Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ushaka iMako ungummeleli omkhulu womndeni wama-herring. Ngokombono owandile emibuthanweni yesayensi, uyinzalo eqondile yohlobo lwangaphambi komlando woshaka abakhulu bamamitha ayisithupha u-Isurus hastilus, owafinyelela isisindo esingu-3000 kg futhi bahlala emanzini olwandle kanye nama-plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, nama-kronosaurs ezikhathini zasendulo zesikhathi seCretaceous. Ubukeka kanjani umaki oshaka? kulezi zinsuku?
Izinhlobo zesimanje zezidalwa ezinjalo zinesisindo esingeqile kuma-400 kg ngokwesilinganiso, ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-3-4.Futhi zinokubonakala okujwayelekile kubo bonke abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezidlayo neziyingozi.
Njengoba kungabonakala ku- mako shark isithombe, imizimba yabo inesimo se-torpedo esenziwe lula, esenza ukuthi lezi zilwane zasolwandle zihambe ngokushesha emanzini. Oshaka abaphikisiwe basebenzela inhloso efanayo.
I-dorsal fin iyisici esivelele sabo bonke oshaka, inkulu ngenhla eyindilinga. Ingemuva kwazo kunesimo secrescent, kanti umphetho womsila, kanye namabhande anobukhulu nobude obufanayo, uyakwazi ukunikeza ushaka ukusheshisa okusheshayo. Izinsimbi zomkhawulo we-pelvic kanye nezinsiza ezincane ze-anal fins ekuqhubeni.
Inhloko ye-mako inesimo sesigaxa, futhi ngemuva kwayo kunama-gill slits ayishumi, amahlanu ohlangothini ngalunye, ngemuva kwawo kukhona amaphiko we-pectoral anamandla. Amehlo kashaka makhulu, futhi imisele ekhethekile ilingana emakhaleni asempumulweni.
Amazinyo wesilwane abhekiswe ngaphakathi emlonyeni, abukhali kakhulu futhi amise okwegwegwe. Zakha imigqa emibili: ngenhla nangaphansi. Futhi ngayinye yazo, emaphakathi inesimo se-saber. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu oshaka amazinyo mako inkulu futhi icijile.
Imvamisa isilwane siyabizwa ushaka ompunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mako lifanelwe leli gama, elinombala ofanele, onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu, kepha ocishe ube mhlophe esiswini. Ukuba nomthunzi ofanayo, umhlaseli onobungozi cishe akabonakali ekujuleni kolwandle, okulusizo kakhulu kuye ngenkathi ezingela inyamazane.
IMako shark yaziwa nangamanye amagama: i-blue pointer, ushaka onamakhala amnyama, i-bonito, i-mackerel shark. Lesi sakhamuzi solwandle olujulile sitholakala olwandle oluvulekile futhi eduze nogu lweziqhingi namazwe anesimo sezulu esingesihle, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingehli ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C: ngasogwini lwase-Australia nase-Afrika, kanye naseJapan, eNew Zealand, e-Argentina nase IGulf of Mexico.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Isakhiwo somzimba walesi sakhamuzi esesabekayo ekujuleni kolwandle sikhuluma ngokushesha nejubane lombani. Futhi lo mbono awukhohlisi nakancane, ngoba i-mako ibhekwa ngokufanele njengommeleli osheshayo wohlobo lukashaka, ikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha ngamazinga okurekhoda, ishesha iye ku-60 km / h.
Okufanayo isivinini sikashaka mako - i-rarity enkulu ngisho nezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni, lapho kulula khona ukuhamba. Lesi silwane asihambi nje kuphela ngejubane lombani, sona, ngobuciko be-acrobat, siyakwazi ukugxuma, sikhuphuke ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi siye kubude obungu-6 m.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenye abamele enamandla kakhulu izilwane zasolwandle. Imisipha kashaka, ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esikhethekile, esihlatshwe ama-capillary amaningi, iyakwazi ukusheshe iqhume, igcwalise ngegazi, lapho abantu bezuza khona kakhulu ngejubane nobuchule bokuhamba.
Kodwa isici esinjalo sidinga izindleko ezinkulu zamandla, okumele zigcwaliswe njalo ngokudla ngendlela enkulu yamakhalori. Lokhu kuchaza ukuminza kukashaka nesifiso sawo sokushaya noma yini ehambayo.
Futhi umuntu owabhukuda kude nogu ngengozi, ngesikhathi somhlangano ongalindelekile nalesi sidalwa esidlayo, akufanele alindele noma yini enhle kusengaphambili. Izehlakalo ezimbi kanye nezisulu Ukuhlaselwa kukashaka ibivele inokwanele ngokwanele.
Izisulu kwakungabashayeli bamaswidi, ababhukudi be-scuba kanye nabageza ngokunganaki. Umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela kungenye into ezuzwe ngemvelo kukashaka, oyisizayo ekufuneni ukudla olwandle oluvulekile, lapho kungandile khona inyamazane yalolu hlobo lwesilwane esidlayo.
Lesi silwane siphendula khona manjalo iphunga lanoma yiluphi uhlobo, olwenziwa lula kakhulu yimigodi elingana emakhaleni, ngokuwasha ngempumelelo izamukeli ezibhekele iphunga ngamanzi olwandle. Amazinyo amise okwegwegwe asiza isilwane ukuthi sigcine ukudla okushelelayo.
Kodwa imvelo inikeze oshaka hhayi ngamazinyo abukhali kuphela, kepha futhi nokuzivumelanisa okumangazayo kokubona nolwazi lomhlaba ozungezile, okubandakanya isitho esikhethekile esinekhono lokuqonda kwe-electrosensory, okutholwe ososayensi muva nje.
Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kusiza isilwane ukuthi singagcini nje ngokuhamba ebumnyameni bolwandle, kepha futhi nokubamba isimo sezengqondo salabo abaseduzane, izihlobo noma izisulu.
Ukwesaba, ukwesaba, ukwaneliseka noma intokozo - yonke le mizwa "ingabonakala" futhi izwakale ngushaka wemako. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, lesi silwane sinamandla okuzwa umfutho kagesi webhethri lohlobo lomunwe ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa.
Ukudla
Oshaka abanjalo badla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, kepha imvamisa izikole zezinhlanzi - abamele njalo izilwane zasolwandle - baba isidlo sabo sakusihlwa. Lokhu kungaba ngama-pike asolwandle, i-tuna, izikebhe zasemikhumbi, i-mullet, i-mackerel, i-herring, i-mackerel nezinye.
Okunye ukuphila kwasolwandle nakho kungaba yizisulu zoshaka: ama-molluscs, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-octopus nezinhlobo ze-squid, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo, isibonelo, amahlengethwa nezinyoni zamanzi.
Oshaka futhi badla ngempumelelo izilwane ezinkulu, ngisho nemikhomo, kepha imvamisa imihlambi yezilwane idla kuphela izidumbu zalezi zidlakela, ezafa ngesizathu esithile semvelo. Oshaka nabo banezimbangi zabo ekulweleni inyamazane. Okuyinhloko yi-swordfish. Laba baphikisi bavame ukubhekana nokuhweba kwabo.
Futhi ngezikhathi ezinjalo balwa kanzima phakathi kwabo ukuthola ithuba lokudla inyama yezisulu, banqoba ngempumelelo ehlukahlukene, njengoba kufakazelwa izinsalela ezitholakala esiswini sezinhlobo zombili zezilwane ezidla ezinye, ezibulawa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ngamatilosi. Futhi njengoba bobabili labo kanye nabanye abahlala ekujuleni kolwandle bengeke baphuthelwe yilabo, imigwaqo yamanzi yesitha iyahlangana njalo.
Futhi abadobi banesibonakaliso sokuthi uma i-swordfish iseduze, khona-ke ushaka mako eduze impela. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye ziyizidalwa ezinonya futhi eziqinile kangangokuba ngeke zihlale zilambile noma ngabe ngasizathu simbe zazingenayo inhlanhla ngesisulu.
Bangadla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, ekuboneni kokuqala, ezingakulungele ngokuphelele ukondleka, ngokwesibonelo, amagobolondo. Ushaka iMako unamazinyo anamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi akunzima nakancane ngawo ukuphihliza igobolondo lokuzivikela futhi uthole okwanele kokudla okunjalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Uhlobo olufanayo lukashaka yizilwane zasolwandle ezi-ovoviviparous. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqanda mako dlula emjikelezweni wokukhula ophelele esibelethweni sikamama, esihlala cishe unyaka nohhafu, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa cishe amawundlu ayishumi asevele esekhule ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yesilwane esidlayo emibungwini iqala ukuzibonakalisa kulesi sigaba, futhi esibelethweni, oshaka besikhathi esizayo balwela ukushwabadela abazalwane ababuthaka, besalele emuva ekukhuleni kwabo. Oshaka bakwaMako abasona isibonelo sabazali abanomusa futhi abanakekelayo, abanikeza amawundlu abo ithuba lokuzimela ngokuzimela nokulwela ukuba khona kwabo.
Kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa kwabo, oshaka bazitholela okwabo ukudla futhi babalekele ezitheni, ezanele izingane ekujuleni kolwandle. Futhi laba bangahlanganisa nabazali babo uqobo. Ososayensi abanalo ulwazi olunembile mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila salezi zakhamizi zezilwandle, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi cishe kuyiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengu-20.
