Izici zesikali
I-Scalaria (evela emshweni wesiLatini iPterophyllum - empeleni uphaphe neqabunga) luhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwezinhlanzi ezidlayo ezivela ku-perchiformes kanye nomndeni wakwa-cichlov. Kungokwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe. Muva nje, izikali seziyizinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemvelo ziyaziwa isikhumba senhlanzi:
- I-Scalaria Leopolda (kusuka ku-Latin Pterophyllum leopoldi);
- Isikali esivamile (kusuka ku-Latin Pterophyllum scalare);
- IScalaria altum (kusuka kuLatin Pterophyllum altum).
Umzimba walezi zinhlanzi umile njengediski enwebe kancane ithe nkqo. Izinhlanzi zifinyelela ku-15 cm, ukuphakama kungama-20-25 cm.
Ngenxa yamaphiko amade amile (anal and dorsal), ukuvela kwalo mndeni kuqala ukwakheka kukakhwezi. Umphetho womsila uyaguquguquka, ubanzi futhi kunalokho ubude - ngamasentimitha ama-5-7. Isikimu sombala we-scalar sihluke kakhulu - ohlotsheni kunamaphethini ayindilinga, anemabala futhi anemishwe ebusweni bomzimba.
Abafuyi bakhulise ama-subspecies amaningi (amafomu okuzalanisa) alezi zinhlanzi, ahluke kakhulu kumbala wangaphandle. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinhlanzi zasemanzini yi:
- Isikali esimnyama i-velvet;
- Idube leScalar;
- Isikali segolide;
- Isikali seKoi;
- I-Scalar panda;
- Isikhumba seveil;
- Isikali esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elinye igama elijwayelekile ingelosi yesikali;
- Imabula yeScalaria;
- Ingwe yesikhumba.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zombala ezinenhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yamaphethini zenziwa.
Okufanekisiwe yisikali segolide
Isibonelo, lapho uwela scalar koi benamabala abomvu anesikali esivamile, bakhipha inhlanzi ethokozisayo futhi enemibala njenge isikhumba esibomvu noma njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi "red devil". Izici zocansi kulezi zinhlanzi kunzima ukuzihlukanisa futhi zicishe zingabonakali.
Hlukanisa isikali sesilisa kusuka kowesifazane kunzima kakhulu ngisho nakumuntu onolwazi futhi imvamisa abafuyi bathembela kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile, babheke izinhlanzi futhi banqume ubulili ngokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ngesikhathi sokuzalisa lapho kuzalwa okokuqala, abazitshaleli ngqo izinhlobo ezidingekayo zezinhlanzi ndawonye, kepha lokhu bakwenza ngezikhathi ezilandelayo, lapho ubulili bomuntu ngamunye busobala.
Esithombeni se-koi scalar
Lezi zinhlanzi ziqale ukusatshalaliswa kwazo endle zisuka eNingizimu Melika, lapho zihlala khona emifuleni efana ne-Essequibo, i-Amazon, iRio Negro ne-Orinoco. Njengamanje, i-scalar ithathwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinhlanzi ezihlala ezakhiweni zokufakelwa - ama-zoo ahlukahlukene nezindawo ezizimele zangasese.
Okuqukethwe kwesikali ku-aquarium
Ukuhlala ekhaya kuma-aquariums akudingi izinga eliphakeme leziqu zabanikazi nemishini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwamadivayisi ajwayelekile wokuphila kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Kungenzeka ukuthenga isikali kanye nayo yonke imishini edingekayo yokugcinwa kwabo cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane.
Esithombeni, i-velvet emnyama ekhanyayo
Kukhona ama-caveats ambalwa alula lapho ugcina izinhlanzi ze-scalar. Okokuqala, i-aquarium uqobo kufanele ibe nkulu ukuze ingaminyene inhlanzi enkulu - ukuphakama okungenani kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angama-50-70, kanye nokuhanjiswa okungenani kwamalitha angama-60-80. Okwesibili, ukuzala, lezi zinhlanzi zidinga uhlaza olunamaqabunga amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-Ambulia, i-Cryptocorynaus, noma iVallesneria.
Okwesithathu, uma ufuna imibala yezinhlanzi ingapheli, kepha ukuze ihlale ikhanya futhi inemibala, kufanele usondele ngokucophelela ekudleni izinhlanzi ze-scalar - kufanele kube okuphilayo futhi njalo kube nekhwalithi ephezulu - okuhle kunakho konke kusuka kubakhiqizi be-elite abathembekile.
Ukunakekela izikali futhi akunzima kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukushisa okudingekayo ku-aquarium - akufanele kube ngaphansi futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwama-25-27 degrees futhi kufanelekile ukushintsha amanzi okungenani kanye ngesonto. Njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi yase-aquarium, kufanele kwenziwe i-aeration okungenani kabili ngosuku imizuzu engama-20-30.
Esikrinini esinemigqa yesithombe
Ukuhambisana kwesikali ku-aquarium nezinye izinhlanzi
Ku-aquarium eyodwa, ejwayelekile izibazi ezinama-scalars ezinye izinhlobo namafomu wokukhetha. Abantu balolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kuyaqabukela belwa bodwa futhi babone ukuhlangana kokuhlala ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ze-scalar, ezolile ekuziphatheni kwazo, zabelana kalula ngendawo yamanzi nazo zonke izinhlanzi ezingezona ezinobudlova zomndeni wazo we-cichlid.
Futhi, kungenzeka ukwengeza kubo izinkemba ezibomvu, amapholi noma i-catfish kubo. Kepha ekuhlalisaneni nolunye uhlobo kukhona okukodwa, kepha ububi obukhulu kakhulu - izibazi zithinteka kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene ezinye izinhlanzi ezithwala kalula futhi zingabonakali.
Kulula kakhulu ukubathelela ngengozi futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqhubeka ukubelapha. Kepha ngubani okungafanele neze ukuba naye esitsheni esifanayo no izikali ze-aquarium, ngakho-ke lezi izinhlanzi ezinjenge-guppies, i-goldfish nama-acars.
Esithombeni kukhona isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Owokuqala, kungekudala noma kamuva, izibazi zingadla, lezi zakamuva zinolaka, nazo ezingathandwa kakhulu yizibazi, kanti owesithathu, yize beyizihlobo emndenini, bangalimaza futhi babulale nezibazi ngokwabo.
Ukudla okunomsoco nempilo yesikali
Ukudla kwama-scalars endaweni yabo yemvelo ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izibungu, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-plankton. Endaweni yokufakelwa ye-aquarium, lezi zinhlanzi kufanele zondliwe nganoma yikuphi ukudla komdabu ophilayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukudla okuvela ku-tubifex, i-bloodworm noma i-brine shrimp. Inani lokudla okwabiwayo kumele kunqunywe ngokuzimela, kubhekwe ubukhulu bezinhlanzi isikhathi esithile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungadluli isikali, bayakubekezelela lokhu kabi futhi kabuhlungu, futhi bangagcina ngokufa. Futhi, ukondla ngokweqile kungathinta kabi izizukulwane ezizayo. Emanzini ukuzala isikali kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kepha uma ufuna ukuzizala, kuzofanela usebenze kancane.
Esithombeni, ipanda le-scalar
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka kulezi zinhlanzi ezinyangeni eziyi-10-12 ubudala. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi azinazisekelo futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuzikhethela zona, ngakho-ke amahlumela amancane agcinwa ndawonye ngaphambi kokuzala ukuze nawo ahlukane ngababili.
Kulolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, kubonakala imidlalo ehlukile yokukhwelana futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi iba nolaka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa i-scalar caviar zibeka ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwamashidi amakhulu ezitshalo - kokukodwa kokuzala owesifazane uletha amaqanda angama-300-500.
Zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, amaqanda akhula aguquke abe yizibungu, abese eba gazinga. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukungenelela komuntu kufiseleka kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukusetha kabusha insikazi futhi gazinga esitsheni esihlukile, ngoba abanye abantu abadala bangadla yonke inzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Esithombeni, i-scalar caviar
Owesifazane uqobo uzokhathalela gazinga, futhi lapha usizo lomuntu olukhethekile alusadingeki. Thosa isikhumba esimhlophe imibala, icishe ibe sobala futhi kuphela ngesikhathi nokukhula kudwetshwe ngemibala yabo yemvelo. Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zinesibindi eside; uma zigcinwa kahle emanzini, ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8-10.
