabeni ayithandi ama-puffin, ayenzelwanga kakhulu ukusuka nokuhlala emhlabathini oqinile. Izimpiko zazo zisebenza kangcono ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha emoyeni zivame ukundiza zilandelana kuphela, ngaphandle kokuhamba.
Ifika, inyoni iwela esiswini sayo, kwesinye isikhathi ishaya umakhelwane othambile, uma ingakwazanga ukuphuma eceleni. Ukuze asuke, kufanele awele entanjeni yomthofu wokumisa, ngokushesha ashaye amaphiko akhe bese ephakama.
Yize isikhathi emhlabeni singekho kahle kulezi zinyoni, kufanele zibuyele lapho zisuka emanzini ezithandayo ukuze zizale. Entwasahlobo, izinyoni zizama ukubuyela esikoloni kusenesikhathi ukuze zikhethe indawo engcono yokwakha isidleke.
Sebebhukudele ogwini, balinda kuze kube yilapho lonke iqhwa selincibilikile, bese beqala ukwakha. Bobabili abazali bayabandakanyeka kule nqubo - omunye uyamba, owesibili uthatha inhlabathi. Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, izinyoni zingakwazi ukunakekela ukubukeka kwazo, kanye nokuhlela ubudlelwano nomakhelwane, lapho kungekho neyodwa inyoni ezothinteka ikakhulukazi.
Ama-puffin awandizi kahle, kuphela kulayini oqondile
Ukudla kuphelile
Ama-puffin adla izinhlanzi namanye ama-molluscs, ama-shrimps, ama-crustaceans. Ezinhlanzi, zivame kakhulu ukondla i-herring, ama-gerbils, ama-eel, ama-capelin. Ngokuvamile, noma iziphi izinhlanzi ezincane, ngokuvamile ezingekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-7. Ngokobuningi bokuzingela emanzini, lezi zinyoni zijwayele kahle kakhulu, zitshuza futhi zibambe umoya wazo umzuzu, ziyabhukuda, zihamba ngezinyawo futhi zithole isivinini ngosizo lwamaphiko azo.
Ukubanjwa kudliwa khona lapho, ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha uma inyamazane inkulu, khona-ke izinyoni ziqala ziyidonsele phezulu. Ekudonseni okukodwa, isiphetho esifile sizobamba izinhlanzi eziningana, phakathi nesikhathi senkanuko yaso siyivumela ukuthi igwinye cishe amagremu ayi-100-300 wokudla.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yezinyoni ze-puffin
Ama-puffin angabesilisa oyedwa, akha ibhangqa elilodwa impilo yonke. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, babuya olwandle baya koloni. Abashadikazi abahlangane ngemuva kobusika bahlikihla amakhanda abo nemilomo, okusho ukuthi banokubonakaliswa okuphezulu kothando.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa, abanakekela abesifazane, baletha izinhlanzi, okukhombisa ukubaluleka kwabo njengobaba womndeni. Ama-puffin avuselela ezindala, noma agubha izidleke ezintsha enhlabathini ye-peat. Izimbiwa zimbiwe ngendlela yokuthi umnyango wazo wawumncane futhi umude (cishe amamitha amabili), futhi ekujuleni kwakukhona indawo yokuhlala ebanzi. Endlini uqobo lwayo, izinyoni zakha isidleke ngotshani obomile nangokubhobhoza.
Lapho onke amalungiselelo eseqediwe, ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi kanti owesifazane uzala iqanda elilodwa elimhlophe. Abazali bakhe bayashintshana izinsuku ezingama-38-42. Lapho ingane ichanyuselwa, abazali ndawonye bayiletha ngokudla, okudingayo impela.
Inhlanzi ye-puffin ingathwalwa izingcezu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, iyibambe emlonyeni ngolimi olunolaka. Iphuphu elisanda kuzalwa limbozwe ngomfutho omnyama onendawo encane emhlophe esifubeni; ngosuku lwe-10-11, kuvela izimpaphe zokuqala zeqiniso. Ekuqaleni, uqhwaku nalo lumnyama, futhi kuphela enyonini yabantu abadala luthola umbala osawolintshi.
Ama-puffin amabili ahlomisa isidleke
Kuze kube yilapho ingane isikhulile, ama-puffins ayivikela ezitheni zemvelo - izinkozi, oklebe, izinhlanzi nezinsika. Emini, iphuphu lihlala esidlekeni, kuthi ebusuku abazali bamphelezele baye emanzini futhi bamfundise ukubhukuda. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwenyanga, bese kuthi abazali bavele bayeke ukondla ingane. Akukho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokundiza aphume esidlekeni aye ebudaleni. Izinyoni eziningi zingaba nomona ngokulindela isikhathi sokuphila se-puffin - le nyoni iphila cishe iminyaka engama-30.
