IMfene babiza inkawu enobuhlakani futhi bathi ubuhlakani babo nesifiso sabo sokuhlala emphakathini kuphakeme kunezimfene. Phakathi kwawo wonke ama-primates ase-Afrika, axhumana nabantu kakhulu kunabanye.
Esithombeni, izimfene zingumama onengane
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo imfene
Uhlu lwezimfene luholela ezimfeneni ezisuka emndenini wezinkawu. Ziyabonakala kalula ngohlobo olukhethekile logebhezi olunomlomo olengisiwe. Igama libonisa lesi sici - inkawu ephethwe yinja. Ngomthunzi ophuzi ophuzi wezinwele, izilwane zibizwa ngezimfene eziphuzi. Izimfene esithombeni bheka funny futhi ezithakazelisayo.
Usayizi womuntu omdala ufinyelela ku-75 cm, ngaphandle komsila, ubukhulu bawo obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-60. I-Clumsy, lapho uthi nhlá, izimfene zihlukaniswa nobugagu bazo. Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko zezimfene: umnqumo, i-Guinea imfene, imfene i-chacma nemfene ephuzi ne-hamadryl, ehlukaniswa ngobuso obubanzi nobomvu, igama layo imfene ebomvu.
Izinkawu ezisebenzayo nezifuna ukwazi zihlala emphakathini. Azihambi impilo eyodwa. Ubudlelwano emhlambini wabantu abangama-50-80 benziwa ngesisekelo sendima ephezulu yabesilisa nabesifazane abaningana.
Ukuhambisa owesilisa osekhulile uye komunye umhlambi, udinga ukuvikela abesifazane abahloniphekile ezilwaneni ezidla kabi futhi ubakhombise inhlonipho. Emhlambini izimfene ngokwesilinganiso samadoda angama-6-8, inqwaba yabesifazane namathole weminyaka ehlukene. Izimfene zihamba ngemilenze emine, zigcina umsila wazo e-engeli oya emzimbeni.
Imisila emide, ephakanyiselwe phezulu, ingabonakala kude lapho umhlambi uhamba. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yezimfene eziphuzi eMaphakathi naseMpumalanga ye-Afrika yizindawo ezingama-savanna ne-steppe, yize ezindaweni ezinentaba ezisentabeni zikhululekile, inqobo nje uma kukhona imithombo yokunisela.
Izimfene zijwayela kahle izindawo zokuhlala ezinamadwala kanye namahlathi. Yonke indawo bathola izindawo zokucasha eziphephile. Izinkawu zikhangwa izindawo zokuhlala abantu nokutshala izitshalo. Ukuhlasela amasimu ommbila noma amabele yinto eyejwayelekile empilweni yezimfene.
Izimfene zinamazinyo amakhulu aqinile
Abamesabi umuntu, bayancenga bese beba lapho kuqala ithuba. Ngokugasela emasimini, izakhamuzi zasendaweni zibabheka njengezinambuzane. Uma ubudlelwano nabantu buba yingozi, izinkawu zibaleka zingalwi.
Imfene kulula ukuyithambisa, bese iba ngumngani ozinikele futhi othandekayo. EGibhithe lasendulo, kwakuyisiko emindenini ecebile ukuthi igcine izilwane ezinjalo. Imfene kaHamadryl ohlonishwa njengonkulunkulu ogama lakhe linguBabi.
Ngokwemvelo, akuzona zonke izidumbu ezingabhekana nezimfene ezinamandla nezihlakaniphile. Bahlaselwa yizingwe ezilambile, izimpisi, izimpungushe, amabhubesi, izimfene ezibhekana nokuqina kwazo ngokungesabi. Zime ulayini futhi zibambe amazinyo, izinkawu zikhombisa ukufutheka okunamandla nokukwazi ukumelana nesitha.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yemfene
Izimfene ziphila impilo yomhlambi: zihamba ndawonye, zondle, zikhulise abasha, zichithe ubusuku futhi zivikele ezitheni. Izinkawu zinobukhosi bazo. Isimo somuntu ohlonishwayo siqinisekiswa yizimpawu zomzimba ezibalulekile. Umndeni ngamunye wezimfene uhlala endaweni enkulu engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-13-15, kepha imingcele yamasayithi ifiphele.
Imihlambi eminingana ehlobene ingahlangana endaweni eyodwa yokunisela, futhi lezi zimo zivame kakhulu. Izimfene eziphuzi zihamba ngamakholoni ahlelekile. Phambili futhi ekugcineni kodwendwe kukhona abesilisa abavela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lesigaba sabaphathi, abaqapha umhlambi. Ekujuleni, abesifazane bahamba namazinyane asekhulile namancane kakhulu. Abesilisa bahamba eduze.
Uma kuvela isitha, khona-ke umhlambi uthatha indawo yokuzivikela esabisa ngisho izingulule. Uma kwenzeka kuliwa, abesilisa bayakugodla ukuhlaselwa, abanye basakazeke ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuze isitha singazi ukuthi sizogijimela kubani. Imizuzwana yokukhetha iyisindisa izimpilo zezimfene eziningi. Izihlobo zishiya abantu abalimele, bazokufa.
Abasindi bodwa. Mayelana nezimfene bathi basindiswa ubumbano nenhlangano. Sekuyisikhathi eside izimfene zibonakala zihlangana nezinyamazane noma ezinye izidleke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
Izinhlwathi zinobukhazikhazi obuthambile. Lapho beqala ukubaleka, kuyisignali ukuthi bahlale beqaphile. Uma izimfene zikhala ngokushaqisayo, khona-ke izinhlwathi zilungiselela ukuvela kwezidliwayo. Izilwane zijabulela umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wezitho zezakhamizi ezinobungane bemvelo.
Imfene egijimayo
Umuzwa obukhali wokunuka kwezinhlwathi nokubona okuhle kwezimfene kusiza ekuphepheni okuhlangene. Imihlambi yezinkawu ingayichitha imizamo yokusondela ezingulule, izitha eziyinhloko ze-antelope. Emini izimfene bamatasa nomsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlanza uboya bomunye nomunye kuma-parasites. Kuzinqubo, isikhundla sezikhundla sabantu esithile siyabonakala.
Uma umholi akhombisa ukuthi ukulungele ukuphumula, izinkawu eziningi ziya kuye ngasikhathi sinye ukuyoxubha uboya bakhe. Isimo sengqondo esifanayo sikhonjiswa kwabesifazane abakhulu nezinsana. Amanye amalungu omhlambi ahlanze ngokulandelana, aguqule izindawo. Izinqubo zenhlanzeko zibaluleke kakhulu njengokuvikela izifo kanye nezifo.
Ukuhlanza kusuka ezinambuzaneni, ukungcola, ukugoqa uboya ngezandla zakho kuletha ukwaneliseka nemizwa emnandi ezinkawini, zize zivale amehlo azo ngenxa yenjabulo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omndeni bakhiwa kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthi imfene iyamukelwa yini enkambisweni eyimfihlo.
Izilwane zichitha ubusuku emagatsheni amade ezihlahla, lapho zizizwa ziphephile ezinyokeni ezinkulu nakwezinye izilwane ezizingelayo ezimnyama. Kuphela emva kokuntwela kokusa lapho izinkawu ziyehla. Izingane zihlala ziseduze nabantu abadala emidlalweni, zazi kahle isayensi yokuphila.
Ezincane kakhulu zihamba nonina, zinamathele eboyeni bakhe. Owesifazane onenganyana ugxuma ngobunono ezihlahleni abaleke uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Ezingxabanweni, imindeni ayisoze yahlasela ophethe ithole.
Ukudla kwezimfene
Kokudla okunomsoco, izilwane azithobeki futhi zijwayela kalula izifunzo ezahlukahlukene. Into esemqoka ekudleni ukutholakala kwamanzi. Ngezinsuku ezomile, izilwane zisindiswa ngumbethe wasekuseni ezitshalweni ngisho nasoboya bazo, ezikukhotha. Izimfene zidla amaqabunga, izimpande, imbewu, izithelo, izigaxa zezitshalo.
Iningi lokudla kwezilwane iminenke, inhlanzi, izinyoni, izinambuzane, izibankwa, amagundane namanye amagundane amancane. Ukugaywa kwezimfene kuyefana nokwabantu, ngakho-ke ukuthatha okuthile okumnandi kubavakashi abavela ezindlini, ematendeni noma ngqo ezandleni zabo kuyinto ejwayelekile yokuzijabulisa kwesilwane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimfene nesikhathi sokuphila
Ubudlelwano bendoda kanye imfene eyinsikazi akuhlali kuya ocansini. Izithandani zingachitha isikhathi ndawonye, ukwethembana kuyama, zishikilisane, kepha zingabandakanyi. Kwesinye isikhathi ubudlelwano buphela ngenxa yokuhlangana kowesifazane nabanye besilisa nokutholwa kobuholi.
Abesifazane bakhombisa ukulungela komzimba ukushada: imvu ebomvu evuvukile yemfene ubufakazi obucacile balokhu. Kwabesifazane abangenalutho, ivolumu yokuvuvukala iyanda futhi ifinyelela ku-15% wesisindo somzimba.
Kunzima kwabesilisa ukwenza amaphutha lapho bekhetha umbhangqwana. Abaholi abavelele bahlala benenzuzo, emhlambini banelungelo lokuthola ukukhishwa okungama-70-80%. Eminye imibhangqwana sekuneminyaka ikhona. Izinsizwa ezisencane ziya kweminye imihlambi ziyofuna abesifazane abahlonishwayo kanye nokugunyazwa kobuholi.
Iwundlu elisanda kuzalwa linengubo yoboya emnyama evelivethi, egcina ikhanya bese iba njengomzali, iba mpunga-mpunga. Imfene encane izungezwe ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwabantu abadala. Akuzona zonke izingane ezizalwayo ezisindayo. Abesifazane bathwala abafileyo izinsuku eziningana ezandleni zabo, bengafuni ukuhlukana.
Izimfene eziningi zihlala ezinkulisa nasemazu lapho zizala khona ngempumelelo. Impilo emaphakathi yemfene ephuzi, noma imfene, yiminyaka engama-40. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula ngeminyaka emi-5-7. Lesi silwane ungasibona ema-zoo amaningi emhlabeni, njengoba izimfene zingathobekile futhi zinobungane nemvelo.
